Should Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay

Should Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay
Should Athletes be able to use Performance Enhancing drugs? Shirley Babashoff, is a female
swimmer who participated in The 1976 Montreal Summer Olympic Games. She had won seven gold
medals in total at the end of the games, but she was denied all seven of them as a result of a
government–sponsored doping program. Consequently, she is in one of the worst clubs nobody
would want to be in: athletes who were denied a medal at all because they got caught doping. It is
important to make sure kids are looking up to these athletes as role models and not doing the wrong
things. The health risks behind the drugs could possibly be anywhere from a cramp to a heart attack.
Using performance enhancing drugs makes the game unfair and it kills the integrity of the game.
Athletes in all levels of play should not be allowed to use performance enhancing drugs, they will
affect the long term health of the player, damages the integrity and fairness of the game, and
endangers others associated with the person who uses them. Anabolic steroids are artificial
hormones that resemble testosterone in promoting growth of muscle. The hormones are used
medicinally to treat some forms of weight loss and used by some athletes and others to enhance
physical performance. They were developed in the late ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, it would level the playing field, and the play would be at the highest level. Second, in baseball
using steroids would allow pitchers to throw harder and home runs would go farther. Next, the
athletes are encouraged by their coaches, managers, and us to win at all costs. It would make sense
to unban them from a business standpoint. The industry has a good chance to make more money due
to all the athletes being able to use the drugs. If legalized it would make it easier for pro sports
organizations with managing complex anti–doping policies. It could go a long way in solving the
contentious issue of Hall of Fame
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Athletes Using Enhancement Drugs
"Did you ever take banned substances to enhance your cycling performance?" Lance Armstrong,
seven time Tour de France winner and cycling superstar responded, "Yes" ("Lance Armstrong and
Oprah Winfrey"). Lance Armstrong is just one of many professional athletes who doped to get ahead
in sports. Armstrong's guilty verdict exemplifies the efforts to punish athletes using performance–
enhancing drugs. The increase in anti–doping efforts is evident.
In the middle of the 20th century, a troublesome problem arose in the sports world: doping. In the
1960s, the first evidence that athletes were using performance–enhancing drugs surfaced (Catlin,
Fitch, and Ljungqvist 104). Even though significant evidence prevailed that athletes used the drugs
to increase their athletic performance, there was no way to detect drug use. People did not know
what to think of the problem, but when a cyclist died at the 1960 Olympic Games from doping,
sports organizations started to take action (Catlin, Fitch, and Ljungqvist 100). Scientists went to
work looking for a way to detect performance–enhancing drugs in athletes. It took several years
before any reliable drug testing methods came about. During the Fédération Internationale de
Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in 1966, the first drug test was performed (Hanstad, Smith,
and Waddington 229). In the following year, more sports organizations took a stance against drugs
in sports. Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and the

Athletes And Drug Testing Essay
Quade What do you think about athletes and drug tests? Well I believe that every athlete should be
required to take a drug test, first off I'm going to tell you what exactly is drug testing and what the
point of it is. Why people use them and some cons of them and the health risks drugs cause. Also
what happens if you get caught using drugs in sports Drug testing is the evaluation of a urine, blood,
hair or other type of bio. Drug testing is one action an employer can take to determine if employees
or job applicants are using drugs. It can identify evidence of recent use of alcohol, prescription drugs
and illegal drugs logical sample to determine if the subject has been using the drug or drugs in
question. There are many circumstances ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's also commonly used to look strong and more muscular. Some cons of taking performance
enhancing drugs is first off it creates mood swings it also shrinks the testicles. If you get caught with
them you can't play sports. The health risks of taking those are Cardiovascular disease, stroke,
cancer, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and lung disease. All drugs also affect the mind.If you get caught with
drugs you can be suspended from your sports team, lose the chance to participate in extracurricular
activities, be fired from a job, or not be hired for a job. I'm the NFL you could be suspended for a
couple games or a season if you get caught with them enough you could be kicked out of the NFL.
Same is for the MLB or the NBA. In high school you could be suspended a couple games or you
could be put on probation or put in drug counseling. You you get caught enough more than likely
you will be sent off. In the NFL some teams only test once and it's usually in the preseason.If a
player passes his one test, he won't be tested again until the next April–August. Like this last NFL
season Le'Veon Bell was suspended for four game but hen it got reduced down to three. So it's not
such a big deal in the NFL Also If you use steroids they stay in your system from 14–30 days, but
cocaine

Doping Testing Should Not Be Banned
Steroids were introduced to the world by "the Nazis because they needed aggressive soldiers"(Sports
in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and "Performance–enhancing Drugs).
Doping was introduced into sports because people wanted to have an "extra advantage on their
opponents"(Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and "Performance–
enhancing Drugs). Drug testing was introduced to the world in 1968 at the Olympics (Sports in
America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and "Performance–enhancing Drugs). This
paper is meant to teach the world and yourself why doping in general is banned. Doping should not
be allowed for anyone, no matter their condition because it would give them an unfair advantage in
their performance, it may also have harmful effects on their health, and does not benefit our
economy. Doping should not be allowed because it would give them an unfair advantage in their
performance. Steroids offer an increase in body mass and strength. All these performance enhancers
increase your odds of obtaining your goals. These augmentations can range from body mass,
strength, alertness and decreasing appetites. Steroids also help athletes "train harder and recover
quickly from strenuous workouts"(CNN) the athletes who like to go beyond their limits and enjoy
their time training for them, they constantly use anabolic steroids because it allows them to have
repeated strenuous workouts and recover quickly. It takes a

The Truth About Performance-Enhancing Drugs
The Truth About Performance–Enhancing Drugs
Doping in sports. A topic in which shows up in T.V. shows, movies, newspapers, and magazine
articles. But what does society really know about performance enhancing drugs? According to the
website Merriam–Webster the definition of doping is "illegal use of a drug (such as a steroid) to
improve an athlete's performance." Doping in sport should not be allowed because, it is not fair to
the athletes not on steroids, dangerous to the user, and aggression towards other players also known
as roid rage.
Doping in sports is unfair to to the players not on steroids. A professor of philosophy names David
Fairchild at Indiana University shows evidence that says "The knowing and voluntary use of
proscribed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So what do others say about performance enhancing drugs? and why would some argue that doping
is okay? People may say that doping is okay because it will make the game interesting. But think of
this ... would it be fair if "your team" who was not using steroids were to play a game where
everyone on the opposing team were on steroids. Then the people supporting doping would not
think that is very fair and would maybe even think it would cheating.
Doping in sports should not be allowed. How is it fair that some of the long standing records have
been beat by people using steroids. unfair to the athletes not on steroids, dangerous to the user, and
aggression towards other players known as roid rage. T.V., movies, newspapers, and magazine
articles all bring up doping. But this is the truth about performance enhancing

