Impact of distance from city was annalysed in the Primary Education Sector of Government of West Bengal.

1. Presentation on dd/09/2009 by: Analysis of Primary Education in West Bengal - Impact of Distance from City . Probal Mojumder (NM – Development Economics NW, ShARE ISI - Kolkata) Arghya Bhattacharya (P, ShARE ISI-K and Senior Member, Development Economics NW)

2. West Bengal’s literacy rate is moderately high - about 68.6% Expenditure on education from 2001-02 to 2005-06 State profile on primary education (class I-V) for 2005-06 Source: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , 2005-2006 Annual Report.. Category Value (in figures) Total Population 84,277,000 Literacy Rates 68.64 No. of Primary schools 49986 Enrolment 9150073 Gross Enrolment Ratio 104.91 Drop-out Rates 38.67 No. of Teachers 149764 Pupil Teacher Ratio 50 Gender Parity Index 0.96 No. of Girls per 100 Boys 94

5. The 4 Regions of Survey Map of West Bengal, India

6. Road distance of a Region from the origin was considered as the measure of distance in the project. Aerial distance of Region 2, 3 and 4 from origin. Road distance of Region 2, 3 and 4 from origin. = Road

9. Quality of education and local environment were enquired at each school. Enquired parameters were on school quality and local socio-economic environmental quality The questionnaire used during survey School Quality Local Quality Quantitative Quality Qualitative Quantity No Bad Good Average No Bad Good Average No Bad Good Average No Bad Good Average No Bad Good Average No Bad Good Average No Yes No Yes (Front Page) (Back Page) Parameters Rank Observation Range Pupil-Teacher Ratio 1 8.1 - 58.3 Total Students 3 40 – 400 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 3 0.33 – 1 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4 0.62 - 4.25 Female Student Ratio 4 0.18 - 1 Grant Implementation 2 Mid Day Meal 3 Remedial Classes 3 English Education 4 Physical Education 5 Uniform 5 Maximum Admission Age 3 7 – 14 Parent’s Proffesion 1 Drop-out Rate 2

13. General characteristics of schools in Urban-Rural Gap.. (Region 3) Most schools perform badly across most parameters. The photographs show stark contrast and dismal condition prevailing in the region. School Quality Local Quality Unused property A small building for all classes Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 20 (approx). Total Students 40 – 80 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio Mostly non-trained teachers. Class 1-Class 4 Ratio Low, most students don’t continue. Female Student Ratio Low Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Below Average English Education Bad Physical Education Below Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 10 - 14 Parent’s Profession Labourer (low income group) Drop-out Rate Average

16. Case Study: Lowest SQI school. Raja Rammohan Ray F P School, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 0.44 Lack of proper utilisation of available resources and general indiscipline is the major cause of low points. Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 28.5 Total Students 57 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.5 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 2.54 Female Student Ratio 0.5 Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes No English Education Bad Physical Education Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Average

17. Case Study: Lowest SQI school. Raja Rammohan Ray F P School, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 0.44 Major section of school property remains unused (Building 1) (Building 2) School Statistics Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 28.5 Total Students 57 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.5 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 2.54 Female Student Ratio 0.5 Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes No English Education Bad Physical Education Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Average

18. Case Study: Lowest SQI school. Raja Rammohan Ray F P School, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 0.44 The playground though present remains unused. Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 28.5 Total Students 57 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.5 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 2.54 Female Student Ratio 0.5 Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes No English Education Bad Physical Education Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Average

19. Case Study: Lowest SQI school. Raja Rammohan Ray F P School, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 0.44 Overlapping black-boards Disorganized table and benches. Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 28.5 Total Students 57 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.5 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 2.54 Female Student Ratio 0.5 Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes No English Education Bad Physical Education Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Average

20. Case Study: Lowest SQI school. Raja Rammohan Ray F P School, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 0.44 No uniforms, Students lack general discipline Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 28.5 Total Students 57 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.5 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 2.54 Female Student Ratio 0.5 Grant Implementation Bad Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes No English Education Bad Physical Education Average Uniform No Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Average

21. Case Study: Highest SQI school. Tirtha Bharathi Prathamik Vidyalaya, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 1.29 Adequate number of teachers teach using innovative techniques. Each class has a separated room and the school is a proud owner of a big playground. Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 30.1 Total Students 65 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.83 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4.25 Female Student Ratio 0.24 Grant Implementation Good Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Average English Education Average Physical Education Good Uniform Yes Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Nil

22. Case Study: Highest SQI school. Tirtha Bharathi Prathamik Vidyalaya, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 1.29 Words are introduced to children using pictures . Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 30.1 Total Students 65 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.83 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4.25 Female Student Ratio 0.24 Grant Implementation Good Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Average English Education Average Physical Education Good Uniform Yes Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Nil

23. Case Study: Highest SQI school. Tirtha Bharathi Prathamik Vidyalaya, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 1.29 A big well maintained field for physical education. Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 30.1 Total Students 65 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.83 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4.25 Female Student Ratio 0.24 Grant Implementation Good Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Average English Education Average Physical Education Good Uniform Yes Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Nil

24. Case Study: Highest SQI school. Tirtha Bharathi Prathamik Vidyalaya, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 1.29 Teacher busy correcting assignments Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 30.1 Total Students 65 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.83 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4.25 Female Student Ratio 0.24 Grant Implementation Good Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Average English Education Average Physical Education Good Uniform Yes Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Nil

25. Case Study: Highest SQI school. Tirtha Bharathi Prathamik Vidyalaya, Bon-Hoogly, Region 2 School Statistics Photographic proof of school’s condition SQI 1.29 Mid-Day meal in full preparation Parameters Observation Pupil-Teacher Ratio 30.1 Total Students 65 Trained-Non-Trained Teacher Ratio 0.83 Class 1-Class 4 Ratio 4.25 Female Student Ratio 0.24 Grant Implementation Good Mid Day Meal Yes Remedial Classes Average English Education Average Physical Education Good Uniform Yes Maximum Admission Age 7 Parent’s Profession Labor Class Drop-out Rate Nil

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