Protestant Reformatio Religion

Protestant Reformatio Religion
The first source I chose to assess was the 'Swiss Gothic Iron Chamber Clock, 1600's' the mechanics
of the clock is still a very important attribute to modern European history; although it is dated 200
years before what can be perceived to be its relevance in a sociological sense,it can be considered
vital in explaining the key concept, which is modernity; particularly caged and chambered
clocks.The source represents a seismic shift in the pre– modern world becoming 'disenchanted' from
religion and 'being as morally true and right'1 this can be seen actively in the religious sects such as
Quakerism in the 16th century believing that they were ' part of the true (Christian Church)'2 in the
ways the acted and lived their lives .The 16th and 17th century saw the emergence of the Protestant
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This all shows a move towards a modern society; Cesar Daly's Paris Architect c.1840 view of the
idea of iron chambers is evident , it supports the idea of disenchantment and secularisation occuring
due to the powers of the new age of science and the realisation of their being no need of influence
from the architect of the world as it is now 'engineers and architects who erect thousands of
factories'3suggesting that it is not the supernatural who has impact but mankind itself.Another more
recent example of the effects of early modernization which helps to explain the modern view that
humans are now superior human beings and how religion has become one of many alternatives is
Poyet's La Tete de l'aventuer meaning ' the head of the inventor' this is another later example that
can be used to explain the shift towards
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Globalization And Its Impact On Society
Globalization, has taken place for centuries, is the shrinking of geographic that accelerate the flows
of money, goods, people and culture around the planet. Migration came when people move between
countries either temporarily or permanently, to seek education and employment or to escape adverse
political, environments. Culture and globalization have infinite impact on each other. Humans have
never been closer together than we are today. Globalization, started from the intercontinental
migration taken place in early modern age, impacted by economic and politic; it is also the driving
force for international trade and rapid improvement of communication.
Large and small groups of migration had taken place since fifteenth century. People settled down,
created new societies across the continents. "Americans, Europeans, and Africans produced
multiethnic societies characterized by social hierarchies that were reflected in pigmentation." The
colonial system demand for labor in the early modern time created multiethnic societies all over the
world. European colonization over Africa and America created new multiethnic societies, produced
linguistic evolution. The embarkation on empire–building of Russians and Chinese reshaped the
northern and central Asia. The migration waves from the fourteenth to eighteenth century has paved
way for the movement of people in the modern days. Intercontinental migration and trade, together
as the elements to elaborated communication, had been

History And Evolution Of The Modern World
Greg Marinos
Western History to 1660
Dr. Smith
2/12/15
Advancement in Western Europe
Progression, Enlightenment, and a sophisticated culture refinement are all factors that can portray
the ideal civilized society. With all these factors in collaboration, we have a civilization, the highest
form of human organization. In an organization, the living biotic creatures are given the ability to
sustain and eventually assemble what they consider to be modern life. In ancient culture, prehistoric
Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures created what they believed to be a civilization. Through
extensive use of resource and desire to evolve in humanity, both civilizations succeeded in leaving
impact. However, Within Mesopotamian society, the long lasting impact of their inventions
continues to provide a benefit to western civilization. Considering their advanced writing system,
lunar calendar recordation, and revolutionary use of the wheel, Mesopotamia truly stood as a
promising foundation for a lasting civilization.
One of the primary Mesopotamian inventions was in form of writing; this was called "Cuneiform."
The Mesopotamian word "Cuneiform" translates to wedge shaped. The Sumerian writing system
used several thousand characters and some for sounds (Kagan 8). Using writing initially for
recording the dealing of items, writing was beneficial to the development of a system that portrayed
a good understanding of fair transactions. Cuneiform was written

How Has Life Changed Since 1800 Essay
How has life changed since 1800?
Life as we know it today in the modern world, is significantly different to the lives that our
predecessors lived during the period 1500–1800. The changes across the centuries are the result of a
process of advancements over time. This essay will examine life in the period 1500–1800 as
highlighted in the work of George Blainey (2000) and will compare key differences of life in this
early period, against life in the modern world today. Throughout this essay, the main focus will be
based on three areas which have seen significant change over this period of time: the production of
food, work practices and the standard of living. The advancements in these three areas, has led to
societies living very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
409). While these workers could be sure of not going hungry, this meant the take home wages were
low.
Living standards as described by Blainey (2000) were bleak. Most people lived in one roomed,
small stone houses, often with four or more sharing one bed. Homes often remained unheated due to
scarcity of wood (Blainey 2000, p. 423). People were largely uneducated and knew little about
healthcare. Sewerage was disposed of in the same rivers that were used to drink and wash from.
These contaminated rivers were used to supply water to the growing crops. This had a huge impact
on health, causing infection in around two out of every three people in rural areas (Blainey 2000, p.
415). Lack of hygiene and knowledge of healthcare led to shorter lifespans.
Life today in 2014 is vastly different to the period 1500–1800 as described by Blainey (2000).
Survival no longer hinges on hunting and gathering food. In fact many people today give little or no
thought to food production. Instead, we drive to a supermarket and buy whatever we want to eat. We
have access to many restaurants and fast food outlets, so we not only have ample food at our
fingertips, we don't even have to prepare it if we choose not to. Advancements in production and
using machines in place of humans (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai–Inesedy 2011, p. 139) mean
food is now farmed and produced on a much larger scale (Macionis and

