study of a thermal power plant and its working

1. Prepared by :
Prashu Prakash
Btech(EEE) 4th year
A2324612039

2.  Under IPGCL i.e. Indraprastha Power Generation
Company Limited,3 Power Stations are in
operation.They are as follows :
1)I.P STATION
2)RAJGHAT POWER HOUSE
3)GAS TURBINE POWER STATION (GTPS)
 Under PPCL i.e. Pragati Power Cooperation Limited,
one Power Station is in operation and it is:
PRAGATI POWER STATION

3. STATIONS I.P STATION RAJGHAT
POWER
STATION
GTPS PRAGATI
POWER
STATION
Station
Capacity
(MW)
247.5 135 282 330
Units 3*62.5 (GT) +
60 (ST)
2*67.5 (GT) 6*30 (GT) +
3*34 (WHRU)
2*104 (GT) +
1*122
(WHRU)
Year of
Commissionin
g
1967-71 1989-90 1986 & 1996 2002-2003
Coal
Field/Gas
NCL,BINA NCL,BINA GAIL HBJ
Pipeline
GAIL HBJ
Pipeline
Water
Sources
River Yamuna River Yamuna River Yamuna Treated water from
Sen Nursing Home &
Delhi Gate Sewage
Treatment Plants
Beneficiary
Areas
VIP-South &
Central Delhi
Central &
North Delhi
NDMC-
VIP,DMRC
NDMC,South
Delhi

4.  To make Delhi-Power Surplus
 To maximize generation from available capacity
 To plan and implement new generation capacity
in Delhi
 To set ever so high standards of environment
Protection
 To develop competent human resources for
managing the company with good standards

5.  Works on Rankine Cycle
 Steam produced in boiler (usually by burning coal) is
expanded in the prime mover (ie; steam turbine)
 Condensed steam is fed back to boiler again
 The steam turbine drives the alternator produces
electricity
 Steam power plants contribute about 65% of total
electrical energy generated in India

9. The schematic arrangement of a modern steam
power station can be divided into the
following stages:
 Coal and ash handling plant
 Steam generating plant
 Steam turbine
 Alternator
 Feed water
 Cooling arrangement

10.  Coal is transported to power station by rail
or road and stored in coal storage plant and
then pulverised
 Pulverised coal is fed to fed to the boiler by
belt conveyers
 Coal gets burned in the boiler and ash
produced is removed to the ash handling
plant and then delivered to ash storage plant
for disposal
 A 100MW station operating at 50% LF may
burn about 20000tons of coal per month and
produce 3000 tons of ash

11. Coal handling plant
• Wagon unloading system
• Crushing system
• Conveying system
Coal handling plant section

12. ASH HANDLING PLANT
The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms:
1. Bottom Ash(Slurry):It’s a waste which is dumped into a Ash
Pond
2. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro
static Precipitator).
Fly Ash
& Flue
Gases
Economizer ESP
Bottom
ash(wet ash)
Ash Pond
Boiler
Cylo
Chimney
Fly ash
Flue Gases
Cement Factory

13. The steam generating plant consists of a boiler
for the production of steam and other
auxiliary equipment for the utilization of flue
gases
1) Boiler: The heat of combustion
in the boiler is utilized
to convert water into steam at
high temperature and pressure

14. Boiler

15. 2) Superheater: The steam produced in boiler is wet
and is passed through a superheater where it is dried
and superheated. Increases efficiency
3) Economiser:
It’s essentially a feed water heater & derives heat
from the flue gases

16. 4) Air Preheater: Increases the temperature
of the air supplied for coal burning by
deriving heat from flue gases. Air is drawn
from the atmosphere by a forced drought fan
and is passed through air preheater before
supplying to the boiler furnace.

17.  Dry and superheated steam from superheater
is fed to the steam turbine.
 The heat energy of steam when passing over
the blades of turbine is converted into
mechanical energy.
 After giving energy to the turbine, the steam
is exhausted to the condenser which
condenses the exhausted steam by means of
cold water circulation

19.  Steam turbine is coupled to an alternator
which converts the mechanical energy to
electrical energy
 The electrical output of the alternator is
delivered to the bus bars through
transformer, circuit breakers and isolators.

20.  The condensate from the condenser is used
as feed water to the boiler.
 The water that may be lost in the cycle is
made up from the external source
 The feed water on its way to boiler gets
heated up by water heaters and economiser.
 This helps to improve the overall efficiency
of the plant

21. Raw
Water
Purified
DM
water
For
cooling
purpose
Steam
Conden
ser
Water in a Power Plant is used for
1.Production of Steam- for rotating turbine.
2.Cooling Purpose- For cooling of various equipment
3% of water is wasted during this process. Appx 4 cubic mt water is
lost /day/MW

22.  Condenser condenses the steam exhausted
from the turbine
 Water is drawn from natural sources like
river, lake, canals…
 Circulating water takes up the heat and itself
gets heated up
 This hot water can be discharged away or
used again by using a cooling tower

23.  Merits:
 Requires less space than hydro power plant
 Initial cost is less
 Cheaper fuels like coals and water
 Cost of generation is less
 Demerits:
 Temp. of combustion chamber is too high, which results in
shorter life time.
 Thermal plant has low efficiency
 Running cost is higher
 It pollutes the atmosphere

24.  Links referred :
http://www.hrsgdesign.com/design0.htm
http://ipgcl-ppcl.gov.in/
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/illus
trated_glossary/substation.html#Equipment
Books:
 Principles of Power System- V.K. Mehta
 A Course in Power Systems- J.B. Gupta