Essay Intellectual Property And Copyrights Issues In China

Essay Intellectual Property and Copyrights Issues in China
Intellectual Property and Copyrights Issues in China
1. Introduction
China had made great improvement in deregulation and had complied with its obligations to follow
rules and agreements such as Agreement on Trade–Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) as a new member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 2001. TRIPS introduced
intellectual property rules into the multilateral trading system. It ensures that computer programs
will be protected as literary works under the Berne Convention and outlines how databases should
be protected under copyright section.
As the rush to riches continues to gain pace, people's legal right to own private property is protected
by a law. However, Intellectual property and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The derivative works are encouraged with the condition that derivatives must be designated as
freeware. Most prominent offering is the GNU/Linux operating system.
When the original copyright holder explicitly relinquishes all rights to the software it is classified as
public domain software. All intellectual works and software are protected when they are committed
to a medium. Therefore it must be marked as such to be public domain.
2) What's the difference? Copyrights, patents, trademarks, etc
They are treated differently because they use different types of creations. According to WTO
definition, patents, industrial designs, integrated circuit designs, geographical indications and
trademarks have to be registered in order to be protected by law. However, copyright and trade
secrets are protected automatically according to specified conditions. There is no need to disclose
and this is how copyrighted computer software is constructed.
2. Copyright Status
China ranked second for software piracy after Vietnam in 2000 report from Business Software
Alliance. US is reckoned to lose $1.12bn in 2000 through Chinese copyright abuse. Chinese
authorities called for better implementations of Chinese copyright issues be implemented and they
are trying to maintain control over its expending internet population, which more than quadrupled
during 1999 to 8.9 million users according to Chinese officials.

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Should Copyright Law Be Changed?
Should Copyright Law Be Changed?
We often experience the effects of copyright law on a day to day basis without even realizing it.
Whether we are uploading a video to Youtube or just listening to our favorite songs over the
internet, copyright law affects us. For example, nearly everyone who has spent time on Youtube has
come across a video that has been taken down due to a copyright claim. Also, listening to Pandora
radio for an extended period of time will leave users with a prompt to verify they are still there.
These are examples of the consequences of copyright law; but what exactly is it?
Despite copyright law 's prevalence in out everyday life, few are wary of the potential risks of its
uncontested expansion. The law has been allowed to continuously expand with little or no
opposition due to a lack of public awareness surrounding the issue. That was until the mufti–
corporation sponsored bills SOPA and PIPA made headline news in 2011. These failed bills were an
explicit attempt to increase the enforcement of copyright law over the internet.
The proposed laws were met with tremendous protests and international outrage bringing copyright
law and its enforcement under the public spotlight.
History and Background
In order to understand the issues surrounding modern copyright we must first delve into the history
of the law. Most parties generally agree that modern copyright law can trace its origins to the Statute
of Anne. Bowker (1912) states that the act, passed by

Fashion Art : Artistic Rights In The Fashion Industry
Natalie Langdale
Law and the Arts
Professor Collins
December 8, 2017
Artistic Rights in the Fashion Industry
Upon recognizing that marks on fabric are the same as paint upon canvas or ink upon paper, the
United States Copyright Office expanded the scope of its coverage to include textile prints and lace
patterns as copyrightable material in 1958. Despite this enactment, which served as a significant
step in establishing the artistic legitimacy and profitability of the fashion industry, fashion designers
still cannot protect their actual clothing designs today. So how exactly could this be? In order to
understand the technicalities of copyright in the fashion world, one must not necessarily look at the
guidelines of what is protectable under copyright law but rather, they must examine what is not.
According to the United States Copyright Office, anything that is functional cannot be copyrighted
and with good reason. For example, if a company were to copyright something as functional as a
window, then every window–baring structure built from then onward would have to clear the usage
of windows in their design and perhaps even pay large licensing fees. If such a scenario were reality,
the copyright would not be contributing to the advancement of culture and technology within a
society, as copyright laws were originally established to do, but rather it would be hindering this
process of development. So, like windows which are designed to let in light and allow for

Intellectual Property Protection and Enforcement Essay
Intellectual property (IP) is defined as property that is developed through an intellectual and creative
processes. Intellectual property falls under the category of property known as intangible rights,
which includes patents (inventions of processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of
matter), copyrights (original artistic and literary works of), trademarks (commercial symbols), and
trade secrets ((product formulas, patterns, designs). Intellectual property rights has a significant
value to both individuals and businesses, providing in the case of large companies, over one half of
their value on return. Since intellectual property rights are so important to the U.S. economy and its
citizens, federal and state law provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By contrast, the constitutional basis for federal trademark law is the Commerce Clause." (Yeh, p.1,
2012).
As a result, many laws, such as the Uniform Trade Act, the Misappropriation of a Trade Secret, the
Economic Espionage Act, the Copyright Act, the Federal Patent Statute, and Lanham Act just to
mention a few, have been enacted to provide legal protection against the unauthorized use, theft, and
other violations of the rights granted by those statutes to the intellectual property owners. For
instance, the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) was enacted by congress making it a federal crime to
steal another's trade secrets for own or another's benefit. In addition, the EEA was passed to address
the ease of stealing trade secrets through computer espionage and using the internet, and to penalize
those who commit these type of crimes. Additionally, these laws allow the IP owners to recover any
profits made by the offender, recover any damages, provide severe criminal penalties, fine
organizations, and impose prison terms and injunctions to all perpetrators as a remedy.
Furthermore, intellectual property rights gives their owners or holders monopoly rights as a
protective measure for a specific period of time. For example, in 1995, congress modified the U.S.
patent law to make invention patents valid for 20 years and design patents valid for 14

The Protection Of The Citizen's Intellectual Property
It was 17th century philosopher John Locke who popularized the idea that the ideal government's
principle duty was to protect the material property of its citizens, but perhaps just as important to the
health of a nation, is the protection of the citizen's intellectual property. Without the protection of
intellectual property innovators and artists would have no rights to their creations, therefore no
incentive to create new works. To protect these men and women, lawmakers drafted some of the
most important pieces of legislation in our nation's history: copyright law. Copyright law guarantees
that the rights to a creative work are held by the creator. This means that works that fall under
copyright cannot be sold or reproduced without the creator's consent. This gives creators the
security that their assets will not be stolen, and thus, creates and environment that encourages new
innovation, and fosters artistic expression. However, copyright law today is deeply flawed, often
achieving the opposite of its original goals. Today, both individuals and large corporations use
copyright law as a tool to stifle competition, and remove works that they object to. From this, we
have been left with a copyright system that fails to protect people from false copyright takedown
claims on the internet, that has copyright terms that are much too long to be reasonably justified,
and that does not guarantee the rights that are promised under fair use. To solve these shortcomings,
it is