Persuasive Essay On The Use Of Cheating In Sports
Sport is a global phenomenon, it is a common between all the nations of the world there is not one
culture that has not engaged in a way or another in some type of sporting activity; such activities are
not only often physically challenging and mentally stimulating – they also provide a sense of
belonging and personal meaning to people's lives. In American culture like many other cultures
worldwide winning is highly prized and cherished by fame and money from audiences and sponsors.
The dream of some become the dream of many, athletes and people in general are looking for ways
to achieve their ambitions without caring about the results. Now we often hear the word Steroids
mostly in national TV and radio stations in news related to scandals, athletes are using it to enhance
and maximize their performance,
The term steroid is newest version of what was also known as doping in the Olympic, it could be
defined as synthetic hormones, which boosts the body's ability to produce muscle as well as prevent
muscle breakdown. In old Athletic events sports people have tried multiple medicines in order to
push their physical abilities to the limit. As an example athletes would inject themselves before any
competition; this has proven that the use of illegal methods to win in sports is not new or unusual.
Though, nowadays it's widely spread in sports only, Steroids was first developed in Germany in the
1930s, the main reason behind inventing such a drug was to intensify the force of their soldiers;
Germans have noticed that their army's endurance increased in the battlefield.
Steroids have first known its way to sports trough the 1952's Olympics. In Muscular Strength sports
Soviet Union and other European countries were taking a significant lead over athletes from other
nations including the U.S. At the time, the Olympic U.S team physicians doubted the success of the
Union Soviet sportsmen, as it was their first participation ever in the Olympics Games and they
were the closest rival to the U.S team which was dominating at the time (Union Soviet defeated
America in the following Games). American physicians were investigating this unexpected good
performance of the European athletes generally and Soviets' specifically.

The Pros And Cons Of Doping In Sports
Ethical reflection is deemed as being very important in the world of sport. Doping for instance,
although athletes resort to this. It has many ethical objections and is portrayed negatively as
numerous faults are argued about this case.
Doping in sport, is arguably, the most talked about and controversial issue today, with very little
change on it. Although, there has been a substantial increase in the use of it, (Dimeo, 2013) states
Anti–doping regulations were only established in the 1960's, and serves as a useful reminder of an
important but neglected fact about drug use. There is a consistent dispute against doping as, it
fluctuates through all sports and have been demonised by society as it is considered as unethical.
The International Association of Athletics (IAAF) was the first international sports federation, in
1928, to ban performance–enhancing drugs (IAAF, 2003). Followed by the World Anti–Doping
Agency (WADA) and The International Olympic Committee (IOC). An athletes' engagement in
competing is very important. It is their desire to gain any possible advantage to have an edge on
their opponents and will do anything in their power to be the best. Doping is discriminated due to,
being an unequal playing field and being harmful. This study explores the strengths and weaknesses
of these ethical objections and the sociological theories on the use of drugs in sport.
A common argument against doping in sport shifts from the concept that, there should be a level
playing field for athletes and competition. A connection between doping and wrongness is
noticeable as, it is argued that doping is banned because it is cheating or unfair (Meller, Waddington
and Hoberman, 2015). In some cases, doping in sports is 'cheating' because the athlete is breaking
their contractual obligations, in sports that it is prohibited. (Green, 2004 and Schermer, 2006) define
cheating as being the intentional violation of a rule, that is used in common language as an
indication to many different forms of deception, and fraud that are intended to gain some benefit for
oneself. Cheating essentially involves the intent to gain an unfair advantage (Feezell, 2010). Unfair
in the sense that the athlete has gained themselves a greater

Competing Against Doping
Competing Against Doping Sport is thought of as an activity that is governed by a set of rules and is
engaged in competitively, while doping is the idea of using banned natural or synthetic substance for
the purpose of enhancing performance in sport. In this paper I will argue against the fallacies
presented on the topic of allowing doping in sports. I will argue that the notion of doping in sports is
not based on sound moral reasoning and given the choice, not all athletes will chose to dope. The
idea of doping in sport has been around since the early 19th century, with the first ever case being
recorded at the 1896 Bordeaux–Paris race following the death of Welsh cyclist Arthur Lindon
(European Commission, 2003). I will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cycling calls for an athlete to be 19, while boxing and gymnastics have a minimum age of 17 years
old and 16 years old respectively. The youngest age requirements of all the events are for swimming
and diving at 15 and 14 years of age. With an Olympians career starting at such a young age, it
brings about the question: can an athlete really consider a two or four year ban a small penalty? The
answer is no. The average age of the athletes who participated in the 2008 Beijing Summer
Olympics was 24 years old, with the average age of retirement for a world class athlete being only
33 years of age (Strength Planet, 2008). With the Summer Olympics happening every four years, it
follows then that the average 20 year old athlete has the chance to compete in only four Olympics
before retirement. If guilty of trafficking or administering performance enhancing drugs, the chances
of qualifying are reduced to three years. The argument has been made that when "the risk of being
caught is zero, athletes will all chose to cheat" (Savulescu et al., 2008). Two problems arise from
this argument, the first being with the premise and the second with the conclusion. The premise
indicates that there will at one point be zero risk for being caught using drugs which leads to all
athletes cheating. This argument certainly models the fallacy of slippery slope. Associating no risk
of being caught with all athletes

Banning Performance-Enhancing Drugs By Athletes
Doping refers to the use of banned performance–enhancing drugs by athletes. PEDs or
performance–enhancing drugs are substances that are used to improve any form of activity
performance in humans such as strength, endurance, and speed. The use of PEDs, or doping, are
banned in most athletic governing bodies, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC),
The National Football League (NFL), The National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League
Baseball (MLB), and etc. Some PEDs include anabolic steroids, human growth hormones, blood
doping, stimulants, gene doping, and etc. Athletes use performance–enhancing drugs to aid in their
athletic performance and gain an unfair advantage against opponents who do not use those drugs.
Doping is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since professional players engage in doping, many young athletes have also engaged in doping.
There has been a rise in teen doping cases in the pasts years; as Stephanie McPherson states that,
"According to a national survey released in 2014, 11 percent of students in ninth through twelfth
grades admitted to having used synthetic HGH without a prescription" (McPherson 79). These
young athletes want to reach the highest level of the pros, so they want to emulate in the doping
behavior because they believe that they must use performance–enhancing drugs to succeed. Doping
also encourage young people to not engage in competitive sport. As Gerdes explains that, "Anti–
doping officials insist that performance–enhancing drugs hurt not only the image of competitive
sports but the athletes as well" (Gerdes 15). These athletes in the pros that engage in doping are just
very bad role models for the young athletes that are coming up. That is very bad for young athletes
because it has a negative impact on the image and the sport

The Future For Sport Management
Introduction The future for sport management in Australia appears prosperous. Over the years,
Australia has managed to develop an international reputation for sporting excellence through its
national team performances and the expansion of its sports systems (Daly, 1991; ASC, 1998;
Shilbury & Kellett, 2011). The country has managed to host some of the greatest sporting events,
notably the Olympic games, the Rugby World Cup, the Cricket World Cup, with aspirations to bring
the Football (soccer) World Cup to Australia in 2018 (ASC, 2011). International sporting events of
this scale are capable of generating considerable revenue for its sport industry, as well as the
country's economy (i.e. tourism). The Australian sport industry has become a multi–billion dollar
enterprise (ABS, 2013), and the role of sport management has been intensified as a result of this.
Australian Sport Systems Government Systems The support of government for sport has been
increasing over the last thirty years, and is now on the political agenda of the Australian government
(Shilbury & Kellett, 2011). As Australian sport and its industry began to grow and develop further
and further, sport programs were introduced in the sport system, notably the Australian Institute of
Sport (AIS). As a result of this, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC) was created in order to
coordinate sport on the government's behalf (Shilbury & Kellett, 2011). Sport Development Sport
development is a notion

