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This document provides two discussion questions about pathology and public health. Responses to the questions should be 100-150 words in length, written in complete sentences and paragraphs, and supported by references. The questions ask about how pathology has affected understanding of disease today and how public health and prevention in the U.S. differs between today and the 1900s.

Education

Respond to the discussion questions below. Your responses to
the questions should be composed in complete sentences and
paragraphs and be 100–150 words in length and ideas are to be
supported with references.
Consider the following questions based on the material in Unit
1:
What is the effect of pathology on today’s understanding of
disease?
How does the practice of public health and prevention differ
today from the 1900s in the United States?

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Respond for this posting one paragraph with two references and citation Agenda setting is a huge process that involves many steps. According to (Cobb, 2020), agenda setting takes three “streams”, these streams have to work together before a policy problem makes it on the agenda. These three streams are a problem, the solution presented, and the “political will to deal with it.” These three streams can involve a lot of work. First you have a problem, this problem is determined to be a problem by the citizens, government, etc. They prove it is a problem with data to support as evidence. This process alone is lengthy, requires a lot of research and data collection. Next is the solution, sometimes this may be the hardest part. We can have issues with a current policy but, not have a solution to change the policy. Then last you have to have the political support and willingness to deal with the issue. After these three streams are working together, then getting it put on the agenda take persistence and someone to push for it. Who would be an agenda maker? This could be several people. For one, progressives, these people feel strong about an issue and are persistent to push for change. Senate members also set agendas. They are presented with the problem and solution by regional government officials from state to state. These issues may include for example, the need for a COVID vaccine in Kentucky. This is the problem, with evidence of the number of COVID cases in the region. The solution is to obtain the vaccines, providing the statistics and resources to get them. Then the willingness for the senate member to work with this issue. According to (Milken, 2020), there are several different vaccines available, one being DNA based vaccination and another being inactivated virus. These are two vaccines that will be available in the next couple weeks. This agenda setting was successful, vaccines are being distributed now. The reason for the success was due to the mass casualties and illnesses reported all over the region. References Whitman Cobb, W. N. (2020). Political science today. (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Sage, CQ Press Milken Institute. (2020). Covid-19 Treatment and Vaccine Tracker. Retrieved from Milken Institute’s COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccine Tracker tracks the development of treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 at covid-19tracker.milkeninstitute.org #COVID19 #coronavirus #COVID19treatment #COVID19vaccine @MilkenInstitute @FirstPersonSF (Links to an external site.) .

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Respond by Day 7 to at least one of your colleagues' postings in one or more of the following ways: Ask a probing question. Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting. Offer and support an opinion. Validate an idea with your own experience. Make a suggestion. Expand on your colleague’s posting. Classmate: Tcj The two influences that have changed the nature of work are the continually evolving technology and all kinds of researched and invented tests. In the 1990s job performance was still searching for predictors that show workplace standard performance (Borman, Ilgen, & Klimoski, 2003). The world of work most importantly in the industrial and organizational psychology field focuses on human behavior in the workplace with the help of technology. New software’s and fast technologies have made an incredible change in the workplace and how the roles become more efficient and cost-effective in organizations. Databases and networking technology make it possible for operations to function effectively (Bridges, 1994). Additionally, new technology allows us to create automate both assembly and production lines to help cut human labor to increase production. As we grow in our work environments, services and technologies along with new trends have allowed the workforce to emerge and grow. The economy is on the rise with different organizations and firms Historically providing testing for different reasons still questions the data obtained and the variables. Researchers have done very well isolating tests to perform what it is intended to measure. Testing is used widely to fill certain job positions and seek certain characteristics in an individual for specialized careers. Mr. Alfred Binet who invented the first intelligence test commonly known today as the Binet-Simon scale. The French doctor specialized in a neurological lab in Paris then went to explore the field of psychology (Binet’s Intelligence Test, n.d.). .

