1. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Solution: Close Coupling
● Removing heat at the source saves energy
● Requires less fan horse power
● Enables variable speed fans
• Does not have to pressurize floor for air distribution
• Addresses varying heat loads
● Warmer air return
• Increases system capacity
• Reduces unit quantities
• Requires less space
● Enables High Density
• Future proofing for unknown densities
• Fully utilize expensive floor space
What is the cost of one additional rack if you are outWhat is the cost of one additional rack if you are out
of space in the data center?of space in the data center?
2. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Close Coupling Cooling
3. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Basic In-Row™ Design
InfraStruXure® InRow RC
InRow™ air
conditioner Can operate on hard
floor or raised floor
Hot-aisle air enters
from rear preventing
mixing
Cold air is supplied to
the cold aisle
Heat captured and
rejected to chilled
water
Low or No air mixing
4. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
R & D leads the way
● Powerful new tools – CFD analysis
● “Out of the box” approaches driven by reality, not tradition
● Partnerships with chip/server manufacturers
● Professional focus by mechanical engineers through ASHRAE
● Market opportunity
Manufacturers have solutions that work will work up to 45 KW per rack,
now!
5. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Which leads to a real solutions………..
The secret is treating heat at
it’s source.
6. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
CFD Allows us to see success
7. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
And failure……………
8. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Hot-Aisle CI Calculations
Hot-Aisle CI
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
Concentration
Rack
900 cfm
Cooler
2000 cfm
From other racks or room
environment
Escapes coolers
%78
900
2000
35.0
900
702
=⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
==
cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm
CI
900 cfm
C=1
198 cfm
C=1
2000 cfm
C=0.35
1298 cfm
C=0
702 cfm
C=1
CI=78%
9. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Designing Data Centers
With CI
● Compute CI for every rack in
data center
● Ideally, automated in CFD
tool
● Generally, with local coolers
or return vents, hot-aisle CI
preferred
• “Room-neutral” strategy
• Focus on equipment bounding a
hot aisle
● Can estimate cooling
performance exclusively with CI
(conservative)
CI
good
marginal
bad
10. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Rack-by-rack airflow analysis for various
failure conditions
in real time during designin real time during design
11. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Capacity Manager Product Design
Benefits
Rack elevations
Easy to use rack front view
enables accurate and detailed
representation of equipment
location
Airflow analysis
Locate new devices without
overheating new or existing
equipment by simulating
changes in; supply
temperature, airflow and
number of cooling units
Available capacity
Understand available capacity by
calculating actual space, power and
cooling consumption against data
center architecture constraints
Physical equipment
provisioning
Quickly locate the optimum spot for
that next server based on space,
cooling and power needs
Design analysis
Model the effects of and
compare alternative layouts
through detailed design analysis
Capacity Grouping
Specify architecture capabilities
to; match IT equipment with
availability needs ad avoid
stranded space, power and
cooling capacity
12. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
In-Row Cooling
● Cooling systems are placed within IT rows instead of at the room leve
● Inherently higher power density capability than room designs
● Fan power is reduced by 50%
● Needless dehumidification / rehumidification is eliminated (saving millions of gallons of
water per year per MW). Hi ΔT is good!
● Need for high-bay areas and raised floors are reduced or eliminated (particularly for
small installations)
● Cooling capacity can “follow” IT loads that move due to Virtualization / server power
management
● Low mixing of Cool Air back into CRAC w/ Low ΔT!
Electrical savings possibility: 7-15%
For new designs;
Exceptional for high density designs
13. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Room Row Rack
Cooling Architectures
● The two main cooling equipment functions are to…
● Provide the bulk cooling capacity
● Distribute the air to the IT loads
● The major difference in architectures lies in how they perform
the second task.
● Airflow is crudely constrained by room design, is not visible in
implementation, and varies considerably between installations.
Floor plans showing the basic concept of room,
row, and rack-oriented cooling architecture.
14. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Benefits Comparison of Cooling
Architectures Summary and Analysis
The modular rack-oriented architecture is the most flexible, fast to
implement, and achieves extreme density, but at the cost of
additional expense.