Essay about Piracy Of Copyright
Piracy Of Copyright
Introduction: The world today has entered into an era of instant communication. A person sitting in
the remotest corner of India can enjoy live performance taking place in the far away places like
America or Africa, thanks to electronic (parallel) media. Telephone and fax have made it possible to
communicate oral or written messages across the globe within seconds. The computer–aided
communication technologies such as E–Mail and Internet have added altogether a new dimension to
today's communication process by making it more speedy, informative and economical. The ways
through which different types of information can be communicated have also undergone a sea
change. These days a film song can be put in or accessed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Copyright and International Relations: The scope of copyright is not confined merely to the arena of
creativity and its economic exploitation in the country of its origin. It has emerged as a major factor
in international relations. In the recent past, the trade relations between the US and China
deteriorated considerably over the issue of protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The US
maintained that China is the worst violator of IPRs and the loss to the US economy is more than 2
billion dollars annually because of violation of its IPRs in China's territory. The dispute took a
serious turn when US trade groups wanted trade relations with China to be stopped completely. It
was only after the intervention of the heads of both the countries any further deterioration was
averted.
Copyright in India: The copyright in India has travelled a long way since it was introduced during
the British rule. The first law on copyright was enacted in the year 1847 by the then Governor
General of India. When Copyright Act 1911 came into existence in England, it became
automatically applicable to India, being India an integral part of British Raj. This act was in force in
the country until after independence when a new copyright act (the Act of

Copyright Law Extension Act And The Copyright Term...
BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE OF ELDRED V. ASHCROFT IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER
QUESTION PRESENTED
Does the Copyright Term Extension Act, which extends the term of a copyright to 70 years after the
creator's death, violate the "limited Times" prescription of the Copyright Clause and the free speech
guarantee of the First Amendment?
IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE We respectfully submit this brief amicus
curiae in support of the petitioners, Eldred et al. The petitioners owned the copyrights of works now
in the public domain. They challenged the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) on the
grounds that the act allows copyrights to exist in perpetuity and restricts free speech, so the act
violates the Copyright Clause and the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Justice
Ginsburg denied Eldred's challenges, finding that the terms established by the CTEA are limited
terms and that the act accommodates for petitioner's First Amendment concerns. We submit this
amicus curiae in dissent of the court opinion that upheld the CTEA.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT The Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998 established that
copyright terms now expire 70 years after the creator's death, which is a 20–year extension from the
previous copyright law in 1976 that established term expiration 50 years after the creator's death.
The Act applies equally to future works and works with existing copyrights. The court in Eldred v.
Ashcroft upheld the CTEA as a rational exercise of congressional authority in that the copyright
extension creates a significant benefit: encouraging copyright authors to produce more creative
works. However, the extension has little influence on the motivation of authors to create and it
constructs roadblocks in the creation process. Overall, the expected outcome of the 20–year
copyright term extension is a reduction in the number of works being created and copyrighted in the
future due to the increased costs of production. Without works entering the public domain, the
copyright owner monopolizes their work, creating social costs associated with a monopoly market
failure. The CTEA should be struck down as it is inconsistent with the ultimate goal of copyright
law, which is to promote the

The Issue Of First Amendment Law
For many years, there has been a struggle of protection and privacy between government rules and
citizen freedoms under the First Amendment. The controversial issues that fall under First
Amendment law have been disputed continuously. Because the First Amendment protects citizens
against government interference of freedom of expression, the boundaries of this rule have always
been pushed. One of the most common, yet controversial, issues of First Amendment law is the
subject of copyright and infringement. Although the subject may not seem major at first, many
different issues and controversies have risen and become more common than ever over the years.
The issues that have become pertinent to this subject are endless, including trademark infringement,
piracy, theft, fraud, plagiarism, and many more. With the coming of age and advancement of
technology, these cases have become more common and appear more often than ever before.
Government officials have always been strict about copyright rulings, and have tried to deliver fair
and just rulings for both parties involved under First Amendment rules. Because the owner's work
and material is protected under the First Amendment, it gets tricky when involving another party
that can claim the same work of art. In short, the definition of copyright has always been cut and
dry: allowing owners of creative works the right to control and profit from their creations. It is
basically recognized as a form of property ownership.

Copyright Term Extension Act Research Paper
The Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, also known as CTEA, extended the previous copyright
terms from 1976. The new CTEA of 1998 extended the copyright terms to the life of the author plus
70 years for an individual and for works of corporate authorship, up to 120 years after creation or 95
years after publication whichever endpoint is earlier. Copyright protection for work before January
1st, 1978, was increased by an additional 20 years from their publication date to make a total of 95
years from their publication date. The previous Copyright Term Extension Act of 1976 lasted the life
of the author plus 50 years for an individual, and for corporate authorship, it lasted 75 years. This
Copyright Protection Act of 1998 earned the nickname of the "Mickey Mouse Protection Act". The
Walt Disney Company lobbied on behalf of this new Act. The new Copyright Term Extension Act
delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies. This new act gave
Disney an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, when their copyright terms go out it allows others to use their work or characters
without having to get permission. When this happens the company will lose money, because
whatever they have created can be used without charge. It may seem selfish on the outside but I can
see where it would make me mad if something I created lost its copyright terms and was being used
everywhere without my permission. For Walt Disney World, a company that is creating new things
almost every day, it is important that they can reward the creators with income, because that product
is exclusive to the company. I feel that copyright terms help the artists in the world, it makes them
think more creatively and make something of their own instead of taking what someone else has
done. Copyrights also encouraged new work being brought into the world, new movies, new music,
and new art, instead of seeing the same things over and