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Respond by providing at least two contributions for improving or including in their Parent Guide and at least two things that you like about their guide. NOTE: Positive comment Main Discussion ADHD Parent Guide Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a chronic neurological disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. In 2016, it is estimated that 6.1 million or 9.4% of children had a diagnosis of ADHD ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , n.d.). A diagnosis of ADHD can be both confusing and welcomed. Confusing because the details of the diagnosis are unknown but welcomed because the parents and child finally have a “why” for the child’s difficulties. This parent guide will discuss the pathophysiolology, diagnosing, signs/symptoms, treatment options, and other aspects involved in an ADHD diagnosis. Pathophysiology Many research studies suggest ADHD may be caused by interactions between genes and environmental or non-genetic factors. Many cases of ADHD have a genetic origin. A child is 50% more likely to have ADHD if their parent was diagnosed with the condition and 25% of the children with ADHD have parents who have met the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD. Other factors that can contribute to ADHD is substance use, low birth weight, brain injuries and exposure to some environmental toxins. ADHD is a result of neurotransmitter disease dysfunction, that effect dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine has a role in a person's ability to learn and reinforcing trained response to various situations. Dopamine also plays and important role in "working memory"( Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , 2004). Norepinephrine effects a person's alertness and attention. Norepinephrine is activated by novel and important stimuli and are quiescent during sleep. Environmental factors of ADHD is a result of a toxin such as lead or other nuero-toxic substances that may result in delayed development of the child's brain before, during or birth. Substance abuse is a very common cause of pre- and perinatal factors that may result in ADHD. Exposure of the fetus to alcohol is associated with a reduction in the volume of the prefrontal and temporal cortices, the brain areas involved in regulation of attention and control of impulsivity. ( Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , 2004) Diagnosing ADHD While there is no single test to diagnosis ADHD, there are ways to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Who diagnosis ADHD? There are many health care professionals who are qualified to diagnose ADHD. These professionals include but are not limited to psychiatrist, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), licensed master social worker (LMSW), licensed professional counselor (LPC), neurologist, pediatricians, and primary care physicians. If there is a concern that a ch.

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Respond agree or disagree Vulnerabilities in system design can be detrimental to any network, large or small any flaw that can be exploited should not be taken lightly. Engineers generally assume that mechanisms serve their intended purpose. Is that always true? The “smarter” something is, the quicker we lose control and become fully dependent on it (Trofimova & Hoske, 2016). A vulnerability I found is a trust assumption and that is when a designer is aware of a security weakness and determining that a separate security control would compensate for it. However, trust assumptions are often implicit, such as creating a feature without first evaluating the risks it would introduce (Mozilla, 2018). This is something that when designing your system to not underestimate because as the article stated, these assumptions are often complicit and don't take every risk into account which could leave a window open to your system. Another is always consider the users, this means when designing your network take into account the people that will be using it on a daily basis (IEEE, 2014) Every system is different and complex and therefore requires the designer to know who his users are. The security stance of a software system is inextricably linked to what its users do with it. It is therefore very important that all security-related mechanisms are designed in a manner that makes it easy to deploy, configure, use, and update the system securely. Remember, security is not a feature that can simply be added to a software system, but rather a property emerging from how the system was built and is operated (IEEE, 2014). Trofimova, E., & Hoske, M. T. 1. [email protected] co. (2016). Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=117494073&site=ehost-live&scope=site Mozilla. (2018). Vulnerabilities. Retrieved from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Information_Security_Basics/Vulnerabilities IEEE. (2014). Avoiding the top 10 software security design flaws. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b291/be7d567d63dc60043a8cb1fbbfcfe8d18c83.pdf Respond agree or disagree System design vulnerabilities occurs very often and attackers or exploit hunters are always on the hunt for any opportunities that are presented. During the process a product is being developed it is very important to incorporate cybersecurity and quality control teams. This incorporation has brought a new wave that I have seen and currently experiencing in my current role, DevOps. DevOps is a team where Developers and Operations work together to produce a finished product that has been through QA and cybersecurity teams have also made suggestions and participated during the production. Developers are great at what they do, but often they forfeit some security best practice to make something on their end work. Also, the risk of developers to forget, or simply disregard any input validation thro.