Description Of 3-D Finfet Systems
The figure 1 gives a brief description of the 3–D FinFET structures which have been simulated.
According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), The gate length
(Lgate) is 15 nm, which corresponds to the 7/8–nm technology having 0.64 nm as gate– oxide
thickness. The height (HSi) and width of fin (WSi) are 40nm and 8nm respectively whereas the the
fin pitch is 30 nm and the fin aspect ratio is 5 which are taken from the characteristics of Intel 22–
nm [1] and 14–nm FinFET technology [7]. The gate work function has been assumed to be tunably
achieve an OFF–state leakage current (IOFF) of up to 30 pA/μm which has been consistent with
TSMC's 16–nm FinFET technology [8] which primarily was used for low–power ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fin sidewall surfaces along which the transistor current flows were assumed to be {110}
crystallographic planes, with transistor current flow in a ⟨110⟩ direction. To boost transistor ON–
state current, 2–GPa (tensile) uniaxial stress has been introduced in the fin channel region for
nFETs, whereas −2–GPa (compressive) uniaxial stress was introduced in the fin channel region for
pFETs.
The effective channel length (Leff) and the peak location of the PTS doping profile (Xdepth) for the
SSR FinFETs have been optimized individually such that to ensure the ON–state drive current Id,
sat is maximized, whereas maintaining the OFF–state current specification at (IOFF = 30 pA/μm).
The Table II provides an overview of the important performance parameters for the given FinFET
devices which have been optimized. Using the constant current criterion of 100 nA×(Weff/Lgate),
the threshold voltage, Vt, has been used. For operating voltage VDD = 0.80 V (consistent with ITRS
2013 specifications for the 7/8–nm low–power technology node [6]), SSR FinFET provides for
3.6% and 3.8% improvement in Id,sat for nFETs and pFETs, respectively. The benefit of higher
carrier mobility is greater for operation in the linear regime (Vgs = 0.8 V and Vds = 50 mV): SSR
FinFET provides for 6.7% and 6% improvement

Sports Enhancing Drugs Is Great for sports: Personal...
Sports are full of entertainment and great players. Imagine if the players were boosted with skills
and performed like the monster on the movie Space Jam. This would be amazing if you never
watched space jam I highly recommended you do so. The movie was great; it had one of the worlds
best athletes in it Michal Jordan. He is known as one of the greatest basketball players ever to play
the game. Space jam can show how an extra boost can improve players' game play to the next level.
Athletes should be able to use sports enhancing drugs to boost performance for better play and fan
entertainment. Think of a world where athletes are stronger, faster and more physical then today
normal athletes. This would be great for fans that enjoy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With all this evidence that great players use banned drugs. It should be allowed in the games to
create more great players. So many fans are let down when they hear that their favorite athlete
accomplished their goals by cheating. So why not change the rules to make the fans happy? We have
seen throughout history that sport enhancing drugs leave a dark shadow over the sports world, it
seems it will always be around sports, so why not make it part of the game. Allowing players to use
Sports enhancing drugs would be great. Players wouldn't have to lie about how they got where they
got. They could build better relationships with their fans. As a fan of sports it breaks my heart to
hear my favorite player cheated, it turns them into the bad guy.
In reality athletes are using sport enhancement drugs to gain an edge on performance, make more
money and gain quicker results in their profession. If athletes are found using sports enhancing
drugs they could be fined, stripped of metals, trophies and face suspension. But ultimately their
name is ruined because there're known for cheating. Mark McGwire admitted to using a sport
enhancing drug when he broke the single season home run record in 1998(Cons). There was so
much controversy over him cheating, it impacted him negatively. With the career he had, he was
supposed to make the hall of fame, but due to cheating he still hasn't got inducted. This should
change because he broke

Importance Of Doping In Sports
Should performance enhancing drugs remain prohibited in elite competitions?
Doping in sport has been prominent since the Olympics were first introduced in Ancient Greece,
with competitors supposedly ingesting Strychnine as a performance enhancer (Fitch, 2012). This has
continued into today with new research commencing weekly investigating performers using
performance enhancing drugs in a world where the difference between first and second can cost an
athlete millions in sponsorship and reward money. The regulation of doping in sport was not
introduced until the 1960's, when the sudden death of a cyclist at the 1960 Rome Olympics was
attributed to the amphetamines in his system taken as a performance enhancer. Consequently this
kick started the fight against doping with the IOC creating a list of prohibited substances in 1967,
containing mostly stimulants. World Anti–Doping Agency (2003 [online]) states that "The spirit of
sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body, and mind." and is characterised as keeping true to
"ethics, fair play and honesty; health; and respect for rules and laws." (p.3), this alludes to the fact
that doping is in breach of these characteristics and should be eradicated to maintain the spirit of
sport. This essay will review current thinking about performance enhancing drugs in elite
competitions, the research undertaken and the resolutions suggested.
Savulescu et al., (2004) argues that lifting the prohibition on doping with some drugs would

Say No to Doping!
Doping in sports has been one of the most discussed issues by the world; either by the free writers or
the body of agencies related with sports. The discussion about this kind of issue has started long
time ago but it became more controversial and intense when Lance Armstrong, who won the 2002
Tour de France by leaving his nearest rival 7 seconds behind, failed the drug test (Cashmore) . Ellis
Cashmore, a professor of culture, media, and sports at Staffordshire University in the United
Kingdom, through his article, "Making Sense of Sports" , came up with an argument that drug
should be allowed in sports. In the article, he effectively countered the argument of some people out
there that taking drug will lead to the unfair competition. As we are from the generation who are
never bored of seeking the best in human ability, the usage of drug is crucial in order to boost the
performance of the athlete. The prohibition of drug usage in sports surely will affect the athletes'
performances and next lead to the turning off by the fans and this is surely a thing needs to be taken
into account (Cashmore) . I, myself, agree with Ellis Cashmore that drug should be allowed in sports
and I will explain my argument in terms of the misconception about drug, the role of drug in
promising competitive sports, and the function of drug in maintaining athletes' health. First, in order
to change the entire rule of sports by allowing the presence of drug in sports, the misconception
about

