2. In this passage…
Diane Coyle defends globalisation against criticisms from anti-
globalisation protesters. She highlights certain criticisms,
challenges their validity and relevance. Note that there are two
voices in this passage: that of anti-globalisation protestors; that
of Coyle.
The AQ in this paper asks you to evaluate the
applicability of critiques of globalisation in your
society.
3. 1. From paragraph 1, why does the writer use the word
“rightly” (l.4)? Use your own words as far as possible.
4. 1. From paragraph 1, why does the writer use the word
“rightly” (l.4)? Use your own words as far as possible.
He uses it because he wants to show how it is only fair/
justifiable that discussion returns to the impact of
globalisation on the poor [1] after attention had been
diverted by business-related greed. [1]
5. 2. From paragraph 1, according to the writer, what is NOT the
best way to deal with globalisation and its associated ills? Use
your own words as far as possible.
6. 2. From paragraph 1, according to the writer, what is NOT the
best way to deal with globalisation and its associated ills? Use
your own words as far as possible.
It is to move away from/avoid being part of the globalisation
phenomenon. [1]
(You have to paraphrase ‘retreat’)
7. 4. What does the writer mean when she says that “the creation
of a level playing field requires developed countries to live up
to their own free market rhetoric” (lines71-73)?
8. 4. What does the writer mean when she says that “the creation
of a level playing field requires developed countries to live up
to their own free market rhetoric” (lines71-73)?
She means that for less developed nations to compete
fairly with the rich [1], the rich nations should practise
what they preach / commit to unrestricted trade. [1]
9. 5. Why have ‘the IMF and World Bank not succeeded in putting
themselves out of business’ (lines 75 to 76). Use your own
words as far as possible.
10. 5. Why have ‘the IMF and World Bank not succeeded in putting
themselves out of business’ (lines 75 to 76). Use your own words
as far as possible.
• They have shown their ability to adapt to change through the
reformation of some of their policies. [1]
• They are also crucial in ensuring that monetary aid and loans
reach their target nations. [1]
• They also encourage rich non-governmental groups and
individuals to put their money into developing countries. [1]
11. 5. Explain why the writer uses the word ‘utopian’ in line 82.
Consider: who is evaluating their performance against
“utopian alternatives”?
12. 6. Explain why the writer uses the word ‘utopian’ in line 82.
The writer uses the word to suggest that critics of
the IMF and World Bank are too idealistic/ naive.
[1]
OR
The writer is suggesting that we do not assess IMF
and the World Bank based on impractical ideals. [1]
13. 6. What does the word ‘legitimate’ (line 88) suggest about the
grievances of the developing world?
14. 6. What does the word ‘legitimate’ (line 88) suggest about the
grievances of the developing world?
LEGITIMATE
1 fair or reasonable:
That's a perfectly legitimate question.
Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.
It suggests that such grievances should be recognised/
are valid. [1]
Answers that claim ‘legitimate’ = ‘real’ will not get the mark. The
sense of validity should be conveyed.
15. 7. Explain four features in paragraph 8 which show that the
World Trade Organisation (WTO) behaves democratically. Use
your own words as far as possible.
16. 7. Explain four features in paragraph 8 which show that the World
Trade Organisation (WTO) behaves democratically. Use your own
words as far as possible.
• “One member, one vote”: Members are given equal say in the
organisation. [1]
• “member governments, a majority of which are elected”: Many
member countries in the WTO are voted in [1]
• “agenda…trade liberalisation”: The WTO is committed to
advocating free trade practices. [1]
• The WTO does not impose trade policies on countries but
merely asks them to be consistent in their implementation. [1]
17. 9. “the strongest weapon in the armoury” (lines 105-106)
Explain the metaphor used in paragraph 9.
Received wisdom: Knowledge that majority of people take to be true.
18. 9. “the strongest weapon in the armoury” (lines 105-106)
Explain the metaphor used in paragraph 9.
Just like the strongest weapon in the armoury is the
most effective means of destroying an enemy, [1] the
economic evidence available also can be employed as
the most powerful means of contesting anti-globalisation
criticisms. [1]
20. Using material from paragraphs 2 to 6, summarise the criticisms
against globalisation and the writer’s corresponding counter-
arguments.