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Respond by Day 5 to at least one of your colleagues' postings in one or more of the following ways: Ask a probing question. Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting. Offer and support an opinion. Validate an idea with your own experience. Make a suggestion. Expand on your colleague’s posting. Classmate TH Being the future of this field it is important to understand, recall, and reflect on the historical significance of those who have pioneered the trails that we shall follow. Within historical bounds it is important to understand and have a working knowledge of the work that those pioneers have performed ahead of us, which will all for a better product of consultation. When I recall historical significance within our field I think of the work of Dr. Stanley Silverman and how he was instrumental in the development of the WARS system. The WARS system was developed in conjunction with the University of Michigan in efforts to identify arrogance within organizational leadership. It has been fabled (and later proven fact) that good team members do not typically leave jobs they enjoy, rather the cause of departure is leadership they have problems. The works of Dr. Stanley have proven these speculations time and time again, through his works with some of the most public institutions known today (ie: Disney Entertainment). Through the development of items such as the WARS system work place synergism has been possible for many organizations when faced with adversity within a chain of command and/or leadership structure. I have been employed in public service for nearly 20 years (it is truly the only career I have ever known). I like many of my tenured colleagues have rose through our ranks from entry level paramedics to high ranking leadership positions. I no longer have high ranking "brass" ever since I decided to modify my career path in efforts to lessen demands and stress. I now fly on medical helicopters in PA and NJ as a crew member which allows my to pursue my true passions of medicine and aviation. The organization which I was part of the prior leadership structure had many safe guards in place to ensure that we all worked as a team in addition to staying "grounded" as managers with certain types of authorities that the "rank and file" did not. We met twice a year with a consultant from Penn State University who would lead various discussion on effective communication. The results which we experienced in staff satisfaction surveys in addition to annual reviews proved to us that this basic training was needed and was effective. .

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Respond agree or disagree There is still an argument that whether the cloud system provides better security or not. The author clearly states that, the risk management depends on the deployment factors and security infrastructure existing in the organization. The writer also indicates about risk equation to evaluate the pros and cons of cloud regarding risk management and vulnerability (Lindstrom, 2015). Pros of Cloud in Risk Management and Vulnerability Scale and Flexibility: Since the need for cloud increases, the importance of managing vulnerability, considering risk management and other important factors also grows dramatically (Zhang, 2017). Coverage and Visibility: In cloud system, there is a high possibility of coverage and visibility of assets, security and polices and guidelines that will help to understand the risk management and vulnerability of the cloud (Zhang, 2017) Proactive Response: Security can be embedded during deployment and will provide a better protection method proactively (Zhang, 2017). Cons of Cloud in Risk Management and Vulnerability Change in Level of Threat: Due to the availability of the data to more people, there is more activity going on. Attackers use this opportunity to find vulnerability and make an attack. The threat increases once the data is available in the internet (Lindstrom, 2015). Attackers Cost Benefit: Attackers do not spend more time by research and training. They always calculate their benefit. So, when data is available in the cloud, hackers will get good opportunity to attack the cloud (Lindstrom, 2015). Deployment Risk: There is a high chance of vulnerability when the application environment is moving from the legacy system to highly distributed, virtualized architecture. The author also explains the possibility of collateral damage simply because the public cloud system is shared with others (Lindstrom, 2015). Lindstrom, P. (2015). Better Cloud Security: Do the Math. Information security, 12-16. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail vid=0&sid=1ad4da93-9ce3-40be-a335-002e2cfe796d%40sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aci&AN=108883675 Zhang, E. (2017, August, 31). Cloud Computing Security Benefits: InfoSec Pros Reveal the Top Benefits of the Cloud. Retrieved from https://digitalguardian.com/blog/cloud computing-security-benefits .

