Microcomputers can control a bread making machine. A microcomputer uses programs stored in ROM to control the heating resistor, fan motor, and mixing motor at different stages of the bread making process. An analog temperature sensor provides temperature feedback to the microcomputer while a digital timer shows the time remaining. Users can select parameters like crust darkness through a keypad. The machine first mixes ingredients, then bakes the bread while maintaining temperature, before cooling the finished loaf over approximately four hours. Microcomputers are widely used to automate appliances, vehicles, and industry equipment.

1. MICROCOMPUTERS BASED
BREAD MAKING MACHINE
BY:- Dhruvin Patel (140110111033)
Harshit Patel (140110111034)
Nirav Patel (140110111041)
Prerak Trivedi (140110111045)

2. What Microcomputers Are?
• A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a
microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).[2] It includes a
microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities.
Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 80s with the
advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors.
• The predecessors to these computers, mainframes and
minicomputers, were comparatively much larger and more expensive
(though indeed present-day mainframes such as the IBM System z
machines use one or more custom microprocessors as their CPUs).
• Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen
for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic
sense).

3. Origin of the term ’MICROCOMPUTERS’
• The term microcomputer came into popular use after the introduction of
the minicomputer, although Isaac Asimov used the term microcomputer in
his short story "The Dying Night" as early as 1956 (published in The
Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in July that year).
• Most notably, the microcomputer replaced the many separate components
that made up the minicomputer's CPU with one integrated microprocessor
chip. The French developers of the Micral N (1973) filed their patents with
the term "Micro-ordinateur", a literal equivalent of "Microcomputer", to
designate the first solid state machine designed with a microprocessor.
• In the USA, the earliest models such as the Altair 8800 were often sold as
kits to be assembled by the user, and came with as little as 256 bytes of
RAM, and no input/output devices other than indicator lights and switches,
useful as a proof of concept to demonstrate what such a simple device
could do

4. • Monitors, keyboards and other devices for input and output may be integrated or
separate. Computer memory in the form of RAM, and at least one other less volatile,
memory storage device are usually combined with the CPU on a system bus in one
unit. Other devices that make up a complete microcomputer system include
batteries, a power supply unit, a keyboard and various input/output devices used to
convey information to and from a human operator (printers, monitors, human
interface devices).
• Microcomputers are designed to serve only one user at a time, although they can
often be modified with software or hardware to concurrently serve more than one
user. Microcomputers fit well on or under desks or tables, so that they are within
easy access of users. Bigger computers like minicomputers, mainframes, and
supercomputers take up large cabinets or even dedicated rooms.
• A microcomputer comes equipped with at least one type of data storage, usually
RAM. Although some microcomputers (particularly early 8-bit home micros) perform
tasks using RAM alone, some form of secondary storage is normally desirable. In the
early days of home micros, this was often a data cassette deck (in many cases as an
external unit). Later, secondary storage (particularly in the form of floppy disk and
hard disk drives) were built into the microcomputer case.

10. What is a digital computer?

11. How does a computer thinks?

12. Basic computer system organisation

13. Bread Making Machine
• Figure shows a simplified schematic diagram of a microcomputer-controlled
breadmaking machine.
• A microcomputer along with its timing circuit, keypad, and display unit controls
the heating resistor, fan motor, and bread-ingredient mixing motor by means of
digitally activated switches.
• An analog temperature sensor, through an A/D converter, provides the status
of temperature to themicrocomputer.
• A digital timer circuit counts down, showing the time remaining in the process.
• The control programs are stored in ROM and determine when and how long the
machine should mix the ingredients added to the bread pan, when and how
long the heating resistor should be turned on or off for various parts of the
cycle, and when and how long the fan should be on to cool the loaf after baking
is finished.
• The parameters such as light, medium, or dark bread crust are entered through
the keypad into RAM.

14. • The control programs are stored in ROM and determine when and
how long the machine should mix the ingredients added to the
bread pan, when and how long the heating resistor should be
turned on or off for various parts of the cycle, and when and how
long the fan should be on to cool the loaf after baking is finished.
• The parameters such as light, medium, or dark bread crust are
entered through the keypad into RAM.

16. • According to the programs stored and the parameters entered, the
machine initially mixes the ingredients for several minutes. The
heating resistor is turned on to warm the yeast, causing the dough
to rise while a temperature of about 90°F is maintained. The time
remaining and the temperature are continually checked until the
baked loaf is cooled, and the finished bread is finally ready in about
4 hours.
• Microprocessors and computers in various forms are used
extensively in household appliances, automobiles, and industrial
equipment.

17. THANK YOU