Crop Wild Relatives of Chickpea

1. ROLE OF WILD RELATIVES IN CHICKPEA
IMPROVEMENT
Timuchin Shah
BREEDING PULSE CROPS
PBG : 603
3(2 – 2)
Sir Fahad Wattoo

2. ROLE OF WILD RELATIVES IN CHICKPEA IMPROVEMENT
• Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs)
1. Plant Genetic Diversity
2. Global Food Security
3. Potential to Avert Disaster
4. Climate Change Adaptation
5. Building Block for Breeding

3. ROLE OF WILD RELATIVES IN CHICKPEA IMPROVEMENT

5. WILD RELATIVES OF CHICKPEA
• Wild Relatives : The
genus Cicer comprises one cultivated
species, the chickpea (Cicer arietinum),
and 42 wild species.
• Primary Genepool : 3 Annual Species
• Secondary Genepool : 3 Annual
Species
• Tertiary Genepool : 3 Annual Species +
34 Perennial Species

6. PRIMARY GENEPOOL
• PRIMARY GENEPOOL :
1. Cicer arietinum
2. Cicer Reticulatum
3. Cicer Echinospermum

7. PRIMARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer reticulatum
• Trait of Interest : Biotic Stresses
• Fungal Resistances : Ascochyta, Fusarium wilt, Botrytis gray mold,
and Phytopthora resistance screening.
• Research Strategy : Phenotypic Characterization, QTL and GWAS mapping.
• References : Amalraj et al., 2019; Frenkel et al., 2010; Infantino et al., 1996; Kaiser,
Alcala-Jimenez, Hervas-Vargas, Trapero-Casas, & Jimenez-Diaz, 1994; Kaur et
al., 2012; Ozkilinc et al., 2011; Singh & Ocampo, 1997; Singh et al., 1998;
Stamigna, Crino, & Saccardo, 2000; Stevenson & Haware, 1999

8. PRIMARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer echinospermum
• Trait of Interest : Viral Resistances
• Insect Resistances : Helicoverpa, leaf miner screening
• Nematode Resistance : Pratylenchus thornei & Pratylenchus
neglectus historic screening
• Research Strategy : RNAseq Analysis
• References : Sharma, Pampapathy, Lanka, & Ridsdill-
Smith, 2005a, 2005b; Singh & Ocampo, 1997; Singh et al., 1998

9. SECONDARY GENEPOOL
• SECONDARY GENEPOOL :
1. Cicer Judaicum
2. Cicer pinnatifidum
3. Cicer bijugum

10. SECONDARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer judaicum
• Trait of Interest : Root traits
• Research Strategy : Root depth and density
Wild Relative : Cicer bijugum
• Trait of Interest : Salt Tolerance (Abiotic Stress)
• Present Status : Not tested in wild chickpea.
• References : Vadez et al., ICRISAT

11. SECONDARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer pinnatifidum
• Trait of Interest : Abiotic Stresses
• Cold Tolerance : Vegetative cold and reproductive chilling tolerance
• Present Status : Screening studies historic and underway in GRDC funded projects at CSIRO
• Research Strategy : Agroecological collection sites in extreme environments for vegetative
and reproductive phases
• References : Berger et al., 2005; Singh et al., 1990, 1995; Singh et al., 1998; Toker, 2005, Baute
et al., 2015; Li et al., 2013, Berger et al., 2005; Singh et al., 1990, 1995; Singh et al., 1998;
Toker, 2005, Baute et al., 2015; Li et al., 2013

12. TERTIARY GENEPOOL
• TERTIARY GENEPOOL :
1. Cicer yamashitae
2. Cicer chorassanicum
3. Cicer cuneatum
& 34 perennial species

13. TERTIARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer yamashitae
• Trait of Interest : Drought Tolerance
• Present Status : Phenology regulation. Historic studies and currently underway in
field and controlled environments at CSIRO, Harran University, Turkish Ministry of
Agriculture. Water deficit studies, water use lysimetric, VPD response. Currently
underway at CSIRO, ICRISAT, Dicle University.
• Research Strategy : Phenotypic Characterization
• Reference : Berger et al., 2005; Ellis et al., 1994; Kozlov et al., 2019; Sharma &
Upadhyaya, 2015, 2019

14. TERTIARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer chorassanicum
• Trait of Interest : symbiosis- nutrient acquisition
• Present Status : N Fixation
• Research Strategy : Root exudates, microbiome analysis
• Reference : Jaiswal & Singh, 1990.

15. TERTIARY GENEPOOL
Wild Relative : Cicer cuneatum
• Trait of Interest : Agronomic Traits.
1. Seed Composition : Protein and starch content. Pod number, seed yield.
2. Metabolites : Flavonoids, phenolic, saponins
• Research Strategy : Metabolite profiling.
• Reference : Ocampo, Robertson, & Singh, 1998
• Domestication Traits : Pod dehiscence, seed dormancy, vernalization requirements
• Research Strategy : RNAseq analysis, QTL and GWAS mapping.
• Reference : Varshney et al., 2019

16. USE OF WILD RELATIVES IN BREEDING
Limitations in use of crop wild Relative
• Limited Wild Accessions
• Identification of valuable landrace
Solutions
• Modern Genomics
• Computation
• Systematic phenotyping

17. UTILIZATION OF CROP WILD RELATIVES
Drivers of utilization of wild species and landraces
• Breeding objectives :
1. Changing productivity and architecture of a crop
2. Production constraints encountered
3. End use quality attributes
• Lack of sufficient genetic variation in existing adapted germplasm to breed for a particular trait
Research emphasis
• Enhancing nutritional and end-use quality
• Increasing resistance to insects, diseases and parasitic plants
• mproving tolerance to drought and other desirable traits

18. ESTABLISHMENT OF HYBRIDS WITH CWRS
GENETIC RESOURCES : Wild Relatives
PRE BREEDING : 5 – 8 Years
1. Evaluation to Identify Promising
donors
2. Molecular Markers and Genotyping
Plateform
3. Genetic Maps and Trait Mapping
4. Hybridization using well adapted
material
5. Development of Pre breeding
population
CROP IMPROVEMENT: 8 – 10 Years
1. Working Collection

20. CONCLUSION
• Geographical Centers of origin
• Ecology of CWRs
• Physiology of CWRs
• Ex Situ Conservation
• In Situ Conservation
• Systematic use of CWRs
• Targeted use of CWRs