The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2,500 BC in what is now Pakistan and western India. It was first discovered in Harappa, and is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization. The document outlines topics that will be discussed, including the discovery of the civilization, its origins and geography, the nature of urbanization, trade and commerce, and theories about its decline.

1. Indus Valley Civilization
 The Indus Valley civilization flourishedThe Indus Valley civilization flourished
around 2,500 B.C. in the western part ofaround 2,500 B.C. in the western part of
South Asia, in what today is Pakistan andSouth Asia, in what today is Pakistan and
western India. It is often referred to aswestern India. It is often referred to as
Harappan Civilization after its firstHarappan Civilization after its first
discovered city, Harappa.discovered city, Harappa.
 Today’s Class will discuss different AspectsToday’s Class will discuss different Aspects
of Indus Valley Civilization.of Indus Valley Civilization.

2. Indus Valley Civilization
 1 Discovery of Indus Valley1 Discovery of Indus Valley
CivilizationCivilization
 2 Origins of Indus Valley Civilization2 Origins of Indus Valley Civilization
 3 Geography of Indus Valley3 Geography of Indus Valley
CivilizationCivilization
 4. Nature of Urbanization4. Nature of Urbanization
 5 Trade and Commerce and Links with5 Trade and Commerce and Links with
Outside WorldOutside World
 6 Theories Concerning the Decline of6 Theories Concerning the Decline of
the Indus Valley Civilization.the Indus Valley Civilization.
 Acknowledgement: All slides areAcknowledgement: All slides are
obtained from the web site ofobtained from the web site of
http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.htmlhttp://www.harappa.com/har/har0.html

3. Discovery of Indus Valley
Civilization
 1. Charles Masson Expedition:1. Charles Masson Expedition:
Narrative of Various Journeys inNarrative of Various Journeys in
Balochistan, Afghanistan and TheBalochistan, Afghanistan and The
PanjabPanjab (London, Richard(London, Richard
Bentley,1842).Bentley,1842).
 2. The Expedition of Alexander2. The Expedition of Alexander
Burnes, and the archaeologist SirBurnes, and the archaeologist Sir
Alexander Cunningham in the 1870's.Alexander Cunningham in the 1870's.
 3. The excavation of Rai Bahadur Daya3. The excavation of Rai Bahadur Daya
Ram Sahni, and by R.D. Banerji inRam Sahni, and by R.D. Banerji in
1920s.1920s.
 4 The joint Pakistani American4 The joint Pakistani American
Harappa ArchaeologicalHarappa Archaeological ResearchResearch
ProjectProject

4. Origins of Indus Valley
Civilization
 1. The Time Line of1. The Time Line of
Indus ValleyIndus Valley
CivilizationCivilization
 2. New Dates2. New Dates
Concerning theConcerning the
Origins of the IndianOrigins of the Indian
CivilizationCivilization
 3. Contemporary3. Contemporary
Ancient Civilizations.Ancient Civilizations.

5. Geography of Indus Valley
Civilization
 1. Harappa and1. Harappa and
MohenjodaroMohenjodaro
 2. Lothal and the2. Lothal and the
Indian SitesIndian Sites
 3. Continuation of3. Continuation of
Harappan CivilizationHarappan Civilization
in the Indo Gangeticin the Indo Gangetic
Valley.Valley.The Range of Indus Valley

6. Nature of Urbanization
 1. Street Planning1. Street Planning
 2. Granary2. Granary
 3. Great Bath3. Great Bath
 4. Social Organization4. Social Organization
 5. Relations with5. Relations with
Agrarian Hinterland.Agrarian Hinterland.

7. Trade and Commerce with
Outside World
 1. Nature of Trade and1. Nature of Trade and
CommerceCommerce
 2. Routes of Trade and2. Routes of Trade and
CommerceCommerce
 3. Articles of Trade3. Articles of Trade
and Commerceand Commerce
 4. The Ruling4. The Ruling
Merchant Classes.Merchant Classes.

8. Theories of the Decline of Indus
Valley Civilization
 1. The Myth of Aryan1. The Myth of Aryan
Invasion.Invasion.
 2. Environmental Sifts2. Environmental Sifts
 3. New Researches3. New Researches