1. A STUDY ON LOW
COST HOUSING
NAME:-REENARANI MALLICK
REDG. NO.:-2001320146
GUIDED BY:- UMAKANTA PRADHAN
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• SCOPE ON LOW COST HOUSING
• PREPARATION OF PROPER PLAN
• IMPROVED BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES
• ECONOMICALROOFING TECHNOLOGY
. FILLER SLAB
. PRE-CAST R.C. PPLANK ROOFING
. PREFAB BRICK PANEL AND JOINT ROOFING
. FUNCCULAR SHELL ROOFING
. FERROCENMENT CHENNRLS ROOFING
• SURVEY ANALYSIS
• APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERANCES
3. INTRODUCTION
• House is the 3rd basic need of Humans after Food and Clothing.
• Low cost housing is done by proper management of resources
and use of improved building technologies.
• The use of natural materials like straw, bamboo, fibres (jute,
coir), earth etc. is a centuries old practice in India.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
• According to the 2011 Census, there were 1.77 million homeless
people in India, or 0.15% of the country's total population.
• There is a shortage of 18.78 million houses in the country.
• Indian population expanding by 1.3% every year, has long been a
problem for its government. Providing affordable housing remains a
major concern of the government as 37% of its population remains
below the International poverty line (US $1.5 a day).
5. OBJECTIVES
• To examine the present housing scenario in India.
• To study the housing requirements of people.
• To study various Construction techniques which can be used to
reduce the cost of construction.
• Study of alternative materials which can be used for Low cost
housing.
• To Study the Human behavior towards Low cost housing.
• Cost estimation of normal building and the identifying the percentage
reduction in cost for low cost building.
6. SCOPE:-
• The cost estimation is done roughly by referring to standard rates
and percentage saving suggested for Low cost techniques from and
experimentations done by BMTPC and CBIR. This may result lower
degree of accuracy.
• The survey is done on a small group of people while considering
heavy population the analysis done may not be pin pointed.
• The survey is done in a single place with urban conditions
(Vijayawada). This results may not hold good in case of rural
conditions. Thus there is a chance for deviation of results.
• The cost is estimated assuming ideal conditions and may vary
depending upon the suitability and availability.
7. PREPARATION OF PROPER PLAN
• It is found that the Square plot will
be more economical than
Rectangular plot.
• This is because the boundary wall
length will be shorter for Square
plot compared to Rectangular plot.
• For same area the perimeter will
be less for Square plot compared
to Rectangular plot.
• The cost of Brickwork, Plastering,
Wall base, Paint will be saved.
9. • In areas where the Bearing capacity of the soil is
low and the soil is expansive; the conventional
mode of providing footing is Spread Footing.
• The Under-Reamed piles are considered as
economic and ideal in such cases.
10. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID FOOTING:-
• In soils of low bearing capacity the base of Footing of
columns should be enlarged to larger sections.
• In such cases it is very economical to use Hyperbolic
Paraboloid footings.
11. ARCH FOOTINGS:-
• In ordinary soils, it is suggested to adopt Arch Foundations.
• This type of foundation was used in olden times where in spread
foundation is replaced by inverted arch.
• It reduces the construction cost up to 40%.
• Advantage of this is-In soft soils that the depth of foundation can be
greatly reduced.
12. STABILIZED AND COMPACTED MUD
BLOCKS:-
• These are made of mud stabilized with 5% cement/lime etc. and
compacted in block making machine with no burning.
• They are economical, energy saving, and are easy to manufacture.
13. HOLLOW CONCRETEBLOCKS:-
Concrete blocks having core void area larger than 25% of the gross
area is termed as hollow concrete blocks.
ADVANTAGES:-
• Cost effective due to saving of
material.
• Use of larger size concrete block
reduces number of joints in
work and hence helps in saving
mortar also.
• Rapid execution of work.
• Better insulation properties.
14. FLYASH GYPSUM BRICKS:-
• Fly-ash Gypsum bricks are good substitute for burnt clay bircks for
the areas in which fly-ash is readily available.