Doping: The Legalization Of Performance Enhancing Sporting...
Doping is the use of banned performance enhancing drugs in order to augment sporting
performance. Enhancing sporting performance through the use of banned substances is considered
unethical and therefore is banned by most of the international sports organisations, including the
International Olympic Committee. Those in favour of doping argue that the audience have an
interest in seeing the best performance possible and factors making a performance more enjoyable
for the audience include many that can be improved by performance enhancing drugs. They also
argue that legalising drugs would save the money spent on testing, and that drug testing does not
work – and often catches more innocent than guilty. Also, those who believe performance enhancing
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the short term, steroids can strengthen muscles, bones and tendons. The drugs allow athletes to
train harder and longer, with fewer injuries. Athletes often use drugs for short periods, then stop
days or weeks before they get tested to allow the drugs to leave their system. It has to be pointed out
that performance enhancing drugs have an extremely negative impact on long term health. They can
cause heart and liver damage, stunt in growth in adolescents, and an increased risk of blood clots.
Bearing in mind, damage to these organs can cause death. In 2009, Sports Illustrated surveyed
Olympic athletes and half of all athletes surveyed said they would be willing to take performance
enhancing drugs even if it did kill them eventually. Allowing performance enhancing drugs
promotes unhealthy and dangerous behaviour. Amateur sports players would be encouraged to take
steroids is professional athletes openly did it. Bearing in mind that amateur sports players do not
have the access to medical support or advice that professional athletes do this would pose a much
greater danger to them. In conclusion, it seems obvious that athletes caught doping should be
banned for life and should not be given a 'second chance.' These athletes take performance
enhancing drugs purely out of choice and to give them a competitive advantage over other athletes.
They know that doping is forbidden by their sporting committee and still choose to dope which

Preventing PEDs in Professional Sports Essay
The use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) among athletes in professional sports has caused
an outrage all around the world for many years.
The use of PEDs not only affects the athlete that chooses to use them, but also the athletes they are
competing against, other teams, and the team or country they are representing ("Survey Reveals"). It
is important for athletes to maintain a good reputation in competition, because they need to represent
their team in a positive manner and not create suspicion or problems surrounding the athlete and the
team. Using PEDs will cause negative issues and poor reputations for the affected team. For
instance, Austrian skier Johannes Duerr admitted to using EPO and was eliminated from
competition. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many professional sports including baseball, basketball, and most Olympic sports have suffered
doping cases. These teams and countries have had many issues surrounding the use of PEDs and
getting past scandals and controversies involving athletes who used PEDs to gain competitive edge.
Countries such as the United States, Austria, Jamaica, Switzerland, and Kenya have also had a great
amount of PED issues of their own over time and are attempting to create broader policies and
consequences regarding PED use among their athletes (Macur). Future athletes need to be educated
and understand that performance enhancing drugs are wrong and violate the rules of sportsmanship
(Survey Reveals). Many professional sports associations, including the National Football League
(NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League Baseball (MLB), and even the
International Olympic Committee (IOC) take the use of performance enhancing drugs, or PED's, by
athletes and coaches very seriously. They have imposed harsher consequences and have created
more frequent testing protocols. All are developing stronger methods to prevent use of in the years
to come. There are several possible effective solutions to prevent future use of PEDs in professional
sports. The first possible solution is increased use of blood testing as opposed to other testing
methods such as urine tests. Blood testing has been

An Article On The World Anti Doping Agency
On June 9th, 2016, an article written by ESPN Senior Writer, Darren Rovell, was published on
ESPN.com regarding Maria Sharapova's two–year suspension over a positive doping test result
(Rovell, 2016). Maria Sharapova, the highest–paid female athlete today, announced in March 2016
that she tested positive for taking meldonium, a banned substance that was recently added to the
World Anti–Doping Agency's (WADA) prohibited substance list. Initially, the International Tennis
Federation (ITF) suspended Sharapova for two years but after an appeal to the Court of Arbitration
for Sport (CAS) by the Sharapova team, the Russian tennis star's suspension was reduced to 15
months and she can return to competition in April 2017. Meldonium is a heart drug that is available
for purchase over the counter in Russia. This drug is believed to help the body produce energy in a
more efficient manner. Sharapova was unintentionally committing a doping violation, which is the
ethical issue in this situation. She had been taking meldonium since 2006 to help her manage
multiple health problems. Sharapova however, was not the only athlete that tested positive for
meldonium. There were around 172 athletes in total, 40 whom were Russian that also failed a drug
test for taking meldonium. This affected Russia's attendance in the Rio Olympic Games as a number
of athletes were banned from participating in the Games for their meldonium intake. Sharapova's
ethical orientation affects her behaviour and the

Should Sports Doping Be Banned?
Doping in Sports As Richard (Dick) Butkus once said, "There is a myth out there that somehow
anabolic steroids can turn a cub into a bear. Steroids won't make you tough and competitive. What
they will do is ruin your health. It's that simple." The use of prohibited substances in sports has had a
major timeline. Using drugs in sports goes back to ancient times. Prohibited substances are used in
almost every single sport. Doping in sports is definitely a form of cheating. The athletes who use
drugs are gaining an edge over the athletes who are working hard and respecting the sport to get
where they want to be and it is not fair to them. This topic is important because doping in sports has
been a major problem since forever. Doping in sports really affects your health and there are athletes
out there that have died from using drugs in sports. People think that doping in sports is completely
wrong and definitely cheating because the athletes who are using drugs in sports are getting an edge
over the ones who aren't using drugs and working their asses off to get where they want to be and it
just isn't fair to them. Doping in sports has been a major problem since forever. Athletes in sports are
finding ways to use drugs in sports and not get caught and that is unacceptable. As stated in the
article of "Doping", here is a fact founded, "Doping is a term that refers to the use of prohibited
substances to improve an athlete's performance in sporting events. Most people consider

Steroids and Sports Don’t Mix Essay
The problems of doping in sports began to surface in the late 1950's, because of rumors that coaches
were allowing players to use performance–enhancing drugs. The 1956 Olympic Games where
plagued with athletes using performance–enhancing drugs, so countries began to speak out against
the harm that drugs were causing to the athletes and the sport (6 Anonymous). Long–term use of
performance–enhancing drugs will destroy athlete's bodies.
Doping is the use of illegal substances that is harmful to athlete's health and is capable of enhancing
performance. Doping also refers to the presence of drugs in the athlete's blood or urine. So, doping
in other words is cheating and can be detrimental to the individual reputation and the sport. There ...
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With this new technology athletes that test positive for banned drugs will be suspended from
competition.
Athlete's train hard for the sport they compete in, but only dedicated athletes honestly prepares to
compete. The Montreal in 1973, reported seven male weightlifters from six different nations tested
positive and was disqualified because of anabolic steroids use (8 Oakley). Anabolic steroids are
testosterone. Testosterone is the growth hormone of boy's (54 Nelson). Testosterone has two major
types of action: androgenic and anabolic (8 Oakley). Androgenic affects stimulants the hair growth
on men faces and changes their voice. Women develop manly features like; lots of hair on the face
and a deep voice (8 Oakley). The anabolic effect increases muscle strength rapidly, but tissues and
tendons are not strengthening with the muscle (55 Nelson). Increased muscle strength and weakened
tissues and tendons cause a body imbalance. This imbalance can be life threatening.
Two percent of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders use anabolic steroids (1 Mathias). Among these junior
high and high school students using steroids are kids who are involved in physical training activities
because anabolic steroids increase muscle mass, strength, and stamina (2 Mathias). Anabolic
steroids can have severe affects on youth too. These steroids are known to have both physical and
psychological affects on youth (2 Mathias). Physical affects include stunted growth, high blood
pressure, and

