2. WORLD WAR I
The Great War, World War One,
consisted of two stages:
conventional warfare that
lasted from 1914 to 1916, and a
war of desperate expedients,
when both sides struggled for
their own existences, lasting
until the end.
The two sides of the war
3. Though Germany turned out to
be the Central Power most
involved in the war, there is
little or no evidence that the
Germans had planned for
war. There are several
fundamental causes that had
brought the world to the brink
of war: nationalism, imperialist
competition, militarism, and the
build up of pre-war
alliances. These growing
4. IMPACT OF WORLD WAR I
ON GERMANY
Physical effects
• Starvation
• Disease
• Farming disruption
Germany 1914
Land taken from Germany
Land under League of Nations control
Demilitarised zone
5.
6. Psychological effects
• The soldiers had to be called
out of the battlefield when
the Germans surrendered, so
they were very bitter and
angry, having had experience
of war
• This caused conflict among
the German people because
lots of people blamed the
Government for making the
truce and signing the Treaty
7. WEIMAR REPUBLIC
The Weimar Republic is the
name given by historians to
the federal republic
and parliamentary repres
entative
democracy established in
1919 in Germany to replace
the imperial form of
8. THE GREAT DEPRESSION
When the stock market
collapsed on Wall Street on
Tuesday, October 29, 1929, it
sent financial markets
worldwide into a tailspin with
disastrous effects. The German
economy was especially
vulnerable since it was built
upon foreign capital, mostly
9. As production levels fell,
German workers were laid off.
Along with this, banks failed
throughout Germany. Savings
accounts, the result of years
of hard work, were instantly
wiped out. Inflation soon
followed making it hard for
families to purchase expensive
necessities with devalued
money.
10. THE RISE OF HITLER
In the good times before the Great
Depression the Nazi Party
experienced slow growth, barely
reaching 100,000 members in a
country of over sixty million. But the
Party, despite its tiny size, was a
tightly controlled, highly
disciplined organization of fanatics
poised to spring into action. Since the
failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923,
Hitler had changed tactics and was
for the most part playing by the
11. Hitler had begun his career in
politics as a street brawling
revolutionary appealing to
disgruntled World War I
veterans predisposed to
violence. By 1930 he was quite
different, or so it seemed. Hitler
counted among his supporters a
number of German
industrialists, and upper middle
class socialites, a far cry from
the semi-literate toughs he
12. By mid-1930, amid the economic
pressures of the Great
Depression, the German
democratic government was
beginning to unravel.
Gustav Stresemann, the
outstanding German Foreign
Minister, had died in October
1929, just before the Wall
13. The crisis of the Great Depression
brought disunity to the political
parties in the Reichstag. Instead of
forging an alliance to enact
desperately need legislation, they
broke up into squabbling,
uncompromising groups. In March of
1930, Heinrich Bruening, a member of
the Catholic Center Party, became
Chancellor.
Despite the overwhelming need for a
14. To break the bitter
stalemate, he went to
President Hindenburg and
asked the Old Gentleman to
invoke Article 48 of the
German constitution which
gave emergency powers to the
president to rule by decree.
This provoked a huge outcry
from the opposition, demanding
15. As a measure of last resort,
Bruening asked Hindenburg in July
1930 to dissolve the Reichstag
according to parliamentary rules
and call for new elections.
The elections were set for
September 14th. Hitler and the
Nazis sprang into action. Their time
for campaigning had arrived.
16. RECONSTRUCTION
Reconstruction of Germany under
Hitler:
• Hitler made economist Hjalmar
Schacht work for the economic
recovery. He aimed at full
production and full employment
through a state-funded workcreation programe.
• 1933: Hitler pulled out of the
League of Nations.
• 1936: Reoccupied the Rhineland.
17. •
Accumulation of resources
was carried out through expansion
policies in order to prevent
economic crisis.
•
1939: Germany invaded Poland
which instigated France and
England.
•
September, 1940: A Tripartite
Pact was signed between Germany,
Italy and Japan.
18. NAZI WORLDVIEW
Nazi policies included "Lebensmum",
or view that German speaking
people needed more living space
(thus, justifying their thirst for
conquest of neighboring lands).
Also, Aryanism was practiced, with
the central belief being that blueeyed, blonde-haired, fair-skinned
northern European Christians were
to be prized above all others.