Public Domain Research Paper
The topic of public domain is becoming increasingly important in the modern day. Legislation once
enacted to protect the intellectual property of the individual seems to have been flipped on its head
to do the exact opposite. Copyright was originally created to inspire original works by individual
authors, inventors and scientists for a relatively finite amount of time. In the modern era, we see big
corporate interests pushing for the extension of these deadlines while buying and hoarding
copyrights, using lawyers as guard dogs. Doing so infringes on the consumer's right to choose. Such
actions prevents fair competition in terms of price, quality, and service for an obscene amount of
time. Many famous icons all the way from Uncle Sam to Santa ... Show more content on
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They believe that if they came up with the idea then they should be the one benefiting from any
money it brings in. They would prefer to have longer term limits until something goes into the
public domain. The public believes that after a certain number of years the product should become
available to the public. The public also does not agree with Congress increasing the term limits, it is
making things not available to the public until a long time. Some corporations, like Disney, spend
large amounts of money lobbying for Congress to increase the time until something is available to
the public. They do this because they make a large amount of money off of Mickey Mouse and they
want to continue to make a large amount of money from their creation. Not only do Disney and
other anti–public domain businesses spend a lot of money introducing and passing bills to extend
their copyrights, but they also have a large influence on the government due to their position as
business leaders. If the congress were to veto their legislation, these powerful companies may
decide not to contribute to certain government

The Oldest International Agreement Of The Copyright For...
1886: Berne Convention:
The oldest international agreement in the field of the copyright for the defense or protection of
literary and artistic works is the main Berne Convention. Literary and artistic works are protected
through a protection that is termed as copyright. The major area of the copyright is controlled or
governed by the most important convention that is Berne Convention.
This most important convention that governs copyright is an international copyright treaty to which
India is also a member and it has also been signed by 143 countries on April, 1928. The principal
treaty that defends or protects the authors from various variety of woks was last revised in 1971.
Numerous rights that are enjoyed by the authors are provided under the Berne Convention, those
rights are such as right to authorize, adaption of these woks or prohibit reproduction and public
communication. This Berne convention provides some rights to the treaty countries so as to apply
certain exceptions to protection. Photographic and cinematographic shall be protected through
copyright for at least 50 years after the death of author but author's are fee to provide their longer
terms under the Berne Convention, as for matching the terms of copyright protection the European
union did with 1993 directive..
World Intellectual Property organization that is in short WIPO, UN body based in Geneva,
Switzerland, manages all the works and signatory countries of the Berne Convention, current 168

Intellectual Property Is The Legal Term
According to Wikipedia, Intellectual property is the legal term that refers to the creation of minds,
such as inventors, music, literature, artistic works, words, phrases, symbol and designs. Under
intellectual property law, the owner of intellectual property is granted certain exclusive rights.
Basically, Intellectual property is the term that refers to the creation of mind: inventions, literary and
artistic work; names, symbol and images used in commerce, trade. Intellectual property is divided
into two kinds
Copyright: It covers literary works (for instance poems, magazines, novels and plays), music, films,
artistic works (such as paintings, drawings, sculptures and photographs) and architectural designs.
Rights related to copyright include those of producers of phonograms in their recordings, television
programs and artists in their performances.
Industrial property: It includes all the trademarks, patents for inventions, geographical indications
and industrial designs and infrastructure.
E–business is the business application of data and communication technologies in support of all the
activities of business. Commerce set up the exchange of product and services between businesses,
teams and people might be seen joined of the essential activities of any business. Electronic
commerce focus on the information and communication technologies and uses this to create
relationships of the business with individual, groups and other e–businesses refers to business with
the

IT Developers and Copyright Management
IT Developers and Copyright Management
Any material or product given by the company says its copyright terms based on the act registered
any volition would lead to penalty. The thing is that we need to check that, is there any restriction
that version.
Explained about the different theories their impact on the above topic each and individual theory has
given its own importance all of those are being detailed explain with a suitable example. How
Australian computer society act on its principle.
In all the cases free version has less application compare to full version this thing is needed to be
known. Its main intention is to educate on that version to some extend if more demanded need to
buy
Some of the examples
If we are logging to the university number of times that may make them think that we are hacking it.
Information regarding username and passwords to the third party will lead to violation of university
act, material are used to educate their students not to use it those purposes that may lead to violence
of their terms.
Many applications in computers can be free downloaded such as media players and converters. As
the number of people using it increase than that product cost start decrease in the similar way, this is
why many applications for computers are available for free. The version downloaded for free does
have any copyright violation Software they are giving has a copyright, terms and conditions which
is need to be followed as per the company

Essay on intellectual property copyrights
Arka Bani Maini (10020510 )
Mid term paper on IPR : Copyrights
Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property refers to all the intangible creations of the human mind, from scientific
inventions to literary and artistic works; from symbols to names and images used in commerce.
Earlier, Neo classical economics considered land, labour and capital as things of value. But slowly
information and energy are replacing them as wealth creating assets.[1]As , the world gets more and
more mobile , information can be transported instantaneously around the world , and any advantage
gained by a rival company can be discarded effectively overnight. In such a scenario, a major
challenge for companies would be to provide a blanket of protection for ... Show more content on
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Some of the important amendments to the Copyright Act in 2012 are[4]
1. extension of copyright protection in the digital environment such as penalties for circumvention
of technological protection measures and rights management information, and liability of internet
service provider and introduction of statutory licences for cover versions and broadcasting
organizations
2. ensuring right to receive royalties for authors, and music composers, exclusive economic and
moral rights to performers, equal membership rights in copyright societies for authors and other
right owners and exception of copyrights for physically disabled to access any works.
In the Copyright law of India , "Indian Work" means a literary, dramatic or musical work by an
author who is a citizen of India , or which was first published in India ,or in case of an unpublished
work , an author who at the time of creation , was a citizen of India. The total term of protection for
literary work is the author's life plus sixty years. For cinematographic films, records, photographs,
posthumous publications, anonymous publication, works of government and international agencies
the term is 60 years