Common paraphrasing errors:
1. “Unprecedented” ≠ unexpected.
Unprecedented (adj.): Never done before
2. “Impose” ≠ influence/ integrate
Impose [verb]: to force something (usually
unpleasant) on someone
21. Lifted Paraphrased
A commonly held belief is that
globalisation has caused extensive
poverty. (l.15-17)
… this number has not changed
much since 1950 and has actually
fallen sharply from 55% to 24% as a
proportion of the world population.
The recent era of rapid globalisation
has improved the living standards of
many of the poorest, not worsened
them. (l.17-20)
One criticism against globalisation is that…
it has resulted in widespread destitution/ large-
scale poverty. [1]
+
However, the writer points out that the number of
destitute has decreased as a percentage of people
around the globe. / Globalisation has actually
made the lives of the poor better. [1]
22. Lifted Paraphrased
Another common argument is that
globalisation has resulted in an
unprecedented degree of inequality
(l.21-22)…average incomes in the
richest and poorest countries are
indeed further apart than they have
ever been. (l.24-25)
Another criticism is that globalisation has caused a
disparity in living conditions/wages to an extent
not seen before. [1]
…total world inequality has been
virtually stable since the Second
World War. (l.23-24)
….the distribution of incomes within
most countries is now more equal.
(l.27-28)
However, actual income disparity has not really
changed since World War Two, [1]
and within the majority of nations, wages are now
spread more evenly. [1]
23. Lifted Paraphrased
In addition, some very large
countries, such as India and China,
have grown rapidly, offsetting the
effect of African stagnation on total
world income distribution. (l.28-30)
Taken as a whole, the quick economic progress of
big nations has made up for the non-progress of
African countries. [1]
almost daily news of accounting
fraud and corporate greed in the
United States. (l.36-37)
…many of the assertions about
corporate behaviour turn out to be
at best simplistic and often wrong.
(l.34-35)
Accusations of deceptive business practices and
selfish desire for more money [1]
are usually misguided/not well thought through.
[1]
24. Lifted Paraphrased
…there is no evidence that
corporate power has led to a 'race
to the bottom' in taxes…in labour
and environmental standards.
(l.37-39)
There is no proof that businesses’ increased
influence has resulted in less ethical behaviour. [1]
Government regulation of
companies is not diminishing – if
anything, their operation in
different jurisdictions subjects
multinationals to more control
rather than less. (l.39-41)
Companies working in different countries are
made to follow more locally imposed restrictions.
[1]
…charges of profiteering through
the use of sweatshop labour…
(l.43)
Companies are also accused of making money
through exploitation of their workers. [1]
25. Lifted Paraphrased
Yet most cross-border investment
takes place between OECD
countries, or flows towards middle-
income countries. (l.47-48)/ …real
wages have been rising in those
countries that have attracted a lot
of inward investment. (l.52-53)
However, financial transactions between countries
have led to higher incomes in recipient nations. [1]
…In addition to creating jobs (l.53-
55)
…investment by multinationals is
important for the transfer of
technology and expertise from rich
to poor countries. (l.55-57)
These higher incomes have led to greater capital
inflow, therefore generating employment for
people. [1]
Globalisation has led to the flow of skills and
scientific know-how from wealthier to less
developed nations. [1]
26. Lifted Paraphrased
..big US multinationals forcefully
impose US culture on the rest of the
world. (l.58-59)
Critics say that big American companies compel
other countries to adopt the American way of life.
[1]
The top global brands
change…declined significantly in
global terms (l.59-60)
Those that do well around the world
find they have to adapt to local
culture in order to succeed.(l.62-63)
However, established (American) companies have
witnessed a drop in international
standing/reputation. [1]
Those that thrive worldwide have to adjust to suit
the native way of life of the countries they operate
in. [1]
27. Lifted Paraphrased
...no brand is in the position of being
able to impose itself in a highly
competitive marketplace. (l.64-65)
No business is powerful enough to force its way of
doing things on others in the era of free
enterprise. [1]