Globalization By Arthur Macewan
Perhaps a cliché to mention, but an important aspect of human life which has brought the entire race
to where it stands today, is the very act and ability to communicate with each other; and finally in
the 19th century, this ability to communicate culminated to that process of ultimate human
integration which is known as "globalization". Although the 19th century is considered as the
beginning of the kind of "globalization" that describes the modern world today, the process is
believed to have begun during the times of great voyages and discoveries. Arthur Macewan in his
essay "What is Globalization" (2001) wrote, "Ever since Adam and Eve left the garden, people have
been expanding the geographic realm of their economic, political, social and cultural contacts. ...
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Also, as a process of change that can embody both great opportunities of wealth and progress and
great trauma and suffering, globalization at the beginning of the 21st century is following a well
established historical path." Macewan further sketches a path of the process of globalization and
says that there are two very important "surges of globalization in the modern era" – the first surge
that can be said to be the mark of the pronouncement of the modern era, came with the invasion of
the continent of Africa and Asia by the European powers; and the second surge took place in the
19th century "both as a product and cause of Industrial Revolution." Thus, this new socio–
economic–political trend that took over the world in the 19th century was however, not contended to
the socio–economic–political front only. Globalization as a global force influenced academic
practices as well; also the various disciplines of humanities started pondering more and more on the
nature of globalization and the influences that it have (and can further have) on all the aspects of
human life and

The Modernization of America Essay
The Modernization of America
The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. The telephone was invented in 1876. The
first practical system for a radio was developed in 1895. The Wright brothers created a flying
machine in 1903. The first gas powered automobile, the assembly line and the refrigerator were
produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for
the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American
history would have to be the 1920s.
The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two
main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century ...
The decade brought a new openness about sex, and the media did not miss the chance to take part in
this revolution. The movies were very popular and the film stars who were known for being "cute
and innocent," such as "America's Sweetheart," Mary Pickford were replaced by stars who were
"sexy," like "vamp," Theda Bara.
Advertising and the availability of financing brought about a consumer revolution. The new
consumer products appealed to people's social ambitions. Very few of the products were necessities,
but eventually, participating in the consumerism culture became a standard for judging one's value;
rather than religion, character or social standing as it had been before the 1920s.
Business is the other main area that accented the transition to modernization. Big business was seen
throughout the later half of the 19th century, but there was a major shift that changed American
business and employment forever. The 1920s saw more mergers than anytime in American history
besides the 1980s and 90s. Income per capita increased by one–third which increased the standard of
living for many people, allowing more than two–thirds of Americans to have electricity in their
homes by 1929 and other modern household items such as washing machines, irons, vacuum
cleaners, toasters and sewing machines.
Efficiency became a main issue in factories. Henry Ford could produce an automobile in 93 minutes
as opposed to the fourteen hours it took him before. This also

The French Revolution, the Chinese Revolution, Napoleon...
NAPOLEON
1. French Revolution marked the end of the Ancient Regime and has great importance in the history
of Europe after the fall of Rome. Main theme of French Revolution was Equality, Liberty and
Fraternity which affected the France, Europe and even the whole world. Liberty was the principle of
liberalism while equality and fraternity developed the socialism. French Revolution abolished the
absolute monarchy in France.
2. Napoleon came in rule at the end of the French Revolution and is generally regarded as the
culmination of French Revolution in Europe. Napoleon Said "We have finished the romance of the
Revolution, we must now begin its history, only seeking for what is real and practicable in the
application of its principles, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although Napoleon was of the view to end the revolution and steps in same direction were taken, as
mentioned above, which gave him lead in ending the revolution but then later on he acted as a
dictator and due to this act of napoleon many historians are of the view that in true sense French
Revolution ended after the fall of napoleon. (Hazen)
Bibliography
Doyke, W. (2001). The French Revolution. In w. doyle, The French Revolution. Oxford University
Press.
Gershoy, L. (1947). The French Revolution and Napoleon. In L. Gershoy, The French Revolution
and Napoleon (p. 576). F. S. Crofts & Company.
Hazen, C. D. The French Revolution and Napoleon. In C. D. Hazen, The French Revolution and
Napoleon. H. Holt.
EUROPEAN COLONIALISM
1. 16th century to the mid–20th century is the time which is regarded as the European Colonialism
in which various European Powers like Portugal, Spain, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and France
established there colonies in the continents of Asia, Africa and Americas. Initially mercantilist
approach was adopted in which trade was only allowed with mother country. Later in 19th century,
free trade was allowed with few tariff restrictions. Due to the formation of many small European
colonies, it gave birth to few populated areas. As colonialism often played out in pre–populated
areas there socio–cultural evolution which included establishment of colonies having so many ethnic