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Respond 250 Do you think IGOs create a convergence of state interest? Convergence of state interest goes along the same line as socialization with both influenced by interact with other entities (Greenhill 2010, Tanninchev 2015). I think of two examples; US/Soviet cessation of the Cold War (Horelick 1989) and the UK/North Ireland Good Friday Agreement (Mageean and O’Brien 1998). Since the inception of the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union faced off across the globe both economically (free market versus communism) and militarily (the Cuban Missle Crisis nearly escalated into nuclear war). Robert McNamara, for Secretary of Defense under President Johnson agrued “that the more each reacted to the other’s escalation, the more they had chosen “an insane road to follow.” (Department of State n.d.). Both countries distrusted one another deeply and sought influence around the globe. SALT I and II (never ratified but agreed upon) sought to limit further escalation and stabilize relations (ibid). The Good Friday Agreements (Kelly n.d.) brought an end to the period known as The Troubles in Northern Ireland. Factions on both sides, Westminister and Belfast, finally agreed to end hostilities with consessions made on both sides. The landmark deal, chaired by Senator George Mitchell at the behest of President Clinton, was the first unification step subsequently follwoed by several other agreements (Landow and Sergie 2020). This question recalled just one country and its effort towards socialization and that is post WWII Germany. By any reasonable standard, Germany’s post war reconciliation (Rienzi 2015, Johns Hopkins 2015) and reintegration into the global community is the benchmark for other countries to emulate (Evans 2018). Its turn around post-World War II enabled it to be a world leader today. Greenhill (2010) determined, “IGOs can change state behavior through a process of socialization calls for a more optimistic assessment of the effects of participation in international institutions”. In Germany’s case, he is on point though it was considerable internal effort that put the country toward its current status (Rienzi 2015, Johns Hopkins 2015, Evans 2018). His basic point is laying with dogs will get you fleas. I believe, overall, this is true. Greenhill states, “...socialization effects refer to behavioral changes that presumably come about through changes in the actors’ interest” (2010). However, outliers show the limited effect of OIGs. Russia, North Korea and China, are all members of numerous IGOs but all still have questionable human rights records (HRW n.d.) (HRW n.d.) (HRW n.d.). They are certainly not the only countries with questionable records but, I observe, they are the ones most focused on by the international community. Socialization can occurs but the countries must pursue change, sometimes with help (sanctions) (McMahon 2006), and sometimes with internal forces (Rienzi 2015). This question certain.

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Respiratory Attendance Questions Due: 1/14 at 6p Please answer the 5 questions below for attendance credit. Submit your answers to the proper assignment folder. Please do not share work. Respiratory illnesses account for the majority of acute illness in children. Typically, four variables influence a child’s respiratory illness. Describe each of these four variables and how they impact a child’s respiratory illness. You are the nurse tasked with providing Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) teaching to the parents of an asthmatic child. Please identify key teaching points you would include when presenting this information to the parents. What is a peak flow meter and what do the results mean in the care of the pediatric patient? Identify and explain the responsibilities of the members of Interprofessional Care Team necessary for the effective management of a patient with Cystic Fibrosis. Explain the pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis and identify the primary causation for the clinical manifestations a child might experience. .

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Resource: Page 69 of Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship , Ch. 4 (attached) Competitive advantage according to Hisrich and Kearney (2014) requires organizations to engage in six processes to maintain innovation. Organizations like Google™, Amazon, Apple®, Android, Facebook®, Siri®, Virgin Group®, Microsoft®, and eBay® have done this successfully. Select an organization other than those listed above (Google™, Amazon, Apple®, Android, Facebook®, Siri®, Virgin Group®, Microsoft®, and eBay®) to explore competitive advantage and the six processes to maintain innovation discussed in Hisrich and Kearney (2014). Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze how the selected organization is meeting the concepts of Competitive Advantages as outlined in Hisrich and Kearney (2014), on page 69 and also include in your analysis information about the following: The organizational leadership philosophy on innovation. Activities the organization is actively engaged in to sustain competitive advantage within its industry. R&D initiatives the organization is involved in for long-term competitive advantage. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. .

