Blood Components

2. QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD
COMPONANT PREPAPRATION

3. Blood components
Importance of component separation
 Separation of blood into component allows optimal
survival of each constituents
 Component separation allows transfusion of only specific
desired component to the patient
 Transfusion of only the specific constituent of the blood
avoids the use of unnecessary component
 By using blood components several patient can be treated
with the blood from one donor

4. Blood bags
• Single blood bag:
– Whole blood

5. • Double bags:
– Backed red cells
– plasma

6. • Triple bags:
– Packed cells
– Plasma
– Platelets

7. • Quarterly bags:
– Packed cells
– Plasma
– Platelets
– Plasma factors

8. Action of ingredients of anticoagulant solution.
Citrate
Prevents coagulation by
chelating calcium
Sodium di-
phospate
Prevents fall in pH
Dextrose
Supports ATP generation
by glycolytic pathways
Adenine
, extends the shelf life of
RBC to 35 days.

9. Blood Products
Red Cell Concentrates
Platelet Concentrates
Granulocyte Concentrate
Fresh Frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Cryopoor plasma
Stored plasma
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Plasma Derivatives
Plasma Components
Cellular Components
Blood

10. Centrifugation
This is the first step of blood preparation
• Depend on 2 factors:
– Speed of centrifugation
– Duration of centrifugation.
1. Light spin
• 4170 /g/2min = platelet rich plasma
2. Heavy spin
• 5000 /g / 7min = leukocyte-poor RBC, or cell free plasma.
• 5000/g / 5min = backed cell and platelet concentrate.
• 4170/ g / 10min = cryoprecipitate

11. Preparation of blood components from whole BloodPreparation of blood components from whole Blood

12. 1- Whole Blood:
• Contents
– RBC’s
– WBC’s
– Platelets
– Plasma
– Clotting factors
– Storage:

13. Whole blood remains a choice for
major trauma, for rapid GIB
(gastrointestinal bleeding), and for
other clinical situations that
benefit from simultaneous
administration of red cells, volume
replacement, and coagulation
factors
Sever burns

14. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
WHOLE BLOOD
 Volume : 450 + 50 ml
• Transportation :
- Temperature :
- Time 12 hrs at the maximum

15. 2- Packed Red Cells
Also called Red Cells Concentrate
Platelets and plasma are removed
Contents
– RBC’s
– 20% Plasma
Storage:

16. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
Packed Red Cells
 Volume : 280 + 50 ml
 Hematocrit : 65 – 75 %
 Sampling Frequency : 1% of collection
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%
• Transportation :
- Temperature :
- Time 12 hrs at the maximum

17. Indication
• Severe anaemia
• Aplastic anemia
• Sickle cell anemia
• Thalassemia major
Indications in surgery
• Organ transplantation
• Cardiac surgery
• Other surgeries.

18. PRBC
Dose of blood transfusion =10ml/kg
Cardiac failure = 3-5ml/kg
Rate of Blood Transfusion = 3ml/kg/hr
Transfusion temperature: room Temperature

19. Washed red cells
• It’s convenient but expensive.
• Washed RBCs are free of almost all traces of plasma,
most WBCs, and platelets.
• They are generally given to patients who have severe
reactions to plasma

20. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
 Washed Packed Red cells :
 Volume : 280 + 60 ml
 Hematocrit : 65 – 75 %
 Residual protein g/unit: < 0.5
 Sampling Frequency/month : 10 or all components if
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%
 Transportation :
- Temperature :
- Time 12 hrs at the maximum

21. Leukocyte-poor red cells :
• Can be prepared by several techniques:
– Double centrifuge
– Heavy spin.
– Filtration: passing the blood through
a nylon filter which is an efficient
method for removal of granulocytes.
Heparin is the anticoagulant used for
this procedure. (WBC-depleted RBCs)

22. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
 Leucodepleted RBCs :
 WBCs count /unit : < 5× 10⁶
 Hematocrit : 50 – 70 %
 Sampling Frequency : 1%
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%
 Storage :
- Closed system : 35 days
- Open system : 6 hrs

23. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Definition:
Plasma separated from freshly drawn whole
hrs of blood collection .
Technical Information:
Separation of plasma should be effected within 6
hrs of blood collection and before the red cells is cooled to

24. •Contents
– Clotting factors
– Fibrinogen, factor VIII
– Prothrombin
– Albumin
– Globulins

25. Product Quality Assurance
 Fresh Frozen Plasma :
 Donor unit must not be refrigerated prior to
component preparation
 FFP once thawed must not be refrozen
 Transportation
Every effort must be made to ensure that the
prescribed core temperature is maintained
through out the transit period.

26. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
 Volume: ≥ 150 ml
• Platelets 30 × 10³/ul
• Factor VIII 70 iu –
100iu/unit
 Sampling Frequency : 1%
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%

27. Platelet concentrate
• Preparation:
– Platelet-rich plasma is separated by light spin from
erythrocyte.
– Platelet conc. is then obtained by a heavy spin of
platelet rich plasma.
–
– Separation should be done within 4h After the
blood is drawn.

28. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
Platelets rich plasma
Platelets concentrate
Apheresis platelets
 Storage pH : 6.8± 0.4
 Storage Temperature :
 Storage duration :
- Closed system : 5 days
- Open system : 6 hrs

29. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
Platelets concentrate
Volume : 55± 10 ml
 Platelets count : ≥ 5.5×
10 ⁰/unitᴵ
 WBCs : < 0.2× 10⁹/unit
 Sampling Frequency : 1%
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%
 Continuous Gentle Agitation

30. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
• Must be prepared prior to storage of the
collected unit or within 8 hrs of its storage in the
refrigerator.
• Platelets Storage cabinet which are thermo
statistically controlled and have an agitator
• Infusion duration should not be > 30 minutes

31. Platelet concentrate
Platelet concentrates are increasingly being prepared by
automated devices that harvest the platelets (or other
cells) and return unneeded components (eg, RBCs,
plasma) to the donor.
This procedure, called cytopheresis, provides enough
platelets from a single donation (equivalent to 10
random platelet units) for transfusion to an adult, which,
because it minimizes infectious and immunogenic risks,
is preferred to multiple donor transfusions in certain
conditions.

33. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
Platelets concentrate by cytapheresis
• Volume : 300 - 500 ml
 Platelets count : ≥ 3×
10 /unitᴵᴵ
 WBCs : < 5× 10⁶/unit
 Sampling Frequency : 1%
 Confirmation specificity : ≥75%
 Continuous Gentle Agitation

34. – Factors VIII and XIII, Fibrinogen and von
Willebrand factor (vWF)v.
– It also contains fibronectin
Indications
– Hemophilia A
– Fibrinogen deficiency
– Factor XIII deficiency
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation

35. 7- Cryoprecipitated

36. 7- Cryo-precipitated
Preparation:
• Cryoprecipitate is a concentrate prepared from
FFP, it should be frozen within 4h and stored at
• A bag of cryoprecipitate should be contain on
the average about ≥ 80 units of AHF/unit and
Fibrinogen ≥ 150mg.
•

37. Product Quality Assurance Parameters
• Cryo-precipitated
• Technical information:
- Cryoprecipitate if thawed but not used
period of 4 hrs. If still not used, the unit should be
discarded it must not be refrozen.
- Maximum storage period:

38. Cryo-precipitated
• Transportation:
- Every effort must be made to maintain the
core temperature of the cryoprecipitate at the
- If the unit thaws in transit, it must be
transfused immediately. It should neither be
stored nor should be refrozen.
- It is best to discard cryoprecipitate thawed in
transit rather then trying to preserve it.