The document summarizes some key similarities and differences between English and French, including their alphabets being the same but pronunciation and accents differing in French. It also provides basic French greetings, questions for introductions and getting to know someone, terms for family and times of day, and an overview of regular verb conjugations in the present tense for -er, -ir and some -re verbs.

1.  What are the similarities and differences
between English and French?
 SIMILARITIES:
1. The alphabets are the same
 DIFFERENCES:
1. The pronunciation is different
2. There are accents (/; ; ..; ^; , over the
vowels)-primarily used to change their sound
3. The formal and informal way of speaking
4. There is feminine and masculine gender for all
nouns whether people or things

2.  Je = I  1st per. sing.
 Tu = you  2nd per. sing.
 Il = he/it 3rd per. sing
 Elle = she/it
 Nous = we  1st per. plu.
 Vous = you  2nd per. plu.
 Ils = they 3rd per. Plu.,
 Elles = they

3.  Bonjour = good morning /good day/hello
 Bonne journée = have a nice day
 Bonsoir = good evening
 Bonne soirée = have a nice evening
 Bon après midi = good after noon
 Bonne nuit = good night
 Salut = hi / bye
 au revoir = Bye, bye
 Adieu = good bye / farewell

4.  A bientôt = see you soon
 A demain = see you tomorrow
 A plus tard = see you later
 A la prochaine = until we meet next
 Bonne anniversaire = happy birthday
 Bonne chance = good luck
 Bon voyage = happy journey
 Bon année = happy new year
 Bonne route = have a safe journey
 Bonne nouvelle année = happy new year
 Joyeux Noël = merry christmas

5.  Monsieur = mister/sir
 Madame = madam
 Mademoiselle = miss
 Homme = man
 Femme = woman / wife
 Dame = lady
 Garçon = boy
 Fille = girl

6. • Comment allez-vous ? (formal)
• Comment ça va ? = how are you ?
• Comment vas-tu ?
• Je vais bien, merci
• Ça va bien, merci =I am fine, thank you
• Comment vous appelez-vous? (formal)
• Comment t’appelles-tu ?
• Comment tu t’appelles ?= what is your name?
• Je m’appelle ……….. = My name is………

7.  Quel âge avez-vous?
 Quel âge as-tu ? how old are you?
 J’ai dix ans = I am ten years old
 Où habitez-vous?
 Où habites-tu ? where do you live?
 J’habite à ……… = I live in ………..
 Merci = thank you
 De rien = no mention
 S’il vous plait = please

8.  Aujourd’hui = today
 Hier = yesterday
 Demain = tomorrow
 Maintenant = now
 Jour = day
 Journée = the whole day
 Matin = morning
 Matinée = the whole morning
 Midi = noon
 Après midi = afternoon
 Soir = evening
 Soirée = the whole evening
 Nuit = night
 Minuit = midnight

9. • Père = father
• Mère = mother
• Sœur = sister
• Frère = brother
• Oncle = uncle
• Tante = aunt
• Cousin = cousin
• Grand-père = grand father
• Grand-mère = grand mother

10.  C’est = this is / that is / it is
 Ce n’est pas = this is not/ that is not / it is not
 Ce sont = these are / those are
 Ce ne sont pas = these are not / those are not
 Il y a = there is/ there are
 Y a-t-il = is there
 Il n’y a pas = there is not
 Voilà = there /there you are/ there it is etc…
 Voici = here / here it is etc……
• Moi = me
• Toi = You
• Et = and

11.  Qui est-ce? = Who is this?/who are these
 Qu’est-ce-que c’est? = what is this ?/ what are these
 Qui = who
 Comment = how / what
 Que / qu’est ce que = what
 Où = where
 Quand = when
 Pourquoi = why
 Combien de/d’ = how much / how many
 Quel / quelle = which / what
 Quoi = what

12.  Avoir (to have)
 J’ai ( I have)
 Tu as (you have)
 Il a (he has)
 Elle a (she has)
 Nous avons (we have)
 Vous avez (you have)
 Ils ont (they have)
 Elles ont (they have)

13.  Etre (to be)
Je suis ( I am)
tu es (you are)
il est (he is)
elle est (she is)
nous sommes (we are)
vous êtes (you are)
ils sont (they are)
elles sont (they are)

14. •Aller (to go)
•Je vais (I go)
•tu vas (you go)
•il va (he goes)
•elle va (she goes)
• nous allons (we go)
•vous allez (you go)
• ils vont (they go)
• elles vont (they go)

15.  In French the verbs are divided into 2
groups namely “regular” and “irregular”
verbs.
 The regular verbs are again divided into 3
groups based on their endings.
 They are : verbs ending in ER, ending in IR
and verbs ending in RE . Example : Parler,
Finir, Vendre

16.  For example let us take the verb « Parler »
 The following are the steps for conjugation:
 #1- remove the ending from the verb
 Parler  parl (radical)
 #2 add the endings e, es, e, ons, ez ,ent respectively
to the subject pronouns
 Je = I
 Tu = you
 Il = he
 Elle = she
 Nous = we
 Vous = you
 Ils = they
 Elles = they

17.  Je parle (I speak)
 Tu parles(you speak)
 Il/elle parle(he/she speaks)
 Nous parlons (we speak)
 Vous parlez (you speak)
 Ils/elles parlent (they speak)
 And all the verbs belonging to this group(-er)
can be conjugated in this manner

18.  For example let us take the verb “Finir”
 The following are the steps for
conjugation:
 #1- remove the ending « ir » from the
verb
 Finir  fin (radical)
 #2 add the endings : is, is, it, issons,
issez and issent respectively to the
subject pronouns

19.  Je finis
 Tu finis
 Il/elle finit
 Nous finissons
 Vous finissez
 Ils/elles finissent
 And all the verbs belonging to this group(-
ir) can be conjugated in this manner

20.  Most of the 3rd group verbs are irregular
however, a few of them can be considered as
regular. They are:
 « Vendre (to sell ) » ; « attendre (to wait) » ;
« défendre (to defend) » ; « entendre (to hear) »
; « rendre (to return) » ; « répondre (to
answer) » ; « descendre (to get down) » etc…
 Now let us take the verb “vendre”
 The following are the steps for conjugation:
 #1- remove the ending « re » from the verb
 Vend re vend (radical)
 #2 add the endings : s, s, -, ons, ez and ent
respectively to the subject pronouns

21.  Je vends
 Tu vends
 Il/elle vend
 Nous vendons
 Vous vendez
 Ils/elles vendent
 And all the verbs belonging to this group(-
re) can be conjugated in this manner

22.  Remember most of the 3rd group verbs have
irregular conjugations and have to be learnt
individually, you could however find your
own way of making a pattern for conjugation
when you learn the verbs.
 “