The Pros And Cons Of Drug Testing In Sports
Eugene Robinson from the Washington post once stated "Most fans watch sports...to see people
unlike themselves perform extraordinary physical feats. The superhuman quality of professional
athletes is precisely what Americans admire about them" (CITE) Drug testing was created to stop
the use of performance enhancements as artificial stimulants for physical and mental enhancements.
(CITE) Drugs which are used by athletes in all types of sports have many advantages and
disadvantages. Therefore, laws were created to keep an equal playing field.
The use of drugs date back to the ancient Olympic games. This is where the word doping originated
from which was the Greek word "doop" (CITE). Performance enhancing substances also known as
steroids are used for the improvement of human activity. Because drug use is also a huge thing
outside the United States the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) was created
as the first international governing body to prohibit doping. However, at the 1960's Olympic the first
athlete to die of doping was of the name Knut Jensen. He was a Danish cyclist who was found with
narcotics in his system which resulted to his death. In result, the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) was established to fight doping. The United States created their own anti–doping agency
called United States Anti–Doping Agency (USADA). Therefore, drug testing is an important factor
in professional sports world–wide.
Drug testing is used in many sports. For

Drugs Should Be Legalized : Should Drugs Be Legalized?
Should be legalised:
Clean playing field/ Money costs/ Control and regulate safety standards/Cleaner Drug/ Athletes
ahead of the game
Imagine a playing field where everyone was equal and there was no need to worry about if your
team mate wasn't going to pass the up and coming drug test or if the pill you were given by your
coach was going to fail you in the next doping test. If drugs were legalised in sport it would mean
everyone would have the choice and option to take enhancing drugs to help them with things such as
recovery, fatigue and muscle growth. Athletes would all have the fair advantage of being able to
have access to these substances with no one being ahead or behind in anyway. Some athletes now
days already have advantage to other athletes such as things like physiotherapist's, nutritionists,
coaches these already are an advantage for some athletes who only work by themselves so why not
make it legal for everyone to have the access to these enhancing drugs so the playing field is equal
to all. Doping in sport is said to be an unfair advantage to other competitors but it is the athlete's
choice whether they take these supplements or not. The unfair advantage in many cases such as in
Australia they spent more $300million dollars to prepare athletes for the last Olympics compared to
only New Zealand investing $60million dollars. If this isn't already a disadvantage to kiwi athletes it
shouldn't be okay to have this large disadvantage and not allow athletes to take sport enhancing
drugs which are available to all athletes which makes it more equal and fair.
New Zealand's society has continued to be impacted by the doping community. Each year the anti–
doping organisation world–wide have said to put $300million dollars into testing for drugs and
making sure that we stick to the clean safe environment. By making drugs in sport legal could put
this money towards things such as helping athletes get the correct safe drugs needed to perform not
substances that will cause harm to the athletes. By allowing safe use of drugs, ensures that these
athletes have an understanding, of where each substance is coming from and what is contained
inside each pill or steroid. It will allow for our sporting family to have

Doping Testing And Doping Tests
Doping dates back to ancient Greek where athletes took special diets to make themselves stronger.
In the 19th Century, substances such as caffeine, alcohol and cocaine were used to enhance
performance among long distance athletes. In 1904, for example, Thomas Hicks won the marathon
by taking raw eggs, doses of brandy administered during the race and injections of strychnine. By
the year 1920s, people realized that restrictions had to be created regarding the use of drugs in
sports. In 1928, IAAF was the first sports federation to ban doping fir the use of stimulating
substances. In 1930, the problem became worse because of the introduction of synthetic hormones,
and the IAAF lacked the proper equipment to detect doping of such kinds. By 1960, doping was a
big issue because of the death of an athlete Knud Jensen during the Olympics games in Mexico. An
autopsy revealed the presence of amphetamine a performance enhancement drug.
In 1966, FIFA and Cycling were the first sports to introduce doping tests in their world
championships. The International Olympics Committee followed suit the following year, and it
tested athletes in the 1968 Olympic Games. By the year 1999, the IOC convened the first World
Conference on Doping in Sports, which lead to the formation of the World Anti–Doping Agency
(WADA) on November of the same year. By 200, the fight against the use of EPO was ongoing and
tests were undertaken during the Sydney Olympics. Currently, more research is undertaken

Should Sports Doping Be Doping?
Doping in sports. At present, the problem of the use of doping by athletes is acute for professional
sports. The solution of this task immediately entails chain of related questions: how to improve the
system of doping control, what drugs to prohibit to use, what measures to show to athletes who
violated the rules.But what do we know about doping, in addition, what do the media and the people
profit from it? Looking at the situation of modern sports on the other hand, it can be argued that
much more important is another risk: to dispel all myths surrounding the problem of using doping in
sport and outline the reality.This paper will deal with operating principle of doping and the
consequences of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the real beginning of the modern era of doping should be considered 1935, when the injection
testosterone was created. First used by Nazi doctors to increase the aggression of the soldiers, a little
later he confidently entered the sport with the Olympic athletes of Germany in 1936 at the Berlin
Olympics. Later in 1955, physiologist John Ziegler developed a modified synthetic testosterone for
the US national weightlifting team, it was Dianabol. The invented Dianabol soon became widely
available and compulsory for weightlifters, football players, runners and sportsmen of sports game.
The effect of the Dianabol is to increase protein synthesis and help the muscles recover faster after
hard training(Muller 2,6).
According to the definition of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee,
doping is the introduction into the body of athletes by any means (in the form of injections, pills,
inhalation, etc. )of pharmacological drugs that artificially raise the working capacity and athletic
performance. In addition, various kinds of manipulations with biological fluids, produced for the
same purposes, are also referred to as doping. According to this definition, doping, a
pharmacological preparation can be considered only if it or the products of its decay can be
determined in body fluids (blood, urine) with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. Currently,
the following 5 groups are

Gene Doping Essay
Gene Doping is defined as using "Forbidden substances or methods to increase physical and or
mental performance" (go.galegroup.com). Gene doping is banned from athletics, and very
dangerous to use, mainly for the body. There are some pluses to the drug, it helps with dangerous
diseases, helps people gain strength back, and also helps them become more resistant to being
winded. Even though it is good for the sick, for the healthy it plays the same role but it is very
dangerous because there are unknown side effects that even doctors don't know about. Gene therapy
is very important for anemia, muscular dystrophy, and peripheral vascular disease. "The therapy
helps by putting more oxygen in tissues, putting more oxygen in the blood, and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The removal of the gene for myostatin causes differentiation in the muscle." The muscles would
likely become very big and strong pulling on surrounding tendons and bones that might cause tears
or fractures. Gene doping is very dangerous and can ruin athletes careers, but they still decide to use
because it helps them in a tremendous way. It enhances their ability to perform certain things, but it
will catch up with them one day when they get caught and banned from the association they're with.
The WADA states that "the best way to prevent gene doping is a combination of regulation,
education, and research." To protect athletes and to be more equal and competitive, the WADA has
banned the use of gene doping in sports associations. "Agencies that could strengthen WADA's role
as a global regulator in the doping fight wants to ensure that WADA has the authority to investigate
suspected doping violations" (go.galegroup.com). They also want to give the WADA more resources
so it can develop better anti doping monitoring systems. There isn't a way to test gene doping with
current technologies, the governments and sports organizations are starting to have policies
regarding the use of gene therapies by healthy athletes. If the WADA really wants to help stop the
misuse of gene

