1. BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS

2. DONOR CRITERIA
Physical Examination General Appearance
Age Haemoglobin or (Haematocrit)
Weight Blood Pressure
Temperature Pulse
Donor Skin Examination of various systems
Medical History Pregnancy
Abortions Alcohol or any drug abuse
On medications Infectious disease
transmissible infections Vaccinations
Aspirin Surgical Procedures
Donation Interval History of receiving transfusion

3. INFORMATION TO THE DONORS- Counseling and
Referral
Objectives :
• ensuring that unsuitable donors are deferred either
temporarily or permanently;
• ensuring patient safety by collecting blood only from
safe donors;
• optimizing donor safety by collecting blood only
from healthy donors;
• reducing unnecessary deferral of safe and healthy
donors and
• minimizing wastage of resources resulting from the
collection of unsuitable donations.

4. Major steps of the blood donation process :
1. Donor education and recruitment leading to
registration/enrolment
2. Pre-donation information
3. Completion of the donor questionnaire
4. Pre-donation counselling
5. Pre-donation advice
6. Medical interview on a one-on-one basis
7. Health check
8. Informed consent

5. STAGES OF DONOR COUNSELLING
 Pre-donation information before an individual
registers as a blood donor;
 Pre-donation counselling during the confidential
interview for health assessment;
 Information during blood donation and
 Post-donation information and counselling, and
referral.

6. ‘SMART’ Counseling Process
 Specific
 Measurable
 Appreciative
 Realistic
 Time-sufficient:

7. COLLECTION OF BLOOD FROM DONORS
[REQUIREMENTS]
Blood should be collected only by a licensed
blood bank. Blood should be drawn from the donor
by a qualified physician or under his/her supervision
by assistants trained in the procedure.
Method: A strict standardized procedure should be in
use to achieve surgical cleanliness for preparing
venipuncture site to provide maximum possible
assurance of sterile product.
Equipment: The blood bags for collection of blood
should be sterile, pyrogen free and disposable, with
a closed system of collection.

8. Anticoagulant solutions: The anticoagulant solution
should be sterile and pyrogen free.
• Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose (CPD) Solution.
• Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose-Adenine (CPDA-1)
solution.
Volume of blood: Volume of blood collected should
be proportionate to the volume of anti-coagulant,
and should not exceed 10 ml/kg body weight
limited to a volume of 500 ml.

9. Samples For Laboratory Tests: blood samples in the
pilot tubes (clotted and anticoagulated) should be
collected at the time of collection of blood by the
same person who collects blood.
Identification: Each container of blood/blood
components /pilot tubes should be identified by a
numeric or alpha numeric at the time of collection
of blood, so that it can be traced back to the donor
and also to the recipient
Temperature: the blood should be placed at 400 C

10. LABELLING FOR WHOLE BLOOD/COMPONENT
• Name of the product i.e., whole blood or
component or intended component.
• The numeric or alphanumeric identification.
• The date of collection and expiry.
• The name and amount of anticoagulant and the
approximate volume of blood collected.
• For platelet concentrate, plasma and for component
obtained through apheresis, the approximate
volume of the components should be indicated.

11. COLOUR SCHEME:
• Blood group O - Blue
• Blood group A - Yellow
• Blood group B - Pink
• Blood group AB – White

12. INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSFUSION
• Do not use if there is any visible evidence of
deterioration.
• Keep at 40 C +20 C before use.
• Shake gently before use.
• Do not add any other medication to the
blood/blood component.
• Check blood group on label and that of the
recipient before administration

13. • Use a fresh, clean, sterile and pyrogen free
disposable transfusion set with filter to transfuse
blood.
• Do not dispense without a prescription.
• Rh(D) type is not required to be mentioned for
plasma but it is necessary for platelet and
granulocyte concentrates especially in case of red
cell contamination of the product.
• Storage temperature should be indicated

14. • Expiry date/time for use should be recorded.
• If the plasma is intended for use of fractionation,
suitable documentation and labelling should be
done.
• Label should indicate whether the component is
prepared by apheresis method.
• Label should indicate the addition of any adjuvant
or cryoprotective agents used.

15. APHERESIS
PLASMAPHERESIS
CYTAPHERESIS
PLATELETPHERESIS
LEUKAPHERESIS

16. COMPONENTS- Blood & Blood Products
 Whole blood
 Red Blood Cell Components
Red blood cells
Frozen red cells
Washed and deglycerolized red blood cells
Leucocytes depleted red blood cells
 Platelet concentrate
 Granulocyte concentrate
 Fresh frozen Plasma
 Albumin

17. BLOOD REQUEST FORM
• Recipient's name
• Age, Sex, ward and bed number
• Blood group of recipient if done earlier
• For error prevention it is preferable to get blood
grouping done before the request for cross match is
received
• Name of the head of treating unit
• Amount of blood/component needed
• Date and time of blood component requirement
• Routine/emergency

18. • Diagnosis
• Reason for transfusion- Hemoglobin / platelet
count
• History of previous transfusion
• Obstetric history in the case of female patient
• Name of the hospital/ Hospital Registration number
• Signature of the medical officer
• Name and signature of the phlebotomist collecting
patient's sample

19. ISSUE OF BLOOD FOR TRANSFUSION
• Donor unit identification number,
• Segment number,
• ABO and Rh(D) type and
• Expiry date of the blood.
• Interpretation of cross matching report and
• the name of the person performing the test and
issuing the blood should be recorded.
• A label or a tag with patient's name, hospital,
identification number, blood unit number assigned
by the collecting/intermediary facility, interpretation
of the cross matching test, should also be attached
to the blood bag container before it is released from
the blood bank.

20. TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD AND COMPONENTS
• INFORMED CONSENT
• IDENTIFICATION OF RECIPIENT AND DONOR UNIT
• SUPERVISION[Transfusion should be prescribed and
administered under medical direction.]
• ADMINISTRATION OF BOOD & BLOOD
COMPONENTS
• GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFUSION PRACTICES

21. COMPLICATIONS
•ACUTE REACTIONS
•DELAYED REACTIONS

22. ACUTE
Acute hemolytic
Febrile non hemolytic
Mild allergic
Anaphylactic & severe allergic
Circulatory overload
Sepsis

23. DELAYED
• Delayed hemolytic
• Hepatitis B *
• Hepatitis C*
• HIV
• Iron overload
• Graft- versus – host disease
• Other infections

24. PREDEPOSIT AUTOLOGOUS DONATION
Pre-deposit autologous donation refers to
removal and storage of blood or blood components
of donor-patient's own blood for intended
transfusion to that person when required at later
date.
Autologous pre-deposit procedure requires
consent of the donor-patient and a request from
treating physician.