about composition of fireworks

3. During many festive session especially during
Diwali we come across many fireworks which
illuminate the night sky with countless
spectacular color.
Fireworks is a low explosive pyrotechnic
devices used for entertainment purpose.
The art of pyrotechnic is one of the ancient
Chinese discovery. However most of the effect
seen in a typical display today are result of what
has now been centuries of skilled craftsmanship
and development.

4. • The art of pyrotechnics is an ancient one,
dating back to ancient China. The discovery
of fireworks or the formation of fireworks
are is from gun powder which is believed to
have occurred by chance approximately
2000year ago in china.
• It is thought that a Chinese cook
accidentally produced a mixture that include
petrochemicals as well as some kitchen
ingredient.
• Later it was found that it was the
saltpeter(KNO3) that was the driving force
behind the explosion.

5. In 1560 an European chemist manage to make gun powder as explosive as
possible experimenting with ratio of ingredient , and the final proportion is:
1. Charcoal 15%
2. Saltpeter 75%
3. Sulfur 10%
The ratio used today is same 500 year later.
the true credit of fire works goes to the Italian, because they are who were
able to develop Arial shells to lunch upward and explore into a fountain of
color.in twenty-first century pyrotechnician has technology to introduce
different color to the night sky.

6. • The chemistry of fireworks based
on simple theory of combustion.
The composition inside the
firework contain 6 vital
ingredient.

7. • Charcoal, commonly known in pyretic industries as black powder is the
most common fuel used in fire works.
• The fuel lose electron to the atom within oxidizer thereby reducing the
oxidizer and releasing atom from the oxidizer.
• During this process bonds are formed between fuel and oxygen atoms
forming a product which is relatively stable.
• Only a minimal amount of energy is required to start the combustion of
fuel-oxidizer compound.
• When combustion does start the result is a massive release in energy as
a solid mixture liquefies and vaporize into the flame of ignition.

8. • The function of oxidizing agent is to produce the oxygen needed in
order for the mixture inside the firework for burn. These oxidizer
can be nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate.

9. • Chlorate get completely reduced as they are better
oxidizing agent and so cause an spectacular reaction. This
cause the reaction to became extremely explosive.
Perchlorate contain more oxygen but are less likely explode
than chlorates due to their increase in stability

10. • The second important part of firework is the reducing agent.
• These burn the oxygen provided by the oxidizing agents to
produce hot gasses.
• Common reducing agents are Sulphur and Charcoal.
• These react with the oxygen to form Sulphur dioxide and
Carbon dioxide respectively.

11. • Metals can be added to regulate the rate at which the reaction proceed.
• The larger the surface area of the metal faster the reaction will
proceed.

12. • Binders are used to hold what is essentially the mixture
of the firework together in a paste like mixture.
• The most commonly used binder is known as dextrin, a
type of starch which holds the composition together.

13. • Paron can also be used in binding, however it is less common and
only used in conjunction with red and green fireworks as it helps to
enhance their color.
• The binders do not actually begin to work until the firework has
been lit as they are too unstable for storage within the firework
and are hence potentially dangerous.

14. • Different chemicals are used to produce different coloured
fireworks. Therefore, in order to produce a firework of a certain
colour, the correct corresponding chemical or as the case may be,
mixture of chemicals can be used.
Color Metal Example compounds
Red Strontium (intense red)Lithium (medium red)
SrCO3 (strontium carbonate)Li2CO3 (lithium
carbonate) LiCl (lithium chloride)
Orange Calcium CaCl2 (calcium chloride)
Yellow Sodium NaNO3 (sodium nitrate)
Green Barium BaCl2 (barium chloride)
Blue Copper halides CuCl2 (copper chloride), at low temperature
Indigo Cesium CsNO3 (cesium nitrate)
Violet Potassium Rubidium (violet-red)
KNO3 (potassium nitrate)RbNO3 (rubidium
nitrate)
Gold Charcoal, iron, or lampblack
White Titanium, aluminium, beryllium, or magnesium powders

16. • The incandescence from the elements occurs when solid particles
are heated in the flame to extremely high temperatures.
• These release excess energy in the form of light (hv) at the
broad end of the spectrum.

17. • The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength at which
light is emitted, and the nearer it tends toward the blue end of
the colored spectrum.
• This is why blue colored fireworks are so hard to synthesize, as
they only occur at very high temperatures.

19. • Fireworks give joy and pleasure to many millions of people every
year, but they have to be treated with utmost respect because they
are extremely dangerous.
• Smoke from fireworks is harmful to health. The metallic particles
in the smoke emitted by fireworks pose a health risk, particularly
to people who suffer from asthma.