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Respond & Disagree ! Try to choose a post that you respectfully disagree with. Respond from the perspective of either a union member or the manager of an organization. If your peer provided a real-world example, respond from the opposing perspective referred to in your peer's post. How does the role and purpose of the modern union need to be redefined to effectively serve its membership? “Unions must work to maximize solidarity by empowering unit members, and prioritizing issues based on worker perspectives, unit composition, and geography” (Herbert, 2019). With the option to opt out of the union along with the dues (in the public sector), the employee needs to see the value of remaining in the bargaining unit. This means that the union must be responsive to members concerns at the local level. How does the presence of a union influence the job of the HR professional? In my current position as an HR professional, I work with 8 different unions as well as a group that is unrepresented. Each group has its own pay scales and benefits package that they have negotiated. I have to make sure that they are implemented and maintained correctly. This can be complicated with each group having different rules for overtime, step increases, longevity, paid time off, and special pay for certain duties. We have policies but the collective bargaining agreements (CBA) supersede some of them. When an issue arises, I look at the appropriate CBA and relevant policies to determine the correct course of action. When supervisors meet with employees and the meeting could lead to corrective action, the employee has the right to have a representative from the union at the meeting. This requires that meetings be planned and scheduled. When a contract comes up for bargaining, HR is at the table and it requires significant work in preparing data and negotiating. We also have to make sure that our non-represented group has fair and equitable treatment even though they are not represented. .

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Respond to one of the following question using the lessons and vocabulary found in the reading. Project Management Basics Question 1 Analyze a project you have worked on. The project may have been at home, at work, or in other settings (for example, church or school). Answer the following questions when you describe the project: Explain how the project originated. Was the process used to initiate and manage the project formal or informal? Analyze how this affected the outcome. Describe the difficulties you encountered while completing your project. How did you overcome that? Evaluate the final outcome of the project. Evaluate how the project was managed. Provide recommendations on improving the system. Question 2 Describe the roles of the following project stakeholders: Project manager, Project sponsor, Team members. Question 3 Describe the relationship between a project manager and a project sponsor. Who is ultimately responsible for the success of a project, the project manager or the project sponsor? Explain. Question 4 Define the following terms and explain how these terms are specific and unique to the practice of project management: Project, Program, Project management Question 5 Discuss the various project management process groups (initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing) and explain how they relate to the phases of a PLC. The final paragraph (three or four sentences) of your initial post should summarize the one or two key points that you are making in your initial response. Justify your answers with examples and reasoning. Comment on the postings and views of at least two peers. Your posting should be the equivalent of 1 to 2 pages (500–1000 words) in length. .