Drugs And Sports : The Use Of Drugs In Sports
Drugs in sports, also known as doping, is very common around the world. The usage of drugs in
sport goes way back, about all the way back to where the concept of sports was invented, during the
1960's. Doping is a practice that has been going on since the time of "ancient Greek athletes, who
supposedly ate herbs, sesame seeds, dried figs, and mushrooms for this purpose" (Hoberman, 1992,
104).In ancient times, when the fittest of a nation were selected as athletes or combatants, they were
fed diets and given treatments considered beneficial. For instance, Scandinavian mythology says
Berserkers could drink a mixture called "butotens", to greatly increase their physical power at the
risk of insanity. One theory is that the mixture was prepared from the Amanita muscaria mushroom,
though this has been disputed. The German missionary and doctor Albert Schweitzer wrote of
Gabon in the early 19th century: "The people of the country can, having eaten certain leaves or
roots, toil vigorously all day without feeling hungry, thirsty or tired and all the time showing a
happiness and gaiety. In ancient Rome , where chariot racing had become a huge part of their
culture, athletes drank herbal infusions to strengthen them before chariot races.
Many athletes use drugs to make them stronger and faster to win the competition. One of the most
known news about it was when Michael Phelps used steroids in the 2008 Olympics. Even though all
the tests came negative, he still got caught and that is when doping was starting to be more of an
issue. Matthew Irby, a reporter for the Bleacher Report stated, "The drug that Phelps has allegedly
tested positive for is a rarely used and/or seen steroid, DDP. DDP stands for Delphinus Delphis
Ponticus." DDP builds endurance in an athlete by increasing the production of oxygen–rich red
blood cells. Similar to its sister drug EPO, DDP has been modified so that it targets specific areas of
endurance and recovery for swimmers. Given the advantage of taking the illegal steroid, a swimmer
could performer better during races and then recover quicker if another race was soon to come. After
this 2008 incident, Phelps was then tested sixteen times the 2016 olympics. Phelps was not at all
bothered by

The Importance Of Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports
Is it okay to use performance enhancing drugs in sport? Some people would agree because they
would say that taking enhancing drugs improves athletes' performance which makes the sport more
interesting. The more interesting the sport, the more fans are gained. Most athletes say they dope
because everyone else is doing it and they need to do it if they still want to be the best. However, if
doping could be put to an end altogether then everyone would have an equal chance at being the best
and the winner would be the one who worked the hardest instead of who found the best drugs to use.
Doping has diminished the value of sportsmanship.
On the banned drug list, there are five different types, the most well known being steroids and
hormones. Although they are performance enhancing, they have been banned by the sports'
governing bodies. In some sports athletes use steroids to become bigger and stronger, but in other
sports such as swimming and cycling, they use performance enhancing drugs that are called
anabolic steroids. These are effective for a short period of time because they increase red blood cell
production. This allows the athletes' muscles to work more efficiently because they now have more
oxygen. This is how many athletes have been able to break old records with each race.
It is not okay to take performance enhancing drugs because sport is about fairness, health and talent.
Fairness is what makes the game interesting. The spirit of sportsmanship is to

Sports Doping : The Pros And Cons Of Sports
The start of sports doping has started with ancient gladiators to the 2017 winter Olympics. There is
always the debate over which is correct. "Human nature is to find the quickest and fastest way to a
solution, and in sports and competition, that solution is winning." according to weebly.com page (1).
However, a debate is just two different opinions. Some people believe it is beneficial for athletes
others say it's dangerous for the health. This can be hard to choose which way to go but it is not
about sides. It's two different opinions at two different points that have one thing in common. Just
like sports doping has the pros of maintaining health through the season or the choice of an athlete
to improve their skills and themselves. Cons can include the health in future to the morals. However,
they both have the one thing that the athletes strive and use always is their health. It is always good
to look at the start of all problems and learn the information of the subject. The subject is athletes
with sports doping with all sides of an open opinion to the pros and con. And, always recognize the
common ground with anything.
Sports doping hasn't always been not accepted as the social society changes athlete's world so can
point to views. In today's society not much gets accepted or viewed as good. But, in ancient times
the gladiators would take drugs to upgrade their performances. But there are two points of view in
sports doping we know of the pros and cons in each. It's

Doping in Sports and the Current Issues for Management
Once and for all, I did not use steroids or any other illegal substance. (Mark McGwire) Doping in
Sport and the current issues and challenges for sport management, how did it all start and what now?
Sports in the world have been generating billions and billions of dollars for years. This money
comes from sponsorships, media rights, and legal gambling. All of a sudden, out of know where
several sports have been destroyed by doping. Doping has questioned the integrity of most sports on
a global scale. A combination of sports businesses and the federal government has joined forces to
place laws and punishments to stop the use of both performance enhancing and recreational drugs.
For years it has been argued that small progress has been made due to ineffective plans and
strategies for dealing with doping in sports because of commitment from the organization within.
Many have opinions on the poor management and lack of reliable information to implement an
appropriate doping policy. (Doping in sports, 2014)
The use of banned performance–enhancing drugs in sports is called doping. Using drugs to enhance
performance is frowned on and is looked at from most as cheating and unethical. The reasons to shut
down this form of cheating are mainly because of the health risk that comes with it, wanting all
athletes to be equal in a since, and to push for a drug–free sport for all. Anti–doping authorities state
that using performance–enhancing drugs goes against the "spirit of sport".

