The document discusses various types of operators in Java including assignment, arithmetic, unary, equality/relational, logical, bitwise, and bit shift operators. It provides examples of how to use each type of operator and explains their precedence order when evaluating expressions. Key points covered include the different assignment operators, how arithmetic operators work with numbers and strings, common unary operators like increment/decrement, truth tables for logical operators, and how bitwise and bit shift operators manipulate bits.

1. Java Operators

2.  Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate
variables. We can divide all the Java operators into the
following groups:
• Assignment Operator
•Arithmetic Operators
•Unary Operators
• Equality and Relational Operators
•Conditional (Logical) Operators
•Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators

3. (1) Assignment Operator
 Simple Assignment Operator
Syntax of using the assignment operator is:
<variable> = <expression>;
 Compound Assignment Operator
Syntax of using the compound assignment operator is:
operand operation= operand

4. Compound assignment operators :
Operator Example Equivalent Expression
+= x += y; x = (x + y);
-= x -= y; x = (x - y);
*= x *= y; x = (x * y);
/= x /= y; x = (x / y);
%= x %= y; x = (x % y);
&= x &= y; x = (x & y);
|= x != y; x = (x ! y);
^= x ^= y; x = (x ^ y);
<<= x <<= y; x = (x << y);
>>= x >>= y; x = (x >> y);
>>>= x >>>= y; x = (x >>> y);

5. (2) Arithmetic Operators
 The symbols of arithmetic operators are given in a table:
Symbol Name of the Operator Example
+ Additive Operator n = n + 1;
- Subtraction Operator n = n - 1;
* Multiplication Operator n = n * 1;
/ Division Operator n = n / 1;
% Remainder Operator n = n % 1;
 The "+" operator can also be used to concatenate (to join) the two strings
together.
 For example:
String str1 = "Concatenation of the first";
String str2 = "and second String";
String result = str1 + str2;

6. (3) Unary Operators
There are different types of unary operators :
 + Unary plus operator indicates positive value (however, numbers
are positive without this)
Ex : int number = +1;
 - Unary minus operator negates an expression
Ex : number = - number;
 ++ Increment operator increments a value by 1
Ex : number = ++ number;
 -- Decrement operator decrements a value by 1
Ex : number = -- number;
 ! Logical compliment operator inverts a boolean value

7. (4) Equality and Relational Operators
Symbol Name of the Operator Example
== Equal to a==b
!= Not equal to a!=b
> Greater than a>b
< Less than a<b
>= Greater than or equal to a>=b
<= Less than or equal to a>=b

8. (5) Conditional (Logical) Operators
Symbol Name of the Operator
& AND
&& Conditional-AND
| OR
|| Conditional-OR
! NOT
?: Ternary (shorthand for if-then-else statement)

9. ternary ("?:") operator
Java supports another conditional operator that is known as the ternary operator
"?:" and basically is used for an if-then-else as shorthand as
boolean expression ? operand1 : operand2;
If we analyze this diagram then we find that, operand1 is returned, if
the expression is true; otherwise operand2 is returned in case of false
expression.

10. Lets have an example implementing some Logical operators:
class ConditionalOperator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int x = 5;
int y = 10, result=0;
boolean bl = true;
if((x == 5) && (x < y))
System.out.println("value of x is "+x);
if((x == y) || (y > 1))
System.out.println("value of y is greater than the value of x");
result = bl ? x : y;
System.out.println("The returned value is "+result);
}
}

11. Output
value of x is 5 is 5
value of y is greater than the value of x lue of y is greater than the value of x
The returned value is 5

12. (6) Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators
. There are different types of bitwise and bit shift operators available in
the Java language summarized in the table.
Symbol Name of the Operator Example
~ Unary bitwise complement ~op2
& Bitwise AND op1 & op2
| Bitwise inclusive OR op1 | op2
^ Bitwise exclusive OR op1 ^ op2
<< Signed left shift op1 << op2
>> Signed right sift op1 >> op2
>>> Unsigned right shift op1 >>> op2

13. I. Unary Bitwise Complement ("~") :
Lets use the table to understand bitwise complement
operation :
Operand Result
0 1
1 0
1 0
0 1
II. Bitwise AND (&) :
Lets understand the AND operations using truth table:
(AND)
A B Result
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 1

14. III. Bitwise inclusive OR ( | ) :
Lets understand the inclusive OR operations using truth
table:
(OR)
A B Result
0 0 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 1
IV. Bitwise exclusive OR (^) :
Lets understand the exclusive OR operations using truth
table:
A B Result
0 0 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0

15.  Bit Shifts Operators:
I. Signed Left Shift ("<<") :
This diagram shows that, all bits of the upper position were shifted to the left by
the distance of 1; and the Zero was shifted to the right most position. Thus the
result is returned as 11100.
Another expression "2<<2"; shifts all bits of the number 2 to the left placing a
zero to the right for each blank place. Thus the value 0010 becomes 1000 or 8 in
decimal.

16. II. Signed Right Shift (">>") :
This diagram shows that, all bits of the upper position were shifted to the right
distance specified by 1; Since the sign bit of this number indicates it as a positive
number so the 0 is shifted to the right most position. Thus the result is returned as
00011 or 3 in decimal.
Another expression "2>>2"; shifts all bits of the number 2 to the right placing a
zero to the left for each blank place. Thus the value 0010 becomes 0000 or 0 in
decimal.

17. III. Unsigned Right Shift (">>>") :
For example, the expression "14>>>2"; shifts all bits of the
number 14 to the right placing a zero to the left for each blank
place Thus the value 1110 becomes 0011 or 3 in decimal.

18. Operator Precedence
Operators Precedence
array index & parentheses [] ( )
access object .
postfix expr++ expr--
unary ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
multiplicative * / %
additive + -
bit shift << >> >>>
relational < > <= >=
equality == !=
bitwise AND &
bitwise exclusive OR ^
bitwise inclusive OR |
logical AND &&
logical OR ||
ternary ?:
assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >> >=

19.  Lets see an example that evaluates an arithmetic
expression according to the precedence order.
class PrecedenceDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 6;
int b = 5;
int c = 10;
float rs = 0;
rs = a + (++b)* ((c / a)* b);
System.out.println("The result is:" + rs);
}
}

20.  The expression "a+(++b)*((c/a)*b)" is evaluated from right
to left. Its evaluation order depends upon the precedence order of
the operators. It is shown below:
(++b) a + (++b)*((c/a)*b)
(c/a) a+ (++b)*((c/a)*b)
(c/a)*b a + (++b)*((c/a)* b)
(++b)*((c/a)*b) a + (++b)*((c/a)* b)
a+(++b)*((c/a)*b) a+(++b)*((c/a)*b)
Output
The result is:42.0