Authors Rights In The 15th Century
n the early 15th century, authors received minimal recognition for their original works. Authors
received no compensation for the reproduction of their original works, and publication companies
gathered all of the fruits of the author's labor. In 1710, The British parliament enacted the Statute of
Anne which granted exclusive protection to the original author of any given work, in addition to
granting them the power to control reproduction of their work. This was monumental for authors
because up until this point, British authors were all subject to piracy, where publication companies
would copy work that did not belong to them, and often times change the meanings of what the
author intended. For the first time, authors had legal protection and the power to stop others from
copying their work. This became known as copyright. Following this, the drafters of the US
Constitution mirrored the statue of Anne and established authors' rights in Article 1, Section 8, ...
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The Copyright Act of 1909, which would eventually be outdated by the Copyright Act of 1976
protected all published works between 1909 and 1978. Unpublished works were protected under
common law which meant that the rights would be determined by previous court cases. Under
copyright law, a work is published if copies or phonorecords are distributed to the public by sale or
other transfer of ownership or by rental, lease or lending. This was primarily based on the printing
press and its distribution of works which at the time was unfair to the original author. Due to
groundbreaking developments in technology in the next 60 years such as radio, television,
communication satellites, cable television, computers, photocopying machines, videotape recorders
etc., there was a dire need to reform the law to secure works now, and in the

Music And Its Effect On The Music Industry
Music plays a very vital role in every person's life. Music can change the emotions and senses of a
person. No one can actually describe to what extent music is importance but certainly it has a crucial
role. Time has been changing with various artists and the creativity has been changing but the music
lovers are still the same as they appreciate and receive the music to the same extent as usual. What
are the ways to enjoy music and the different forms to access it? Music can be purchased, shared
from peer to peer; it can be accessed via radio cassettes, CDs, apart from all these the majority of
music is being used by people by downloading from internet. Sharing of music has caused a serious
damage to the music industry; in 1999 the debut of the online music sharing services called Napster
has totally changed the scenario of the music industry. The topic that we are going to briefly
describe in the essay includes how the music transferring is taking place in today's world, is it the
ethical way to download music, what are the impacts of illegal downloading of music, who are the
people getting affecting and how can be rectified to save music industry. The Australian laws on
illegal downloading have been briefly explained in the following paragraphs. According to
Rabindranath Thakur who is famous poet and novelist, "Music is the purest forms of art... therefore
true poets, they who are seers, seek to express the universe in terms of music... The singer has
everything within

Intellectual Theft : Understanding Intellectual Property
Intellectual Theft
Understanding Intellectual Property
Historic Perspective
Before understanding the impact that cyberspace and technology as a whole has made on the
concept of intellectual property there must first be some understanding of the need for such laws.
There must also be some understanding of how societies around the globe have come to
fundamentally address, apply, and enforce the laws of intellectual property. What is now known as
trademark and copyright laws make up the bulk of the intellectual property frame work in most
legislative and judicial systems around the world today. The laws used in such cases are now
common place, but the road to getting things where they are today was long and hard.
The ideas of man have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Statute of Anne was a monumental win for intellectual property laws. "This (The Statute of
Anne) provided authors and proprietors of "copies" (or manuscripts) with the right to print and
reprint copies of their works (Sherman &Bently, 1999). The authors go on to add the fact that the
rights of the author lasted an initial fourteen years with an additional fourteen years if the author is
still alive at the end of the initial period, and twenty years for "old books" (Sherman &Bently,
1999). The enactment of The Statute of Anne was unquestionably something that changed how
courts and the world viewed intellectual property, and paved the way for what intellectual property
laws are today.
Early U.S. Legislation
The intellectual property battle in the United States is first addressed in the supreme law of the land,
the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution states that (the copyright clauses inclusion is) "To promote
the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the
exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries" (U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 8). This
once again points at the fact that while human beings may feel that they have ideas that can better
society, they may be reluctant to do so if they are not rewarded for these ideas in some form or
fashion. The aforementioned

Terms Of Service For [ Websitename.com
TERMS OF SERVICE FOR [WEBSITENAME.COM] Updated as of February 1, 2016 The
following terms and conditions (the "Terms of Service") govern your access to and use of the
[WEBSITENAME.COM] ("Site"), any services provided by [INSERT COMPANY NAME] (?
Company?) through the Site ("Service") and any information, text, graphics, or other materials
appearing on the Site or Service ("Content"). By accessing or using this Site, Content, or Service,
you agree to be bound by these Terms of Service. We reserve the right to modify these Terms of
Service from time to time. If this occurs, we will provide prominent notice of it on
[WEBSITENAME.COM]. The revised terms will take effect when they are posted. You
acknowledge and agree that if you use the Site ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you are at least 13 but not yet 18 years of age: Please have your parents or legal guardian review
these Terms of Service with you and discuss any questions you might have. Please have them give
you their consent to use the service with both your and their full understanding of these Terms of
Service. By using the Services, you are confirming that you and your parent or guardian have joined
in this agreement. Parents and Guardians: Please supervise your children 's on–line activities. If you
do not agree to these Terms of Service, do not let your child use the Services. If you have any
further questions about our Services please contact us. If you are the parent or guardian of a child
under 13 and believe that he or she is using the Services, please contact us at
support@[WEBSITENAME.COM]. Parents and Guardians: please oversee your child 's use of the
Site. The Site facilitates the private sharing of user–generated–content. However, Company assumes
no responsibility for screening, filtering, or monitoring the content that is shared or viewed by its
members, some of which may not be appropriate for children under age 18, and which may contain
"R–rated" material, comprise nudity, violence or mature subject matter. Minors ' parents or
guardians shall be solely responsible for overseeing, screening, filtering, and/or monitoring their
child 's use of the Site and its Services. Company assumes no responsibility for

Copyright In The Music Industry
Since the recording of music began, the music industry has been very dependent on record labels to
help artist reach mainstream success. The role of a record label is to assist an artist/musician in
gaining of the attention consumers. Along with that these labels also aid performers in marketing
their work through radio, magazines, newspapers, and television, but also involves the marketing of
music recordings and live performances. The majority of the time they would send artist's work to
publishers that would work on trademarks, production, manufacture, distribution, marketing,
promotion, but most importantly is the enforcement of copyright laws for written and sound
recordings.With that being said record labels are the ones who set the terms ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For a jazz musician copyrights usually, applies to tunes and notes that are already written down and
not solos. Copyright laws consider most early jazz songs as derivative works. What that means is
that copyright protection and rights are based not on what the jazz musician has added, but what he
has used. Under the Copyright Act," the owner of the composition copyright has the exclusive right
"to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work." Categorizing jazz interpolations as
derivative works have practical consequences that do not favor the jazz musician. As an initial
matter, there is the issue of how jazz musicians must go about obtaining the rights even to record the
song. The Act creates a compulsory licensing scheme for copyrighted compositions, which allows
players to use any musical composition without having to negotiate with the copyright owner for
permission, so long as the musical work has been licensed previously to someone else for
mechanical reproduction and the musician pays a statutory royalty. Usually, all they needed was a
mechanical license to perform the works that were covered. The license would allow them to
automatically get permission from the artist from the artist and the publishers in return guaranteeing
them royalties from the cover. Musicians have more immediate access to previous artistic works
than artists in other mediums seeking to use prior works. The compulsory licensing scheme for
musical derivative works thus alleviates some of the transaction costs of bargaining. The problem is
that obtaining a compulsory license does not protect the original musical contributions added in the
subsequent artist's rendition. That is, compulsory licensees convey only the right to record and
distribute the underlying work. A separate copyright does not automatically attach another form of
the material to that copyright. If a musician wants to protect his pieces, he