Room-oriented architecture is inflexible, time consuming to
implement, and performs poorly at higher density, but has cost and
simplicity advantages at lower density.
The modular row-oriented architecture provides many of the
flexibility, speed, and density advantages of the rack-oriented
approach, but with cost similar to the room-oriented architecture.
15. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Electrical Efficiency
Rack-oriented Architecture
Lower electrical costs
Room-oriented Architecture
Lower electrical costs with low power densities,
but dramatically increase with rising densities
Air needs to travel more distance
Power consumed by unit to mix air
Row-oriented Architecture
Lower electrical costs with higher power
densities
Closely coupled with heat load
Usable capacity sustained
16. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Water or Other Heat Transport Piping
Concern: Leakage due to water or refrigerant
piping being located with IT equipment, causing
leaks and therefore downtime.
Solution: Advances in piping technology
dramatically reduced chance of leakage and
improved reliability.
See APC White Paper 131 for more information.
17. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Location
Rack-oriented Architecture
Complete performance predictability
Minimal future planning requirements
Room-oriented Architecture
Performance affected by CRAC location
Future planning required
Row-Oriented Architecture
Smaller footprint
Lower TCO
18. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Redundancy
Rack-oriented Architecture
2 CRAC systems per rack
Highly effective for high density
Room-oriented Architecture
1 additional CRAC unit per room
Cost effective at low densities
Row-Oriented Architecture
1 additional CRAC unit per row
Lower TCO for high density
19. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Mixed Cooling Architecture
Room-oriented
Rack-oriented
Row-oriented
See APC White Paper #130, “The Advantages of Row and Rack-Oriented Cooling Architectures for Data Centers
20. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Exemple of a Hybrid Data Center
Environment
21. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Summary
● Room-oriented architecture has limitations in next generation
data centers.
● Row and rack-oriented architectures provide flexibility,
predictability, scalability, reduced power consumption, reduced
TCO, and optimum availability for next generation data centers.
● High density server technologies are best suited with row-
oriented architecture.
22. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Enclosing the Hot-aisle
Hot Aisle Ceiling
Tiles/Cable Trough
Seals in hot air, prevents
mixing with room air
Chamber Doors
Access to hot aisle, locks
for security. Prevents hot air
mixing
InRow RC unit
InRow air conditioner cools hot
exhaust air directly
23. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
Enclosing the Hot Rack
25. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
InRoom Introduction
Room level precision cooling solutions for all data center
environments
Efficient room cooling with a low cost of ownership
26. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
InRoom Applications
●Temperature Control
● +/- 1 OC
● Prevents overheating of equipment
21kW (6 ton) to 150kW (43 ton)
Humidity Control
+/- 3-5% R.H.
Eliminates static
discharge
Prevents Condensation
Filtration
30-85% (ASHRAE),
Efficient
Minimizes airborne
particles
High Volume Air Flow
Provides 2600 CFM (189
L/s)
Improves Air Distribution
Reduces localized hot
spots
27. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
InRoom Precision Cooling
● InRoom Air Cooled
● InRoom Chilled Water
● InRoom Glycol Cooled
● InRoom Air Cooled with Multi-Cool
● InRoom Glycol Cooled with Multi-
Cool
● InRoom Glycol with Economizer
InRoom Configurations
28. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
InRoom Precision Cooling
1000mm
39.37
1400mm
55.11
1750mm
68.90
2150mm
84.65
2550mm
100.39
21kW 31kW 45kW 61kW 86kW
21kW 31kW 45kW 61kW
A,G,ACW,GCW: =1 Refrigerant Circuit
GE = 1 Refrigerant Circuit
A,G,ACW,GCW = 2 Refrigerant Circuits
GE = 2 Refrigerant Circuits
InRoom Direct Expansion Capacities
29. APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date
InfraStruXure™ for Data Centers
InRoom Precision Cooling
1000mm
39.37
1400mm
55.11
1750mm
68.90
2150mm
84.65
2550mm
100.39
40kW 66kW 90kW 110kW 150kW
InRoom Chilled Water Capacities
Cooling Capacity
Return Air: 24’C/50%(75’F/50%)
Water: 7/12’C(44,6/53,6’F)