Geomorfologi, Struktural.

2. stress
stress
Fold
Tekanan pada perlapisan batuan sedimen
menghasilkan relief bergelombang
Rocks can
bend or fold under stress.
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

3. Fold terminology: limbs, axis (hinge), axial plane
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

4. Dip – Strike
Lipatan/fold yang
telah tersingkap oleh
proses erosi akan
menunjukkan
perlapisan batuan
sedimennya. Arah
lipatan dapat
direkonstruksi melalui
pengukuran Dip -
Strike
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

5. Fold classifications:
1. Klasifikasi berdasar posisi relatif lapisan
berumur tua dan muda
a. Antiklinal
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

6. Fold classifications:
1. Klasifikasi berdasar posisi relatif lapisan
berumur tua dan muda
b. sinklinal
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

7. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
a. Synform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan
menuju lembah/fold center
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

8. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
b. Antiform : Arah dip di kedua sisi berlawanan
menjauhi puncak/fold center
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

9. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
c. Other form (Contoh : homoklinal)
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

10. Fold classifications:
2. Klasifikasi berdasar bentuk
c. Other form (Contoh : monoklinal)
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

11. Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
a. upright--vertical
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

12. Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
b. inclined--inclined
inclined fold
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

13. Fold classifications:
3. Klasifikasi berdasar kemiringan axial plane
c. recumbent--near horizontal
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

14. Fold classifications:
4. Klasifikasi berdasar perbandingan relatif antara
dip di kedua limb : symmetrical , asymmetrical,
overturned
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

15. Plunging fold
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

16. B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
Lembah sinklinal

17. B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L
Hog back When
rocks are uplifted
by mountain
building
processes, erosion
of the softer, less
resistant rock
occurs leaving a
ridge of the more
resistant rock.

18. Cuesta, broken fault
Escarpment face of a cuesta, broken by a
fault. Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

19. Pola aliran yang terbentuk pada zone lipatan adalah
trellis.
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

20. Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam
perlapisan horisontal
Interstate road cut
through limestone
and shale strata in
eastern Tennessee
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

21. Struktur minor pada batuan sedimen dalam
perlapisan horisontal
1. Perlapisan silang siur (Cross bedded) /
2. Riple marks
3. Mud marks
4. Concretions
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

22. Fault Terminology:
1. strike and dip
2. hanging wall/headwall
3. footwall
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

23. Fault Terminology:
1. hanging wall/headwall
2. footwall
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

24. Fault Terminology:
fault scarps (tectonic)
faultline scarps (erosional:
structurally controlled by not
tectonic)
Aspy Valley: faultline scarp, lowland, and plateau
truncated spurs/triangular
facet (also produced by
glaciation)
wineglass valley (Death Valley)
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

25. Fault Terminology: fault scarps (tectonic)
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

26. Fault Terminology: Escarpments
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

27. Fault Terminology: Linier valley (erosional:
structurally controlled by not tectonic)
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

28. Tipe Fault
Dip Slip Faults
Normal
Reverse
Strike Slip Faults
left lateral
right lateral
Pull-apart Basins and
transverse Mountains:
form where a transform
fault bends
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

29. Tipe Fault
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

30. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
Normal faults Reverse faults
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

31. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A graben fault is produced when tensional stresses result in
the subsidence of a block of rock. On a large scale these
features are known as Rift Valleys
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

32. Tipe Fault
Tekanan kuat pada perlapisan batuan mengakibatkan
patahnya perlapisan, menghasilkan fault
A horst fault is the development of two reverse
faults causing a block of rock to be pushed up
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L

33. Kerak bumi dengan posisi yang lebih rendah
diantara dua blok yang lain disebut Graben.
Sedangkan kerak bumi yang mengalami kenaikan
elevasi disebut Horst.
Tipe Fault
B E N T U K L A H A N S T R U K T U R A L