Intellectual Property And Ip For Short
IP Write Up Name: Alexander Tuma Intellectual property or IP for short refers to the creations of the
mind. For example inventions, artistic work, designs, logos and more. (Wipo.int) IP is also protected
by the law. For example it protects the users work by putting copyrights, trademarks and patents on
his or hers work. This grants the users to get recognition or money from they want they made.
(Wipo.int) Copyright: A copyright is a legal term that is used to define the rights that creators have
over their artistic work and designs. A copyright can be used on Art, literature, music, film,
broadcasts and computer programs. Patents: A patent is an exclusive right only given to an
invention. A patent helps to provide the owner with the rights to decide who or how the invention
can be used by. Trademarks: A trademark is a sign used to help distinguish the goods or services of
one business from another business. Trademarks can be used on letters, numbers, words, colours,
phrases, logos, sound, pictures and more. Designs: A design is about the visual appearance of a
manufactured product being protected, but it is not protected in a way that protects how it works it's
only how it looks. What is a copyright infringement? A copyright infringement occurs when
someone copies how the idea is expressed. This is protected by the copyright laws, but the idea
and/or information behind the work. This is not protected by the copyright laws.
(clickandcopyright.com) You can also be

Copyright And Its Developments, Emphasis On Moral Rights
Copyright and its Developments, emphasis on moral rights The Law of Copyright and its historical
development – Tracing back the historical development of copyright protection of the authors work,
the idea of copyright protection only began to emerge with the invention of printing, which made it
possible for the literary works to be duplicated by mechanical processes. Prior to that, hand copying
was the sole mean of reproduction. Following Gutenberg 's invention of printing press in 1436 in
Germany, the necessity of protecting printers and booksellers was recognized there. Consequently,
German Principalities granted certain privileges to printers and publishers and also authors. The art
of printing spread quickly in Europe, King Richard Ill in 1483 allowed foreigners to import
manuscripts and books into England and print them there. As a result of this, much of the book trade
came in the hands of foreigners. However, this freedom enabled England to emerge as a major
center of printing trade in Europe. The spread of technological innovation led to creation of a class
of intermediaries who made the initial investment in bringing out a book i.e. printers who at the
same time also functioned as booksellers. They were called 'Stationers ' in England . In 1523 and
1528, restrictions were introduced by Henry V Ill, prohibiting the importation of books altogether in
1533 on the ground that there were enough printers and book–binders in England. In 1529, a system
of privileges was

Copyright And Intellectual Property Are Still Valid
IPT Essay
"Do you agree or disagree that laws relating to copyright and intellectual property are still valid in
social media?"
Copy right is the limited and flexible legal right, given to the creator for a fixed number of years, to
print, publish, perform, film. The copyright law of Australia defines the legally enforceable rights of
creators of innovative and artistic works under Australian law. The extent of copyright in Australia
is defined in the Australian Copyright Act1968, which applies the national law throughout Australia.
Australian–operated websites offering copyright security or Australian registration of copyright for
payment of a fee. No such registration or other procedure is necessary for copyright protection in
Australia. These websites have no right or ability to guarantee copyright protection. Copyright
provides legal protection for people who express ideas and information in certain forms. The most
common forms are writing, visual images, music and moving images. Copyright Act 1968, are
responsible for the expansion of domestic copyright policy, as well as in engaging globally on
copyright issues. Copyright is a type of property that is founded on a person 's creative skill and
labour. Copyright protects the form or way an idea or information is articulated, not the idea or
information itself. Copyright is not a tangible thing. It is made up of a bundle of exclusive economic
rights to do certain acts with an original work or other copyright

Production Music Definition Essay
2.3 Definitions: The Terms and Definitions related to Production Music Library In order for the
reader to fully understand the terminology appeared in this research paper, the following definitions
are given. Apparently, a lot of these terms will be familiar to any readers who have experiences in
the field of music publishing and music licensing. "Background" refers to music that "the actor(s)
can hear coming from a radio, jukebox or party, it also has the same definition as "Source Cue" and
"Source Music" (AIMP, n.d.). "Blanket License" is "used to give blanket permission to use any
music from a specific catalog" and is commonly used in "a situation where issuing individual music
licenses for each piece or each use would be cumbersome". And paying the "Blanket Fees" to use a
Blanket License means that the person or the company can use any music ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their job "starts with breaking down the script and discussing the director's concept" and also
"oversees all music–related business on a project", which includes "assisting with the budget",
"working with the director to find the right composer and music editor", and even "coordinating
soundtrack releases with record labels" (Get In Media, n.d.). "Performing Rights" is "the right to
perform music in public. This is "a part of copyright law and demands payment to the music's
composer/lyricist and publisher when a business uses music in a public performance" and the
"examples of public performances are broadcast and cable television, radio, concerts, nightclubs,
and restaurants" (Gammon, 2011). The income from these public performances is called
"Performance Royalties" and the organizations that collect such royalties is called "Performance
Rights Organization (PRO)" in which in the USA, these are "BMI, ASCAP, and