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Respond 1 Impetigo The purpose of this discussion is to review impetigo. Impetigo can be mistaken for other skin conditions such as herpes simplex. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify what it is. Impetigo is a skin disorder that is superficial in nature. It can spread from person to person and on other parts of the body (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020). Pathophysiology The main form of transmission is direct contact. The infection is caused by bacteria (CDC, 2020). Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent in older children. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci also causes impetigo (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Interruption in the skin barrier allows the bacteria to access fibronectin receptors in the skin, which is needed for colonization (Nardi & Schaefer, 2020). Infection is further spread by itching due to the irritable nature of the lesions. Autoinoculation with hand creates more vesicles (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). The Most Common Presenting Symptoms Impetigo can be found on any part of the body (CDC, 2020). However, it is mostly seen on the face (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Small red vesicles quickly become larger. The vesicles break open and forms a yellowish-brown crust. Liquid with honey colored appearance is seen under the crusts (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Routinely Diagnosed Impetigo is diagnosed by initial observation of an abnormality in the skin during a physical exam. The diagnosis can be confirmed with a bacterial culture, especially if there is an epidemic or if methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) is a concern. A biopsy of the skin can be obtained in some cases of untreatable impetigo (Nardi & Schaefer, 2020). Serologic testing for streptococcus antibodies is not done since anti-streptolysin O (ASO) response is not strong enough for diagnosing impetigo in this manner. Nonetheless, it can be used in conditions where post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is questioned for patients who had a new outbreak of impetigo (Nardi & Schaefer, 2020). Otherwise lab testing is not needed (CDC, 2020). Standard Treatment Plan Impetigo is managed with antibiotics since it is a bacterial infection. Administration of antibiotic drugs is needed in cases where the infection is extensive. Otherwise the topical cream is prescribed when the infection is in a mild state (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). If left untreated, the infection will resolve on its own. However, treatment with antibiotics decreases complications (Nardi & Schaefer, 2020). Prior to applying topical antibiotic cream, soap and water should be used to remove the crust. The treatment of choice with antibiotic cream are mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Otherwise, preferred treatment with systemic antibiotics are amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporins, dicloxacillin (Nardi & Schaefer, 2020). Link(s) to Routine Screening and Treatment Guidelines National screening guidelines for impetigo was not found. Howev.

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Respond to the following 2 prompts below.. 1. According to Maxwell (2007), “…leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less” (p. 11). Do you agree or disagree? Explain. 2. Maxwell (2007) challenges you to use your responses to the following questions to determine your methods of influence. “What do you rely upon most to persuade people to follow you? Rate yourself 1 (not a factor) to 10 (continual reliance). o Character – who you are o Relationships – who you know o Knowledge – what you know o Intuition – what you feel o Experience – where you have been o Past Success – what you have done o Ability – what you can do How can you capitalize on your strong methods of influence (those with high scores)? How can you optimize or better utilize your methods of influence with low scores? APA format 400 words Due Friday May 17, 2019 .

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Respiratory illnesses account for the majority of acute illness in children. Typically, four variables influence a child’s respiratory illness. Describe each of these four variables and how they impact a child’s respiratory illness. You are the nurse tasked with providing Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) teaching to the parents of an asthmatic child. Please identify key teaching points you would include when presenting this information to the parents. What is a peak flow meter and what do the results mean in the care of the pediatric patient? Identify and explain the responsibilities of the members of the Interprofessional Care Team necessary for the effective management of a patient with Cystic Fibrosis. Explain the pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis and identify the primary causation for the clinical manifestations a child might experience. .

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Respond to the first two student posts in 75 word Jason post One way the environment might negatively affect my health is through second-hand smoke from the air. Secondhand smoke comes from “burning tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes” (CDC, 2018). Secondhand smoke increases the risk for heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke (CDC, 2018). One step I can take to protect my health is to reduce the chance of exposure. Avoiding areas where people are allowed to smoke cigarettes will significantly limit my exposure to tobacco smoke. Another way the environment can negatively affect my health is through hazards at my workplace. I work in a hospital which deals with infections on a daily basis. In order to reduce my risk for acquiring an infection at a hospital, I must be diligent with sanitation and sterilization. Hand washing is the best way to reduce transmission of infection. Maintaining precautions with patients and sterilizing tools between use is also very important. Eating undercooked food is another way my health can be negatively affected. Many foods, especially meats, need to be heated to a certain temperature, usually 165 degrees Fahrenheit, before they are deemed safe to eat. Failure to do so may result in acquiring some microorganism that has been cultured on the food; this microorganism could then enter the body and cause damage to the immune system and other organs (CDC, 2019). Bethany post There have always been some obvious hazards in our daily lives that we take certain measures to avoid, but after reading this week’s resources, I was enlightened on some different hazardous exposures that I was not initially aware of. Working in the medical field, we pride ourselves on being sterile and clean to prevent the spreading of germs and diseases. This also comes along with daily exposure to highly chemical induced cleaning supplies. In my medical clinic we specifically use Sani-Cloth germicidal disposable wipes to wipe down all of our equipment daily. This product specifically contains dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides and dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, both which have the precaution of being hazardous to humans and animals. The biggest protective measure I use with this product is donning personal protective equipment, or basically wearing gloves before handling the wipes to limit direct contact exposure and dermal absorption. Water quality is another important factor in our daily health because we all need water to survive. I feel that it is always difficult to determine the quality of water you are getting from different sources and what they claim to be clean or purified. Public water fountains are usually connected to public water systems that have the potential to contain additional fluoride pollution or run-off from chemicals and pesticides used near water sources. The best way I have found to protect myself from water pollution is to carry my own water with me when going ou.