19. THE HOLOCAUST
The Holocaust also known as the
Shoahwas the mass murder or
genocide of approximately six
million European Jews during World
War II, a programme of systematic
state-sponsored murder by
Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and
the Nazi Party, throughout Germanoccupied territory. Of the nine
million Jews who had resided in
20. A few scholars would argue the
mass murders of the Romani and
people with disabilities should be
included in the definition, and some
use the common noun "holocaust" to
describe other Nazi mass murders,
for example Soviet prisoners of
war, Polish and Soviet civilians, and
homosexuals. Recent estimates
based on figures obtained since the
21. The persecution and genocide were carried
out in stages. Various laws to remove the
Jews from civil society, most prominently
the Nuremberg Laws, were enacted in
Germany years before the outbreak of
World War II. Concentration camps were
established in which inmates were
subjected to slave labor until they died of
exhaustion or disease. Where Germany
conquered new territory in eastern
Europe, specialized units called
Einsatzgruppen murdered Jews and
political opponents in mass shootings. The
occupiers required Jews and Romani to be
24. HITLER YOUTH
The Hitler Youth (German: HitlerJugend, abbreviated HJ) was a
paramilitary organization of the
Nazi Party. It existed from 1922 to
1945. The HJ was the second oldest
paramilitary Nazi group, founded
one year after its adult
counterpart, the
25. The HJ were viewed as future "Aryan
supermen" and were indoctrinated in
anti-Semitism. One aim was to instill
the motivation that would enable HJ
members, as soldiers, to fight
faithfully for theThird Reich. The HJ
put more emphasis on physical and
military training than on academic
study. The Nationalsozialistischer
Reichsbund für Leibesübungen
26. After the boy scout movement was
banned through German-controlled
countries, the HJ appropriated
many of its activities, though
changed in content and intention.
For example, many HJ activities
closely resembled military
training, with weapons training,
assault course circuits and basic
tactics. Some cruelty by the older
boys toward the younger ones was
28. WOMEN IN NAZI GERMANY
Many social programs were
implemented by Hitler to
encourage the growth of a
strong German Nazi Volk. One
such program was to advocate
the virtues of motherhood. This
program included a gigantic
Nazi propaganda campaign to
urge women to increase the size
29. The cross of Honor of the
German Mother was created in
three classes with the criteria
as follows:
Bronze 3rd Class Mother 's Nazi
Cross - A bronze Christian Cross
normally worn about the neck
suspended by a 10mm blue ribbon
with two white stripes at each
edge. A round shield was
30. Behind the shield and between the
arms of the cross was a
projection of rays. The arms of
the cross were blue enamel with
white enamel edges. The reverse
was plain save for the date '16
Dezember 1938 ' followed by a
facsimile of Hitler 's signature.
From 16th December 1938, when
the decoration was first
31. Why this change on the reverse
of the cross was brought about
is not known. The manufactures
logo was sometimes found on the
back as well. This award was
normally presented in a blue
envelope bearing the title of
the award on the front. The
32. Silver 2nd Class Mother 's Nazi Cross similar to the 3rd class Mother 's Nazi
Cross except that the metal parts were
finished in silver. It was presented for
bearing 6 to 7 children.
Gold 1st Class Mother 's Nazi Cross again similar to the 3rd class except
all the metal parts were finished in
Gold and also it was presented in a hard
presentation case that consisted of a
hinged and compartmentalized box. The
33. When the award was first
instituted approximately 3 million
women qualified for one of these
awards. Only families of German
origin qualified. Females from
Danzig, Austria and the
Sudetenland were eligible when
these teritories were absorbed
into the Greater German Reich.
34. NAZI PROPAGANDA
Propaganda, the coordinated
attempt to influence public opinion
through the use of media, was
skillfully used by the NSDAP in the
years leading up to and during
Adolf Hitler's leadership of
Germany (1933–1945). National
Socialist propaganda provided a
crucial instrument for acquiring
35. The pervasive use of propaganda by
the Nazis is largely responsible
for the word "propaganda" itself
acquiring its present negative
connotations.[
Dr. Joseph Goebbels, head
of Germany's Ministry of Public
Enlightenment and Propaganda. His
masterful use of propaganda
36. Nazi propaganda promoted Nazi
ideology by demonizing the enemies
of the Nazi Party, especially Jews
and communists, but also
capitalists and intellectuals. It
promoted the values asserted by
the Nazis, including heroic death,
Führerprinzip (leader principle),
Volksgemeinschaft (people's
community), Blut und Boden (blood
37. After the outbreak of World
War II, Nazi propaganda
vilified Germany's enemies,
notably the United Kingdom,
the Soviet Union and the
United States, and exhorted
the population to partake in
total war.