Impact Of Globalization On The Middle Of The Twentieth...
Ever since the beginning of time, man was infatuated by visiting, seeing and interacting with other
societies. Over time globalization, as it was termed, accelerated at an exponential rate. There were
two rather recent major periods of globalization over the past five hundred years, one which began
in the late fifteenth century and the other started in the middle of the twentieth century. Each of
these new eras marked developments in advancements in communication, human rights, woman's
rights, religiosity and philosophy, technology and lastly in economics. Europeans in the late fifteenth
century were driven to explore. Shipping by sea was becoming popular. In the 1400s many
European monarchs faced a problem, as they tried to import spices and silks from China and India,
they were threatened by the Ottoman Empire who controlled Eastern Europe as well as the Venetian
traders who economically ruled the Mediterranean Sea with high tariffs. To avoid being subservient
to the Ottomans and Venice, the monarchies of Spain and Portugal, as well as other European
countries began commissioning fleets of trading ships to find a route to Asia circumventing those
locations. The Europeans discovered that by traveling below Africa through the Cape of Good Hope
they could reach Asia without much problems. These ships needed to find places to port and the
Europeans began setting up port cities along the African coastline. Originally when the Europeans
moved into Africa they inhabited the

Essay about History At Its Best
The modern era stands out as a time of great change. Throughout history, it is undoubtedly the
period of time in which the most advancement has occurred in society, in the shortest amount of
time. The three books, "The Interesting Narrative," by Olaudah Equiano, "Victors and Vanquished,"
by Stuart B. Schwartz, and "A Social Contract," by Jean–Jeacques Rousseau, each provide a view of
the modern era in their own individual ways. Olaudah Equiano's account of his life as a slave is
directed at the problem of slavery. Stuart B. Schwartz' "Victors and Vanquished," provides a
collection of personal accounts about the conquest of Mexico under the command of Hernando
Cortes. Lastly, Rousseau's, "A Social Contract," expounds upon the problems that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Olaudah's writing includes his own take on slavery, and in the conclusion of his book, he reveals his
appeal to the public in order to end slavery. He argues on several bases which would appeal to the
public of modern society. He gives them the account of slavery's horrors, and then takes on moral,
economical, religious, and lawful standpoints, in order to persuade the public that slavery is an ill to
society, especially in a time of positive growth.
Olaudah wrote a revised introduction to his readers,
Pumarejo 3
stating that his purpose, or rather the purpose of his book, is to, "be the means, in it's measure, of
showing the enormous cruelties practiced on my sable brethren, and strengthening the genuine
emulation now prevailing in this country, to put a speedy end to a traffic both cruel and unjust."
(Equiano 1745, 5) This is written after the book's first release, and shows the purpose of his writing,
referring to the effect it has had on the fight for slavery's abolishment. In his writings, Olaudah
challenges the practice of slavery by an appeal to the senses. His story is obviously one of horror,
and through telling it he hopes that the readers will evoke in themselves compassion towards his
calling. He admits that his case is a rare one, and alludes to the greater horrors that many other
slaves were forced to endure.
I think the most interesting, and relevant, arguments that Olaudah makes, is not on the basis of the
horrible treatment

An Understanding And Appreciation Of History
Throughout history there have been groups of people used as the scapegoat, being forced to take the
blame for the world's problems. Such as in Nazi Germany, as the rise of Hitler lead to the
discrimination, mass deportation, and eventual genocide of Jews in the Holocaust. Other examples
of genocide "the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural
group." took place in Armenia, Cambodia, Bosnia and Darfur (Merriam–Webster). Developing an
understanding and appreciation of history allows people who are living in the present, and only
focused on planning for the future, to study people and societies of the past in depth. It is important
to emphasize teaching history in all levels of school in order to fully grasp how we have grown into
a modern society, avoid repetition of past injustices, and provide background information to
individuals, groups, and nations to assist in forming identities. The Holocaust, the most known
genocide in the world today resulted in the death of over 6 million Jews and millions of other
minorities. Firsthand accounts of this tragedy such as through Elie Wiesel's book Night, provide
horrific insight on the atrocities that were committed toward Jews in the deportation process and
concentration camps. The book shows how Jews were not just immediately murdered, but they were
transitioned into the dehumanization process gradually. First "The Germans arrested the leaders of
the Jewish community. From that