• These bricks can be manufactured with a composition of 92% fly-
ash, 4.5% powdered kankar lime and 3.5% gypsum in volumetric
proportion.
• A compressive strength of 5-6 N/mm2 is expected to be achieved
from these bricks.
15. RAT-TRAP BOND:-
• Rat trap bond is a brick masonry method of wall construction, in
which bricks are placed in vertical position instead of conventional
horizontal position and thus creating a cavity (hollow space) within
the wall.
• This is where approximately 30% Material (brick and mortar) is
saved and thus overall construction cost is reduced. Cavity provides
effective thermal and sound insulation. This makes rat trap bond
energy and cost efficient building technology.
16. BRICK JALIS:-
• Brick Jalis made by widening and leaving openings in the vertical
joints can provide aesthetic patterns and ventilation holes that can
take the place of window openings at the little cost.
• Can also be used for parapet walls and boundary walls.
• Instead of using regular walling system of lintel and window system,
jaliwork can help reduce the cost significantly.
18. FILLER SLAB:-
• Filler slab technology is a simple and a very innovative technology
for a slab construction.
• Hence we replace that part of concrete using light weight and low
cost filler material. This method of construction is called Filler slab.
19. PRE-CAST R.C PLANK ROOFING:-
• Pre-casting of roof leads to substantial reduction in construction time
• 15 to 20% saving in cost possible because of no shuttering and
reduction in steel quantity.
20. PREFAB BRICK PANEL AND JOIST ROOFING:-
• In this system, concrete is used in maximum compressive stress
zone and bricks in less compressive stress zone.
• The method of precast fabrication is adopted for making precast
concrete joists and brick panels.
21. PREFAB BRICK PANEL AND JOIST ROOFING:-
Prefab brick panels are made of first class bricks and 2reinforced with two MS bars
of 6 mm dia. The joints are filled with either M20 concrete or cement mortar 1:3 .The
length of the brick panels varies from 900 mm to 1200 mm depending upon the room
size, but the width is normally kept at 530 mm to allow 36 to 40 mm wide gap between
the bricks for placing reinforcement with proper cover and for laying concrete.
22. FERROCEMENT CHANNEL ROOFING:-
• This building system uses pre-cast ferrocement roofing channels of
a segmental arch profile which are placed adjacent to each other
and spanning over two supports. After partly filling the valley
between channels with concrete, the channels form an idealized T-
beam and are able to carry the load of a roof / floor.
• Ferrocement comprises of a uniform distribution of reinforcement
as wire mesh encapsulated in rich cement mortar.
24. SURVEY ANALYSIS:-
A Questionnaire has been prepared and a survey has been conducted in
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh to analyze the housing needs and
requirements of people.
From the survey, the analysis shows that
• More than 75% of people lives in rent houses.
• Every one wishes to have their own house.
• More than 90% of the people preferred to have the layout of their
house according to Vaastu.
25. APPLICATIONS
• The main objective of Low cost housing is to provide shelter for poor
people and to accommodate the housing needs of growing population.
• The concept of Low cost housing is also useful when it is needed to
provide Temporary shelter for Disaster Refugees after natural
calamities.
• While construction of Mass housing projects with low funding the
concept of Low cost housing can be used.
26. CONCLUSION:-
From the survey conducted at Vijayawada, we concluded that;
1. The strength, Durability and aesthetic appearance is the major requirement of all
people.
2. Everyone wants the design layout of their house according to Vaastu.
3. The low income people wish to have their house through Government schemes
and the remaining through Loans and Own sources.
4. The affordability of a Residential building can be brought to the range of Low and
Medium class income people through adopting to Improved Building
Technologies and proper usage of Natural resources.
5. The cost of a building can be reduced up to 25-30%
27. REFERENCES:-
• Hand book of Low Cost Housing by A.K.Lal – New Age International
Publishers.
• Low cost Housing – G.C. Mathur, IBH publishers.
• “Low cost Housing and Vastushastra” –Deepak Kumar, Standard
publishers distributors.
• “APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR LOW COST HOUSING” by A.G
Madhava rao – OXFORD & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd
