This document outlines a study on standardizing hybrid seed production techniques and the effect of growth regulators and crossing period on flowering and quality of chilli hybrid Arka Meghana. The study involves two experiments: 1) examining the effect of time of pollination on stigma receptivity, and 2) studying the effect of growth regulators and crossing period on flowering, seed yield, and quality. Key observations to be recorded include days to flowering, peak flowering, fruit characteristics, seed yield, and plant growth parameters. The data will be statistically analyzed to draw conclusions on optimizing hybrid seed production of chilli.

1. STANDARDIZTION OF HYBRID SEED
PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND EFFECT OF
GROWTH REGULATORS AND CROSSING
PERIOD IN FLOWERING AND QUALITY OF
CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) HYBRID CULTIVAR
ARKA MEGHANA.
PRESENTATION BY
B. PAVAN KUMAR
NAIK

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID
 OBJECTIVES
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 DETAILED PROGRAMME OF
RESEARCH
 OBSERVATIONS RECORDED
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the
important spice crop of the worlds and is
widely cultivated throughout warm
temperature, tropical and subtropical
countries.
 It is an important condiment used for
imparting pungency and colour to the food
being rich in vitamin C, oleoresin and red
pigment. The active principle of pungency is
capsaicin, which is a mixture of alkaloid
components.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID
 The exploitation of heterosis, has led to the
development of hybrid, varies in a number of
vegetable crops, including capsicum.
 The use of hybrid seed has become popular.
 Labour intensive process.
 Chilli hybrids have the advantage of high
potential yield and earliness. Both public and
private sectors are actively associated with
the development of chilli hybrids.

5. Conti.,
 Capsicum peppers are the most consumed
vegetables or spices that are known for their
pungency, pigment, and nutrition content.
 Perucka and Materska (2001) described these
compounds as vanillylamides of branched fatty
acids, with 9-11 carbons, of which capsaicin and
dihydrocapsaicin are the predominant compounds
that are responsible for the spiciness of pepper.
 Peppers are known for their rich ascorbic acid
content and this ascorbic acid is one of the
powerful antioxidant agents that are having a
number of health promoting functions (Bosland
and Votava 2000

6. OBJECTIVES
 1. To know the time of pollination on
stigma receptivity of seed parent.
 2. Effect of growth regulators and
crossing period in flowering, seed yield
and quality of chilli hybrid.
 3. To determine the capsaicin and ascorbic
acid in chilli hybrid (Arka Meghana).

7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Dempsey and Boynnton (1962) reported that the time
of day, fertilizer status of the plant and age of the
plants may affect stigma receptivity.
 Mandal et al. (1997) concluded that for production of
hybrid seed in brinjal, pollination should be done in
the month of October and November preferably in the
forenoon between 9:00 am to 12:00 pm
 Samuel et al. (2013) showed the highest ascorbic acid
content (189 mg/100 FW) and the accession CA 97
showed the lowest ascorbic acid contents (55.3
mg/100 FW). The variability in capsaicin and ascorbic
acid content presented in the pepper germplasm can
be exploited for breeding cultivars with improved
nutritional qualities in Bayadaggi kaddi variety.

8. Conti.,
 Nicholas and May (1964) stated that
applied gibberellic acid decisively
increased level of endogenous gibberellin
and helped in floral initiation in chilli.
 Basavaraj (2006) sprayed NAA 10 ppm
recorded higher germination (89.25%),
root length, shoot length, seedling vigour
index, seedling dry weight in bhendi.

9. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 POLLEN COLLECTION
 STIGMA RECEPTIVITY
 POLLINATION

10. DETAILED PROGRAMME OF
RESEARCH
 Experiment 1: Effect of time of pollination on stigma
receptivity of seed parent.
 Experimental details
 Factor 1: Days after emasculation (D)
 D1: Pollination on same day of emasculation (No stigma
starvation)
 D2: Pollination one day after emasculation
 D3: Pollination two days after emasculation
 Fcator 2: Time of pollination (T)
 T1: 6:00 AM to 9:00AM
 T2: 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM
 T3: 3:00 PM to 6:00 PM
 Treatment combinations 3 x 3 =9

11. Conti.,
 Replication: 3
 Season : Kharif
 Design : Randomized Block Design
(factorial)
 Spacing : 60 cm x 60 cm
 Plot size
Gross plot size : 4.2 m x 3.6 m
Net plot size : 3 m x 3 m

12. Observations Recorded
 Number of flowers crossed per plant
 Number of crossed fruits per fruits per plant
 Fruit set percentage
 Fruit length (cm)
 Fruit girth (cm)
 Fruit weight per plant (g)
 Seed weight per fruit (g)
 Number of seeds per fruit
 Seed yield per fruit (g)
 1000 seed weight (g)
 Shoot length (cm)
 Root length (cm)
 Plant yield (g)

13. Conti.,
 Experiment 2: Effect of growth regulators and
crossing period of flowering, seed yield and
quality of chilli hybrid.
 Experimental details:
 Factor 1: Growth regulators (G)
 G1: GA3 @50 ppm
 G2: NAA @ 20 PPM
 G3: 2, 4-D @ 1PPM
 G4: Control
 Factor 2: Crossing periods (P)
 P1: 45 days
 P2: 60 days

14. Conti.,
 Design : RBD (Factorial concept)
 Season : Kharif
 Spacing : 60 cm x 60 cm
 Plot size : Gross plot size : 4.2 m x 3.6
m
 Net plot size : 3 m x 3 m
 Time of spray: Before initiation of
flowering and fruit initiation
 Number of sprays: 2

15. Observations Recorded
 Days to initiation of flowering
 Days to 50% flowering
 Peak flowering

16. STATISTICALANALYSIS:
 The experimental data were statistically
analysed as per the methods outlined by
Panse and Sukhatme (1978) an
Sundararajan et al. (1972) adopting the
analysis of variance technique appropriate
to the level of treatments and the data
were formulated.

17. CONCLUSION
 Chilli is one of the fruit vegetables
grown commercially in India. In recent
years rapid exploitation of heterosis
led to release of number of hybrids for
commercial cultivation. There is a
great demand for quality seeds of chilli
hybrids in southern states of India.
Therefore there is a need to
standardize hybrid seed production
technology.

18. REFERENCE
 Dempsey, W. H. and Boyton, J. E. 1962, Effect of
time of day on controlled pollination. Report of the
Tomato Genetics Co-operative, 12: 23-24.
 Mandal, S.C., Singh, Y. V. and Harihar Ram, 1997,
Effect of pollination time on fruit setting in hybrid
seed crop of chilli. Haryana J. of Horti. Sci., 26 (1-2):
140-142.
 Nicholas, B. B. and May, L. H., 1964, Stusies on the
growth of barley apex. 2. On the initiation of
internode elongation in the inflorescence. Aust. J.
Biol., 17:619-630.
 Basavaraj, M., 2006, Studies on hybrid seed
production of bhendi. M.sc (Agri.) Thesis, Uni. Agril.
Sci., Dharwad.