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Respond to the below post using correct APA format and at least 2 peer reviewed references. Responsibilities of the board of directors Board members are charged with the public’s trust in guiding nonprofit organizations in an effective and efficient manner including financial oversight, organizational strategy, and assisting in the development of resources. The effectiveness of an organization’s board is likely to have a direct influence on the organization’s overall performance (Worth, 2014). There are at least seven best practices for the boards of directors including policy information, strategic planning, program monitoring, financial planning, resource procurement, board development, and dispute resolution (Miller-Millesen, 2003). The more involved the board is in developing the organization’s mission and in strategic planning (participating in meetings and committees), the better the influence the board can have on organizational performance ( Nienhüser, 2008) . Theories affecting board behavior There is much insight in regards to what a board of directors should do; what is actually put in to practice can be much more complex. Nonprofit boards of directors are likely to engage in behaviors that embrace the assumptions of three different theoretical perspectives: agency theory, resource dependence theory, and institutional theory. The agency theory stresses separating ownership from control. Under agency theory the board focuses on strategic contribution above all else. Mission development, strategic planning, program evaluation, executive recruitment, and resource allocation are all key elements directed by the board of the directors (Hodge, & Piccolo, 2011). Decisions are made by the board and are to be executed and implemented by the management of the organization. Managers, under agency theory, are expected to act in ways that further the interests of the owners or shareholders (Hodge, & Piccolo, 2011). By keeping the implementation of decisions independent from the management a clear hierarchal structure is constructed that bests aligns with the interests of the shareholders. Furthermore, while it is important for the board to rely on the chief executive for expertise, the board has a responsibility to guard against managerial opportunism and an obligation to ensure that the organization has a positive presence in the community (Miller-Millesen, 2003). Resource dependency theory is responsive to resource-based pressure. The board performs fundamental functions in resource dependence theory that are based around gathering information for the betterment of the organization ( Nienhüser, 2008). The board focuses on developing relationships with outside sources to reduce uncertainty. The board uses the information to remain adaptable for competitive purposes. Also, the board maintains control of the organization’s public image. Institutional theory influences boards to embrace the norms, values, beliefs, and expectations of similar org.

