RNA polymerase binds to DNA and transcribes it into mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation. Amino acids are joined via tRNA and peptide bonds to form a protein, which is complete when the ribosome reaches a stop codon.

1. Transcription & Translation
Flipbook.
Meghen Young

2. Transcription
• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and
unwinds it.
• RNA polymerase to promoter
region of DNA.
• RNA hits stop codon and releases
mRNA.
• mRNA leaves the nucleus and
enters the cytoplasm.

3. Cell

4. Nucleus

5. Nucleus
RNA polymerase
DNA

6. = Adenine
= Thymine = Cytosine = Guanine

7. RNA polymerase
Start
Codon

17. Promoter Region
AC
t G

18. Coding Region
RNA polymerase
RNAP reads
DNA and
creates mRNA

19. Coding Region
A
NA
olymerase
U

20. Coding Region
A
C
NA
RNA
olymerase
polymerase
U
G

21. Coding Region
A
C T
NA
RNA
olymerase RNA
polymerase
polymerase
U G
A

22. Coding Region
A
C T G
NA
RNA
olymerase RNA RNA
polymerase
polymerase polymerase
U G
A
C

23. Coding Region
A A
C T G
NA
RNA RNA polymerase
olymerase RNA RNA
polymerase
polymerase polymerase
U G
A
C U

24. Coding Region
A A C
C T G
NA
RNA RNA polymerase RNA
olymerase RNA RNA
polymerase polymerase
polymerase polymerase
U G
A G
C U

25. Coding Region
A A C T
C T G
NA
RNA RNA polymerase RNA RNA
olymerase RNA RNA
polymerase polymerase polymerase
polymerase polymerase
U G A
A G
C U

26. mRNA strand
Starting Terminating
Codon Codon
The mRNA is complete

27. Nuclear Pore
DNA
mRNA moves
through nuclear
pore

28. Translation
• rRNA forms ribosomes
• mRNA binds to ribosome and is all read.
• Amino Acids attached to tRNA bind with
peptide bonds.
• Ribosomes hit stop codon and then completes
the protein.

29. Inside the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
RNA

30. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
(MET) Amino Acid
U A C
A U G C A G U CA U G C C A U U G AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

31. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
Amino Acid
(MET) (VAL)
U A C G U C
A U G C A G U CA U G C C A U U G
AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

32. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
Amino Acid
(MET) (VAL) (SER)
U A C G U C A GU
A U G C A G U C A U G C C A U U G AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

33. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
Amino Acid
(MET) (VAL) (SER) (THR)
U A C G U C A GU A C G
A U G C A G U CA U GC C A U U G AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

34. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
Amino Acid
(MET) (VAL) (SER) (THR) (VAL)
U A C G U C A GU A C G A
G U
A U G C A G U CA U GC C A U U G AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

35. Ribosome
tRNA anti-
codon
Amino Acid
(MET) (VAL) (SER) (THR) (VAL) (THR) STOP
U A C G U C A GU A C G A UAG
G U
A U G C A G U CA U GC C A U UG AUC
mRNA
strand
bases

36. Amino
Acids
Peptide
Bond

37. Summary
• Transcription:
• First, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it.
Then, RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA.
After that, RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA.
Then, RNA polymerase hits a stop codon and realeases
mRNA. Last, mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters
cytoplasm.
• Translation:
• First, rRNA forms ribosomes. Then, mRNA binds to
ribosomes and is read. After, tRNA proof reads mRNA and
transfers amino acids. Then, amino acids attached to the
tRNA and bind with the peptide bond. Last, ribosomes hits
stop codon and completes the protein.