The Pros And Cons Of Copyright Law
Part 1
1. What is copyright?
Answer:
Copyright is a manifestation of protection given to the authors or makers of original works of
authorship. Copyright law gifts authors and craftsmen the selective right to make and offer
duplicates of their works, the privilege to create subsidiary works, and the privilege to perform or
presentation their works freely. The copyright in a work of authorship quickly turns into the
property of the author who created it right now it is put into altered structure. Nobody yet the author
can claim copyright to the work, unless the author awards rights to others in a composed
understanding, for example, to the author's distributer or record organization. Generally, we can tell
who the author of a work is the individual who created it. Anyway some of the time, it is not exactly
that simple.
2. Copyright is automatic when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This does not encroach the copyright owner's selective distribution rights. This was accordingly
systematized in Copyright Act of 1976. In the connection of licenses, this law says that a buyer of a
licensed article has the right to use, repair, and exchange the article with no obstruction from the
patentee. The patentee may at present hold control of the article through terms in the permit or sale
contract.
8. What is "attribution" as it pertains to copyright?
Answer:
The act of attributing particularly the act of securing a specific individual; as the inventor of a works
is lies under the cases of copyright. As sometimes people think that they can use the copyrighted
work by just putting a reference of the author/owner of the work. But it is not sufficient; individuals
who want to use any type of copyrighted work; they have to get permission from the author/owner.
9. What is "public domain" as it pertains to copyright?

Intellectual Property ( Ip ) Essay
Intellectual Property (IP) can be broadly described as using human intellect to create something new
or original, and it is collectively comprised of four categories: Trade secrets, trademarks, copyrights,
and patents. Intellectual property is a valuable asset that must be protected and strategically
managed. To fully foster innovation, intellectual property protection is crucial. If protection is
lacking, than businesses and individual would not fully benefit from their inventions and could
possibly refrain from research and development. Intellectual property drives economic growth and
competitiveness. "The direct and indirect economic impacts of innovation are overwhelming,
accounting for more than 40% of U.S. economic growth and employment" (GIPC, 2015, para. 3).
Intellectual property contributes tremendously to our national and state economies. IP accounts for
74% of all US exports, which amounts to nearly $1 trillion. It is also important for consumers. Solid
IP rights assist consumers in making choices about the safety, effectiveness and reliability in their
purchases.
Many industries count on sufficient enforcement of their IP, by means of trade secrets, trademarks,
copyrights, and patents. According to the USPTO (2015) "In the United States patents are available
to any person who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or
composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof" (para.6). There are three types
of patents

Intellectual Property ( Ip ) Is Everywhere
Intellectual Property (IP) is everywhere. IP is inventions. IP is literary and artistic works. IP is
designs or symbols. IP is names and images used in commerce. Almost everything is IP. These
things can be protected by patent, copyright, service mark, or trademark. These topics are very
complicated; the consolidated version of US patent laws and rules is over 200 pages long. While
there are many good things about IP protection, there are also many unnecessary problems with it
that should be changed. Some of these problems include IP education, and the lack of it, the time
frame that these protections span, and the major lack of solid international laws. In most grade
schools and high schools, the only IP protection education is your English teachers telling you not to
plagiarize copyrighted works, or a business class may go into it a little. The majority of patent and
copyright education is in law schools but it is important to all of us, even if we don't want to go into
law, that we know these laws. Everybody is affected by IP, everybody creates IP, and everybody is a
copyright holder. Many people don't know that any original work is copyrighted from the moment it
is created in a tangible space, such as paper, film, or silicon chip, no registration necessary.
Copyrightable works include literary works, musical compositions, films, software programs, or
paintings. Patents cover inventions, ideas, designs, and compositions of matter. To get a patent, you
must first

Intellectual Property Is The Legal Term
Introduction
According to Wikipedia, Intellectual property is the legal term that refers to the creation of minds,
such as inventors, music, literature, artistic works, words, phrases, symbol and designs. Under
intellectual property law, the owner of intellectual property is granted certain exclusive rights.
Basically, Intellectual property is the term that refers to the creation of mind: inventions, literary and
artistic work; names, symbol and images used in commerce, trade. Intellectual property is divided
into two kinds
Copyright: It covers literary works (for instance poems, magazines, novels and plays), music, films,
artistic works (such as paintings, drawings, sculptures and photographs) and architectural designs.
Rights related to copyright include those of producers of phonograms in their recordings, television
programs and artists in their performances.
Industrial property: It includes all the trademarks, patents for inventions, geographical indications
and industrial designs and infrastructure.
E–business is the business application of data and communication technologies in support of all the
activities of business. Commerce set up the exchange of product and services between businesses,
teams and people might be seen joined of the essential activities of any business. Electronic
commerce focus on the information and communication technologies and uses this to create
relationships of the business with individual, groups and other e–businesses refers to

Technology Commercialization And Information Controls
GUEST LECTURE SUMMARY:
Technology commercialization and information controls:
Technology commercialization: The main aim of this lecture is to make us understand about
technology commercialization and information control. Firstly the key terms (discovery, invention,
technology, commercialization) are used to make us understand the term technology
commercialization by showing the relationship between them.
Discovery – finding a previously unknown natural law, material, property or other information –
basic science/research (quantum mechanics, genetics, periodic table, relativity, DNA)
Invention – creating a prototype of a machine or process based upon discoveries (first transistor,
LASER, radio, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information control:
In business and accounting, information technology controls (or IT controls) are specific activities
performed by persons or systems designed to ensure that business objectives are met. They are a
subset of an enterprise 's internal control.
Commercial companies protect information for making profits and to increase the share value. The
main three things in commercial information control are patent, copyrights and trade
secrets/propritery information.
1) Patents are used to protect concepts, inventions and designs.
2) Copyrights protect publications like books and recordings
3) Any information protected as proprietary or trade secrets (business processes, internal
organization, internal research).
Employees may have to sign agreements not to disclose sensitive information outside company
(NDA, PIA).
Employees to have to sign non–compete agreements should they change employers Suppliers and
partners may also be bound by NDAs or PIAs.
Most technology commercialization involves information control. If the customer is from another
company then the information will be provided on contractual obligations. Like business plans and
organization, inventions and trade secrets, suppliers and organization and all the vital information is
not shared if they have to share the information its all done in contract bases.
Commercial technical information often termed "Intellectual Property" or "IP".
US Legal Basis – Commercial Information