Key Content Or Arguments Presented
Key content or arguments presented:
This article by Nick Atkin begins by illustrating the 'rush' that many reporters experienced as soon
as the knowledge of Ben Johnson's doping scandal was relayed to them. The franticness and rapid
haste to compose and publish the first article on the matter just represents how influential and
distinguished Ben Johnson was as an athlete.
Despite the fact that drug taking is not ethical, nor admirable, a reporter by the name of Lawton
recalls, "The race was stupendous, arguably the most riveting thing I've seen". This suggests that
although there are so many risks, dangers and negative impacts of drug use, there is a positive
viewpoint on the issue that it does make watching sport more interesting and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Before 1988, there had not really been a huge incident involving drugs in sport, and it didn't seem as
much of a problem, however Ben Johnson brought attention to it as such. The way doping has been
viewed from that point onwards has dramatically changed since.
Mr. Lawton states that, "Doping must have become a lot more sophisticated", as Hubbard observes
that, "The chemists are always one step ahead, working on measures to mask tests." The issue of
doping and performance–enhancing drugs in sport cannot be contained or abolished, because
scientists and specialists are producing new drugs and ways of hiding them faster than they are
being discovered and detected by WADA and other organisations. Harp believes that the elimination
of drugs in sport is "...impossible, there's as much chance as stamping out prostitution". There will
always be an athlete with an unfair advantage, and athletes would rather go against their own moral
conscience than risk their livelihood in admitting to using drugs to enhance their performance.
Finally, Ben Johnson's doping history has meant that viewers of future athletic achievements have
become sceptical and unable to trust that an athlete has attained such a feat on only biological and
natural ability. Of course, this scandal is not the only reason that audiences have reservations about
the legitimacy of their

Doping is a Fool’s Game
All athletes of all sports on a professional level must be required to undergo drug testing for
performance enhancing drugs prior to participating in any sporting event to ensure an equal level
playing field for all competing athletes, no matter the sport. Furthermore, performance enhancing
drugs are illegal and must remain this way in order to keep fairness in the competitive world of
sports.
The bottom line is that athletes should not be able to do performance enhancing drugs and continue
to be allowed to performance in these sports. The unfairness of doing these drugs does not allow for
a fair game. Ultimately, these cheating athletes are superior in the field and dominate the other
athletes that do not take steroids and how can you call that a fair game when the athletes are not
equal in performance due to a enhancing drug.
To further the argument, performance enhancing drugs must remain against the law to protect the
athlete's health and well being. If today's athletes are going to be so careless and take these drugs,
we as a society must step in and take control of what these athletes are putting in their bodies. And if
they continue to break the law by taking performance enhancing drugs, then they must suffer the
consequences by possibly being banned from the sport for an extended period of time or a lifetime
ban, which is would a result of their salaries and livelihood, endorsements and possible prison time.
We must take this issue with more than a grain

Anti Doping Negatives
The purpose of this report is to outline how WADA (World Anti–Doping Agency) and ASADA
(Australian Sport Anti–Doping Authority, 2017) outline the positives and negatives of anti–doping
and how these affect the players and stakeholders. Another point that will be discussed is how these
policies work and if they can be change. Doping is when athletes take performance enhancing drugs
in order to become better at their sport. Doping was first used by the ancient romans in gladiator
sports. (Harvard, 2017 Oct 9) The term doping comes from the Dutch word "dop", which was an
alcoholic beverage used by South African Zulu warriors (Harvard, 2017 Oct 9) Doping is becoming
more wide spread due to the fact that athletes want to be better than everyone else. Money is playing
a huge reason in why people are doping. More sponsors more money. So once one person starts
doping another person will. Just so they can be the best at their particular sport. Some examples of
substances that are used include steroids which increases your testosterone will give you muscle
growth, endurance and your performance more, blood doping which is less common but manly used
in cycling is when you boost the amount of red blood cells in your system so it carry's more oxygen
to your muscles, analgesics are used to relieve pain when you are injured which enables you to train
while injured so you stay fit and healthy. (Reuters Kelland, K. (2017) These are just some examples
of doping. There are over 200

Review of UKSports Anti-Doping Policy Essay
"The two major justifications for the ban on the use of performance–enhancing drugs in sport relate
to the protection of the health of athletes, and the maintenance of fair competition"
(Black, 1996; as cited by Waddington, 2000)
The main objective of the U.K. Statement of the Anti–doping Policy stems from this. The aim is to
ensure that the various governing bodies of sport in the United Kingdom have consistent and regular
sets of policies and regulations in order to "protect the rights of athletes to compete drug–free" (U.K.
Statement of Anti–doping Policy). This policy, (January 2002) published by U.K. Sport, was
considered "a major landmark in the fight for drug–free sport". It was an attempt to set standards in
accordance with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UK Sport's role is also clearly defined in the policy. UK Sport will have to agree an annual anti–
doping programme, consisting of testing (where appropriate), education and information, with the
Governing Bodies and also assist with its delivery. They will have to guarantee the confidentiality of
information arising from programmes except where it is required, in order to provide transparency
and accountability for public funding and the integrity of the testing programme. UK Sport will also
report to the designated official, within the Governing Body, both negative and positive test
outcomes, within an agreed timeframe. Again, they will assist, as required, with the provision of
information to the review, investigative hearing or appeal panels. Training workshops will be
provided for Governing Bodies, on operational and legal issues. Governing Bodies will also have to
be supported with advice and guidance, from the Anti–Doping Programme, team to achieve
programme delivery arising from the policy. Supporting, independent advice on complex scientific
or medical issues will also be provided by UK Sport, who will also promote an independent dispute
resolution system for sport. Finally, UK Sport will have to continue independent, high quality
collection services, as well as assisting Governing Bodies with the monitoring and reporting of
results.
Furthermore, according to the policy, Sports Councils have the power to withdraw funding from
athletes who have come

The Importance Of Doping In Sports
Doping in sport has been prominent since the Olympics were first introduced in Ancient Greece,
with competitors supposedly ingesting Strychnine as a performance enhancer (Fitch, 2012). This has
continued into today with new research commencing weekly investigating performers using
performance enhancing drugs in a world where the difference between first and second can cost an
athlete millions in sponsorship and reward money. The regulation of doping in sport was not
introduced until the 1960's, when the sudden death of a cyclist at the 1960 Rome Olympics was
attributed to the amphetamines in his system taken as a performance enhancer. Consequently this
kick started the fight against doping with the IOC creating a list of prohibited substances in 1967,
containing mostly stimulants. World Anti–Doping Agency (2003 [online]) states that "The spirit of
sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body, and mind." and is characterised as keeping true to
"ethics, fair play and honesty; health; and respect for rules and laws." (p.3), this alludes to the fact
that doping is in breach of these characteristics and should be eradicated to maintain the spirit of
sport. This essay will review current thinking about performance enhancing drugs in elite
competitions, the research undertaken and the resolutions suggested.
Savulescu et al., (2004) argues that lifting the prohibition on doping with some drugs would level
the playing field in elite competitions as it would eliminate genetic

Speech On Doping Games
The recent instances of doping involving Rio–bound Indian athletes, shot putter Inderjit Singh and
wrestler Nar Singh Yadav, have shown that India is not far behind in the "Doping Games", where the
Russians reign supreme now. Doping is an age old phenomenon in sports. And, the unpleasant truth
is that as long as sports exist, doping will also be there. In recent times, the doping menace has
grown as a monster engulfing all categories of athletes in competitive sports, starting form schools
to international games including Olympic champions. By definition, doping is the use of any
substance or method to artificially enhance sports performance. The sports governing bodies do not
accept this practice and have formed World Anti Doping Agency ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The drug can also cause aggressive behaviour. Stimulants can cause irregular heartbeats and cardiac
arrest and diuretics can cause dehydration leading to sudden death. Drug testing in sports, contrary
to what people believe, is a costly affair. It cost Rs 20,000 per test. Where will the money come from
for carrying out tests in large numbers? As a matter of fact, every athlete in a competition cannot be
subjected to doping tests. The tests are carried out normally in urine samples. For testing
erythropoietin and growth hormone blood sample is also collected from the athlete. The sample
collection has to be carried out as per WADA guidelines and in India, it is the National Anti Doping
Agency (NADA), which is an extended arm of WADA. The sample analysis has to be done in a
WADA accredited laboratories. There are 33 such laboratories across the world and one of them is
the National Drug Testing Laboratory (NDTL) in New Delhi. The test results are given within 48
hours or 10 days depending on the charges levied for