Respond to the below post using correct APA format and at least 2 pe.docx

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Respond to the colleague's post detailed below, with a discussion of why the evaluation of policies is often controversial and political and how the values of evaluation conflict adhere to social work values. What policy advocacy skills can social workers use to ensure that appropriate evaluations are being conducted on policies? RE: Discussion 1 - Week 11 COLLAPSE A response to Jansson's assertion that evaluating specific policies is strongly influenced by values with respect to the case of the evaluation of special services. According to Jansson (2018), an example of roadblocks in passing a research-based policy was given where an advocate performed an 18 month-long study on families that had been broken up receiving special services. In this study, the advocate found that even though her research showed that the services cut the overall costs of the governing bodies providing for the children and led to more families being reunified, she may still encounter decision makers actively arguing against the implementation of her policy calling for more funding towards special services. This assertion by the author of the textbook seems to hold weight as it has been found that, in previous cases of attempted policy implementation, decision makers have often prioritized their values over the research that is presented in front of them. For example, in cases where advocates wish to pass a needle exchange program, decision makers still vote against the policy and claim that a program such as this will only increase drug usage by individuals, despite the data showing the opposite effect happening (p. 493-495). How the values of evaluation conflict adhere to social work values In trying to perform the best possible research to back up a proposal for a policy, sometimes the individual performing the research may place more importance on goals of the research that should not be as important as others (Jansson, 2018, p. 494). A social worker may place more importance on cost-saving measures of a policy over the course of their research, rather than the overall well-being of the individuals who are subject to the research, which may conflict with core social work values. According to the NASW Code of Ethics (2017), a core value of social work is to advocate for social justice and fight for those populations that experience oppression and are vulnerable (2017). If a social worker prioritizes the cost efficiency of a policy to appease to the values of the decision makers over seeing if the policy is indeed helpful to the populations that it seeks to serve, then there exists a conflict between the evaluation of a policy and the overall social work values. However, it is important for advocates to make sure that any research being performed on potential policies have goals that are aligned with the core values of social work, namely that these policies advocate against social injustice for vulnerable populations, recognize the importance of relati.

Respond to the colleagues post detailed below, with a discussio.docx

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RESPOND TO THE 3 POST BELOW WITH A MINIMUM OF 250 WORDS EACH AND LIST REFERENCES USED PER EACH. RESPONSE 1 (SYLVIA): Part 1 One experiment that always stands out in my mind in terms of ethics is Milgram’s experience on obedience and authority. Perhaps this draw comes from the almost militant quality this experiment has in the regards to how far the human psyche can be pushed in response to authoritative prompting. Another fascination I have in regards to this experiment is that Milgram sought out to test how far someone could be pushed past their own personal coconscious beliefs when prompted by an authority figure in an effort to bring some insight to the German soldiers who stated they were just following orders during the horrific events that took place during WWII. In doing so he pushed volunteers from differing backgrounds and professions to administer increasing levels of shock to another human being (or so they thought) as directed by an experiment authority figure. While no individual was actually shocked during this experiment, there was psychological harm done to those who were being directed to administer the shock. Many of these individuals had saw some of their darker potentials to inflict harm on another human being (something that they did not think they were capable of prior to this experiment) and suffered short- and long-term psychological distress as a result. While I do believe there is undeniable insight gained from this experiment and the potential we all have in respect to how far we may go when we believe or trust the person of authority above us, I can see that it came with a cost. Looking back, I think that perhaps the participants could have been better prepared by informing them that they may be put in “high-stress” situations which may affect them after the testing has been completed. I believe an immediate de-briefing could have been done to allow the participants to be fully aware that no individuals were harmed during the testing and have proper support on hand to help resolve any traumatic activations that may have taken place during the experiment, as well as long term access to these professionals should they have further questions or need further support. If I were the researcher this is the route I would have taken to ensure first and foremost my volunteer participants ar3e taken care of to the best of my ability. Part 2 This course has been a great expansion of my knowledge in regards to the influences that social culture has on the field of psychology. One element that stands out to me is the influence of pop culture and marketing persuasion on our culture. Although the documentary video we had watched covering this topic was quite dated, it was eye opening to see how far the reaches of pop culture had on the way we act and interact within our communities on a pretty deep level. It was also startling to see how far some of these major companies were willing to go to capture the next “big thing”.

RESPOND TO THE 3 POST BELOW WITH A MINIMUM OF 250 WORDS EACH AND.docx

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RESPOND TO THE 3 POST BELOW WITH A MINIMUM OF 250 WORDS EACH AND LIS.docx

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Respond to colleagues in the following ways· Compare the .docx

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