3. In 2016, an estimated 41 million children
under the age of 5 years were overweight or
obese.
India has around 14.4 million obese children
as of 2017.
The world prevalence of obesity has
increased by 300% over the last 40 years.
4. BMI = Weight in kgs.
Height in metres^2
Children >2 years, BMI of ≥95th centile, are obese.
Those with BMI between 85 to 95 are overweight.
WHO guidelines 2018-
a) overweight is BMI >1 SD above theWHO Growth Reference
median; and
b) obesity is BMI > 2 SD above theWHO Growth Reference
median.
7. Increased availability of high carbohydrate
beverages, drinks, fruit juices.
Increased availability of “cheap calories”
Increased use of vehicles, reduced walking.
Pressure on academic performance.
Chronic partial sleeping.
8. Determines the individual susceptibility.
FTO gene- adiposity in childhood.
MC4R deficiency- early onset obesity.
Eg. Of a genetic disease associated with obesity
is Prader-Willi.
9. Short term control and the regulation of hunger
and satiety is by the neuro-endocrine feedback
system .
Involves -
1. Adipose tissue
2. Gastrointestinal system.
3. Central nervous system.
16. With normal growth, development and no
syndromic or endocrine features, no workup
is generally necessary,
In the presence of growth failure and BMI
>3SD
TSH, cortisal levels should be done at the first
sitting.
17.
18.
19. Counselling.
Family based treatment.
Dietary advice.
Meals to be based on vegetables, fruits, whole
grain and poultry.
Encouraging activity.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. Morbid obesity may require drugs or even
bariatric surgery.
Surgery is only recommended when near
complete or complete skeletal maturity is
achieved and BMI is ≥40 .
25. ORLISTAT
1. FDA approved for children >12 years
2. Weight loss is not very significant.
3. Due to side effects, generally not tolerated.
4. Steatorrhoea – most unpleasant side effect.
26. METFORMIN
1. FDA approved forType 2 DM >10 years,
2. Reduces insulin intolerance,
3. Weight loss is not very significant,
4. May cause GI upset,
5. Can be used for PCOS in adolescent girls.
27. TOPIRAMATE
1. Not FDA approved,
2. May control cravings,
3. Used for Seizure control in children
4. Not recommended.
28. PHENTERMINE
1. FDA approved for weight loss > 16 years
2. Weight loss is moderate,
3. May cause anxiety, tremors and HTN.
29. Octreotide for hypothalamic obesity
Leptin in cases of leptin deficiency
Obese children with growth failure may
benefit withGH therapy.
30. Careful monitoring
Family counselling regarding diet, regular and
timely eating habits.
Promote physical activity at schools.
Reduce use of sweetened beverages, sodas,
concentrated juices (target population is kids in
commercials).