A New Electronic Board Game
Paul Smith, Roberta and Theo are 3 friends whom want to start a new business based upon their idea
of a new electronic board game, which will be manufactured by the group themselves. Within this
case, I have found many legal issues that must be tackled or understood for the business to run
legally and smoothly.
The first issue found in the case is based around the logo that has been created by Paul for their
business. First, we have to ask if Paul has checked his logo; which can also be known as a
trademark, against New Zealand's list of registered trademarks and if their chosen trademark (name,
brand, logo) is the same or similar to any others registered companies. Secondly, we would need to
see if Paul plans to register the company. Paul could decide not to register the company but still
successfully use their unregistered trademark due to S9 of the Fair Trading Act 1986 (FTA), yet a
registered trademark offer's the company better protection and it is strongly advised that companies
register their trade mark under the Trade Mark Act 2002 (TMA). The TMA offers a number of
advantages over the FTA in terms of trademarks. Trademarks are considered under statue law
meaning it can be both criminal and civil law, therefore meaning the company could be sued or face
a large fine if their trademark is similar to another and they continue to use it. This could
misrepresent the original owners of the trademark, which may lead to loss for the particular
company. In this case, the trio

The Internet And Internet Stealing On The Internet
The internet may be the greatest invention in human history. It is able to connect almost all of the
seven billion people on the Earth, and allows these people to share their ideas, but it also creates an
intellectual property nightmare. The internet's main goal is the spread of information, but sometimes
the information isn't obtained in a way which agrees with laws put in place to protect patent and
copyright holders, and trademark owners. Since the invention and mass adoption of the internet, IP
laws have been struggling to keep up and law makers have had to start thinking about IP as it
pertained to the internet and how people used it.
Websites like Pirate Bay and Megaupload allowed for millions of people to illegally obtain copies of
their favorite software, songs, games, and much more. Stealing on the internet is not a hard thing to
do, the costs of copying are not high, and people can do it anonymously. There has been a push in
the last twenty years for a more aggressive enforcement of rights and laws for new forms of media.
In 1998 the world saw the passing of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) which was an
attempt by the US government to combat copyright to strengthen legal protection of intellectual
property rights holders in the midst of emerging new information communication technologies. The
law put pressure on internet service providers in order for service provider's legal liabilities to be
limited in the event one of their users violated copyright

The Significant Area Of Concern Essay
The significant area of concern for Ernest Frank Pty Ltd (Ernest Frank) is the misuse of their
confidential company and client information. It appears that Josephine West (West) has used
information obtained in the course of her employment with Ernest Frank and used it for the benefit
in her subsequent employment with Hale Bopp Pty Ltd (Hale Bopp).
It is essential that Ernest Frank take immediate steps to protect their intellectual property and to stop
any further unauthorised use of their company information by West and Hale Bopp from occurring.
I advise that the protections available to Ernest Frank include the following:
Duty of Confidentiality
It appears that West copied, removed and possibly deleted confidential information, which she had
access to during her employment with Ernest Frank. Such conduct by West would fall outside the
realm of knowledge acquired by the employee as a routine part of performing their duties, that is,
West disclosed information that was not in the public domain.
In Prime Creative Media Pty Ltd v Vranijkova and Motoring Matters Pty Ltd (2010), the Federal
Court explained that 'the protection that should be afforded to information was not afforded due to
its confidentiality or from any secrecy surrounding it, but rather afforded protection because of the
purpose for which the information had been compiled and because the information was not
accessible to those other than business' employees.'
It is arguable that West's conduct breached the

Intellectual Property on the Internet Essay
Intellectual Property on the Internet
On one of my first web sites I had an original graphic design, done by one of my friends. The design
was interesting and eye–catching, two necessary elements for my site. I kept the design on the site
for over six months, before taking it down and rebuilding. Almost a year after the graphic went up
on my site, the person who designed it saw it on another site. After he showed me, he expressed his
disappointment. He had put his time and hard work into this and someone else had just copied the
image off my site and used it for themselves. The design was my friend's work and his intellectual
property.
According to the United States Information Agency, intellectual property is
[i]nformation that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These early laws were limited in scope and restricted to only a few types of information; the broader
interpretation of these principles used today in the western world is quite modern, certain elements
having been added only within the last few years. ("Some myths about intellectual property")
Although the concept has been around for a long time, protection of intellectual property has never
been as much of an issue as it is today. Eric Chabrow explains:
That's because pre–Internet, intellectual property was fairly easy to protect. Books, illustrations, and
reports could all be held in your hands. Even computer software, though trickier to protect, usually
resides on disks that can be protected. But the Internet makes it a cinch for any PC owner to copy
and distribute–that is, to publish–virtually anything on the World Wide Web. This powerful
technology threatens to make copyright and other intellectual property protections obsolete.
(Chabrow, Copyrights: What's Left?)
The copying of text, sound, and graphics has become easy to do, but it is extremely hard to detect.
With the increased use of the Internet and software tools that ease the copying of information, text,
sound, and graphics can be used without the permission of the author or creator. To copy a word,
sentence, or an entire paper all one needs to do is

The Case Of The Prospective Decorative Artwork Business Of...
In forming a business, it is essential to ensure that the entity is legally compliant with the governing
regulations in the territory of operation. In addition, it is imperative to take the necessary actions to
protect the entity from any potential risks and avoidable financial expenditures associated with its
business activities. To this end, in the case of the prospective decorative artwork business of Tom,
Dick, and Harry – they need to be properly enlightened as to the pertinent components required for
business affairs. In this regard, for this paper – the author endeavours to provide legal advice to the
prospective business associates concerning the possible business type along with categories of
investors connected to the same. After, information will be furnished as to copyright protection for
the decorative art pieces. Next, the writer presents information pertaining to important components
that ought to be included in the terms of agreement of staff. The guidelines applicable to
apprenticeship, will be covered since the business intends to utilise an apprentice. Following the
preceding, the writer examines the options available to house the business. Lastly, advice will be
given to Tom, Dick, and Harry as to the potential insurance requirements for the business.
Business Type Options
For this type of business, Tom and his two colleagues can either decide to form a partnership or to
incorporate their business.
Partnership
In the case of a partnership, based on