Legalization of Doping in Professional Sports
The incident of Ben Johnson's steroid disgrace during the Olympics of 1988 was not the genesis of
drug use in sport. The use of performance improving drugs has a history with research indicating
cases dating back to the creation of Olympic Games. Doping has shaken most, if not all of the sports
competitions today. A lot of winners in various sport categories have been stripped their medals due
positive elements of drug and substances in their blood or urine during tests. Sportsmen and women
have been subjected to drug test frequently with those having positive results getting disqualified
from competing.
There are various types of doping drugs in sport which include; Steroids, body development
hormone, stimulants, blood doping for increased performance in competition. Performance
enhancing drugs has a huge market in the world with billions of dollars in flow.
Proponents of drug ban have enough reasons to support their course, with most of them pointing at;
reverence for guidelines of sport, acknowledgement that ordinary abilities and their aptness are the
argument of sports, and the vision of an arms race in physical performance. Performance
augmenting tablets have the influence to overcome variances in ordinary abilities and the inclination
to expense and endure in the pursuit to effect those aptitudes. For the worth of sport they contend,
there must be a level playing ground for all competitors. The use of drugs can lead to loss of what
has been achieved in sports for

Doping And Its Effect On Athletes
Doping has been present in sport since professional competition began and can be traced back to
Ancient Greece. In the last century, doping has escalated as a problem due to physical advantages it
gives athletes and health risks associated with long term use (Derse & Wilson, 2001). For doping
prevention to be successful support staff must establish boundaries and understand motives behind
an athletes' decision to dope, including ethical considerations. Ethical decision–making is the ability
to distinguish morally what is right and wrong (Brand, Melzer, & Elbe, 2010). Doping can be
defined as use of a substance or method to enhance appearance and/or performance to gain an unfair
advantage in competitive sport. For a drug to be banned in sport it needs to be evaluated as being
harmful to the human body, have potential to enhance performance, and violate sporting ethics
(Novick & Steen, 2014). Social networks within the sporting community have an effect on athletes'
perception towards doping, influencing athletes' ethical views. Testing systems are used to deter
athletes from doping; however, undesirable attitudes towards testing methods developed by Anti–
Doping Personnel (ADP) exist due to inconsistent and unreliable practices. Sporting ethics are
expected to be maintained through excellence, hard work, and 'fair play'; however disparity exists
towards what is perceived as 'fair play' regarding Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs
(PIEDs). Professional athletes feel

Doping : Doping And Doping
From the beginning of when mankind played competitive sports, they have sought to gain a cutting
edge against their enemies. Uncommonly, there are records of the use of enhancing drugs that goes
back to historical times. Doping is questionable the most talked about in today's sports. Doping
basically refers to the illegal use of drugs, mostly steroids, which are aimed at improving the
performance of athletes. Doping has proved to be quite a setback in sporting competitions since
athletes who do not deserve medals and some competitive titles end up being crowned as the
winners. This topic has a very great weight since top athletes such as Lance Armstrong, Alex
Rodriguez as well as Marion Jones have been on the limelight of the doping cases. These athletes
tested positive for the performance enhanced drugs and as such, all the accomplishments starting
from their medals and great titles were withdrawn. In this case, the three just serve as some
examples to others who still use the drugs. Chiefly, dopers should be stripped of their names and
medals since doping cases present a great shame to varied sports, tarnish the name of great athletes,
give the dopers unfair physical advantage against the competitors and present false notions to the
spectators concerning the strength and abilities of the athletes. Clearly, the famous athletes are
described as heroes as well as mythical figures by the spectators. For instance, "Lance Armstrong
had been known as an American

The Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Popularly Known As...
Management of doping in sport
Student's name
Professor
Course
Date
Literature review
Introduction
The current issue in sport particularly athletics is the use of performance enhancing drugs popularly
known as doping. Spectacular doping cases have risen in the sporting arena that has caused
unexpected situations and annoyed the public who are the fans. People have limited knowledge
regarding doping though it is an ancient time issue. As a result, some people believe that all
professional athletes have always been doped to achieve the standards of good performance and
even compete and win in most of the great tournaments (Anderson, 2013). However, the number of
athletes that have been positively tested has been small and almost non–representative thus raising
suspension that only a few athletes are the influence of drugs. This is not therefore enough to make a
generalized conclusion concerning the world of sports.
Overview of doping The high rewards in selective tournaments require that competitors possess
some features such as high level of practice and sacrifice regarding energy and time. Others have
gone to the extremes of using questionable methods and behaviors in pursuit of these rewards and
depending on the sleekness of the fruits; the contestants have gone on to engage in more practices to
get there. Some of these activities are against the organizer's interest, for instance, the use of steroids
and other products to enhance performance by professional athletes

Restricted Topic: Doping in track and field athletes
Restricted Topic: Doping in track and field athletes
Narrowed Topic: Impact of doping in track and field athletes
Research Question: What are the physical and mental effects of doping in track and field?
Several track and field athletes all over the world have been known to use enhancement drugs over
the years without testing positive, however, in recent times, more and more athletes are being tested
positive for enhancement drug use due to the improvements of medical technology. In the book The
dirtiest race in history: Ben Johnson, Carl Lewis and the 1988 Olympic 100 final, Richard Moore
stated that all of the top five athletes in the 100 meter final were using enhancement drugs, but only
one athlete was stripped of his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
D. Athletes who use enhancement may become extra sensitive about thing which may lead to more
aggressive behaviour.
III. Social effects pose as problems for track and field athletes who use enhancement drugs.
A. Track and field athletes who use these drugs suffer from anxiety which make the athletes
paranoid about niggling matter.
B. Athletes who use enhancement drugs become anti social, in that, they withdraw themselves from
social events.
C. Athletes who use performance enhancement drugs are usually pressured by family and financial
problems.
D. Athletes who dope suffer from mania.
IV. Conclusion: Performance enhancement causes health and social problems to track and field
athletes, but some athletes use enhancement even though they know the risk.
A. The emotion to win may cause an athlete to use performance enhancement even though the risk
is high.
B. Society influences athletes to dope, in that, the praise they get after they win so they will do
anything to win.
C. The huge amount of money that they will win encourages athletes to use performance
enhancement drugs even when health risk is high.
D. The finical issue that some athletes endure encourages athletes to use performance enhancement
drugs.
References
Moore, R. (2012).The dirtiest race in history: Ben Johnson, Carl Lewis and the 1988 Olympic 100
final. London: Bloomsbury.
Wray, M. (2001). Nothing but the truth: London: Black Amber Book Limited
USAD ,Authorities.

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