Copyright Research Paper
Across human history, societies adopted different political and societal systems. The same applies in
term of trade, in which the system evolved from basic barter, common sharing, up to the invention
of gold coins, trade and commerce system. Today's world is dominated by western cultures. The
different political, economic, and societal systems in the world are strongly influenced by the
western civilization values.
Laws for copyright, piracy, intellectual property somehow find the origins in the socio–economical
system of our world.
In the following essay, we will try to explore the different characteristics of the worlds which may
engender the need for copyright. We will next explain what are piracy and intellectual property vis–
à–vis the notion of copyright.
Several characteristics of today's world and its business made copyright essentials for the course of
everyday activities.
First the materialism has been the main philosophy of most individuals. People are commonly
judged based on their material possession. The emphasis is thus put on what someone's own, its
goods, properties. The material benefit is of first importance, and it is the basis of world business.
Thus, when someone creates, produces or makes something of potential material benefit, he will
definitely want to protect it. It's clear that in such context copyright automatically becomes crucial.
The second point is the economy. Capitalism is the major economic system throughout the world.
Here again the

Intellectual Property And Copyright Property Rights Essay
Introduction
When we use our mind as the intelligent humans we are, sometimes out of that comes Intellectual
property. Intellectual property is an idea that was created by one with the intention to trademark,
copyright or patent the creation they have made. There are many forms of intellectual property that
exist ranging from artistic sides to mechanical sides and etc. With those many forms intellectual
property is broken down into two factions, industrial property and copyright in which all the forms
of intellectual property lye somewhere in those two factions. To understand intellectual property a
little more we need too look at the two and break down the factions. Also take a look at the
protection and the laws that pertain to copyright, trademarks, and patents.
Discussion
The term intellectual property refers to the innovations of the human mind. Intellectual property
rights protect the interests of these innovators by giving them property rights attached to those ideas.
The term "intellectual property rights" stands for these legal rights that authors, inventors, and other
creators have. Intellectual property laws relate to a particular way in which ideas or information is
expressed or displayed, but not the actual ideas or exact concept itself. The first use of the
expression "intellectual property" appears to be October 1845, in Davoll vs. Brown, a patent case in
Massachusetts. Justice Charles Woodbury said that "only in this way can we protect

E Commerce : A Great Tool For Promoting Business
A business through e–commerce can be a great tool for promoting business online and to generate
sales and/or provides channels for a business to engage with customers. The benefits of e–commerce
include its around–the–clock availability and accessibility, a speed of access, and the worldwide
reach. In contrary, with the technology advances, a variety of rights are claimed and along with it in,
online business became exposed to a large risks without protecting of its rights. Consequently, the
law created to protect the rights such as copyright and/or patents, database laws, trademarks,
industrial design law, and trade secret law to protect different types of intellectual property (IP)
rights. The question here is, how much the laws can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the UK, copyright protect literary and artistic works vests automatically in a work, provided that
satisfies certain criteria and there is no registry or fees to pay. It is also an international right that
gives authors and creators the right to control use of their material in a different ways, such as by
issuing copies, broadcasting and use online. For a 'work' to qualify for copyright in the UK; 1) The
work must fall within one of eight categories of work listed in the Copyright Designs and Patents
Act 1988 (CDPA 1988). 2) The work must be recorded in a material form 3) The work must be
original. The test for the originality of the work, there must be sufficient "skill, labour and
judgment" or "selection, judgment and experience" or "labour, skill and capital".
Copyright protects the expression of an idea rather than the ideal itself: idea/expression dichotomy.
This is the fundamental concept of copyright and in the case of Donoghue v Allied Newspapers
[1938] Farwell J. said that:
'If the idea, however original, is nothing more than an idea, and is not put into any form of words, or
any form of expression such as a picture, then there is no such thing as copyright at all.' And thus,
distinction between an idea and an expression often under the spotlight of debate under copyright
law. "One may differentiate the form from the substance of a writing, equating the substance with
the writing 's idea, but any idea must

The Copy-Rights Law : The Laws Of Copy Rights Laws
This particular article deals mainly with the different copy right laws that have been made
throughout all these years and what exactly they do. Within the article the reader can expect to find
in–depth details on each copy right law, what it does, and how long it is effective for. The author
mentions first that around fifteen years ago it was President Bill Clinton that signed a copyright
extension law. The article explains that when America was first founded that copyright protection
was only good for approximately twenty eight years. From there the author begins explaining to the
reader how copyright laws have advanced since that time. They talk about how in the mid–twentieth
century Congress decided to double that period and make it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Senator Brown was also quoted saying that he did everything in his power to slow the progress of
the Copyright Protection bill as often as he could. The author also talks on the reason why it took
the bill approximately three years to pass and the role the restaurant industry played in that. The
author adds in the fact that when the extension was signed by President Bill Clinton in 1998 that it
took on some heavy legal challenges almost immediately and how those challenges eventually died
out. The paper article wraps up by talking about how if Hollywood wants to see away with this
extension and change the Copyright laws they are going to have to begin that fight now.
Copyright law originated with the United States Constitution. In Article I, Section 8, the United
States Constitution states that "Congress shall have the power to promote the progress of science
and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their
respective wrights and discoveries" (Purdue). Copyright is a federal law. Copyright laws protect
published works by preventing original materials from being used or copied without the creator's
permission. These protections extend to copying, adapting, publishing, communicating, and publicly
performing protected literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works. Today, the laws are located in

The Development Ofu.s Copyright Law
The Development of U.S Copyright Law
Simon Cho
The history of U.S copyright law came from England. As a matter of fact, copyright was not
intended to reward creators but to prevent sedition. As the number of presses grew in late fifteenth
century in England, the authorities started to grant control over the publication of books to a group
of printers, called the Stationers' Company in mid–sixteenth century. The Licensing Act of 1662
confirmed that licensed printers have the right to publish the work forever. The Stationer's Company
didn't disappear even though the 1662 act lapsed in 1694. Rather, it shifted its focus from printers to
authors. Therefore, the Parliament enacted the first copyright law in 1710, called the Statue of Anne,
which protects author's work if they registered their work to the government. Under the Statue of
Anne, authors had a right to control their creations and sell their rights to the third person. U.S.
Congress has revised the copyright law to broaden the sphere of copyright and to address new
technologies as time goes by. This paper illustrates what have the Congress amended in the
copyright law and how has the amended law impacted proprietors by looking into major revisions in
U.S. copyright law. U.S Congress reviewed its copyright law based on the Statue of Anne in early–
eighteenth century. The Congress first exercised its copyright protection with the Copyright Act of
1790, which secure the copies of maps, charts and books to the

Essay Intellectual Property And Copyrights Issues In China

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