How Did Christopher Columbus Contribute To The Age Of...
In a quote from a letter from Christopher Columbus to King Ferdinand on July 7, 1503: "Gold is
most excellent; gold is treasure, and he who possesses it does all he wishes to in this world."
(UnderstandingPrejudice.org) Ever since the first inklings of European expansion, explorers like
Christopher Columbus had money and power of the mind, an ideology that has profoundly affected
our world in the modern age, while resonating thousands of years into the past. Christopher
Columbus would find patrons who shared this ideology in the form of the king and queen of Spain,
who would provide the funds and ships necessary to launch Spain and Columbus into the
mainstream of history argued as the most important (and possibly infamous) exploratory sail of
man. In the old motto of "God, Gold, and Glory," the actions that Christopher Columbus partook in
the name of Spain begins to compound into an understanding that plants its roots in empire and
Christianity, a continuance of perceivable inevitability since the early Romans. There are three main
reasons that Columbus embarked on his journey with the support of Spain; the promise of gold and
colonial expansion, an exuberant fervor on the part of Columbus during his exploration, and an
increasingly competitive imperial machine controlling Europe at the time.
First, it is important to address the massive desire for wealth that countries experienced in the Age of
Exploration. Kingdoms for the most part stayed intertwined in the system of

The Evolution Of The English Language In The 18th Century
In order to be successful, humans must constantly adapt to the perpetually changing world. This
evolution is evident in anything from a slight change in linguistics, to a major change in social order.
"Language and style were changing notions of the world and of God's design in creating it. Habits of
thought that had prevailed during the medieval period now seemed to be incompatible with
knowledge derived from the experience of nature." ("Nature and Change" 646). One way to examine
the changes in society that have transpired, is by analyzing literature. Authors of the middle ages,
the early modern period, and the restoration and 18th century translate the discrepancies of english
linguistics, religion, thematics, and views on women in their literature.
The English language is a complex form of communication that is constantly changing and adapting
throughout time. A major aspect that distinguishes Middle English from Modern English is called
the Great Vowel Shift. This shift was a progressive change, throughout multiple centuries, in
pronunciation that resulted in the long vowel sounds being made higher and further forward in the
mouth ("Great Vowel Shift"). Geoffrey Chaucer, of the Middle Ages, may be used as an example of
this shift. In his literature, a word such as "lyf" was pronounced as leef and later became the modern
word life. During the modern period many new words, between 1500 and 1650, were added to the
language ("The English Renaissance"). Despite the

The History Of Modern Corporate Collection
In the 1988, one year after Black Monday when Don Jones Industrial Average fell nearly 23 percent
in a single day, Art & Auction the international art market journal published its annual edition with
the troubling headline: "Is Corporate Collecting Dead?". Almost 20 years later, the financial crisis
made hundreds of bankers lose their jobs, and the image of people moving out their offices can still
be recalled even today, and the same question aroused again. The same questions may appear again
and again in the future, but as an essential part of world of art collecting, corporate collecting won't
die in the eyes of most people in the field.
The brief history of modern corporate collection
It is hard to chase back to the origin of the art patronage, since it is nearly as old as art itself, but the
shift from a model dating from the Renaissance, in which leaders of industry used the fruits of their
labor to purchase or commission superlative art either for their private residences or for the benefit
of the public (or of God and the Church), is surprisingly recent. So it's essential to isolate "modern"
corporate collecting from other great but older tradition such as hanging decorative pieces and
portraits of founders and other core members to embellish a boardroom or showcase the firm's
position or reputation.
Modern corporate collecting began in nineteenth century in the United States as a movement to
preserve the records, memorabilia, and products of a company.

How Technology Changed Allowing More People Essay
The year was 1790 when outside vendors copied and sold maps and publications without consent of
the original owners. The government set a law into place to put a copyright, "the exclusive right to
make copies, license, and otherwise exploit a literary, musical, or artistic work, whether printed,
audio, video, etc" (1) , on items and ideas of their choosing preventing such from being stolen or
transformed for 14 years. Within fifty years, technology changed allowing more people understood
what a copyright was and therefore a new law extended the length of the copyright from 14 to 28
years, a solid length of time for ones work to be properly appreciated by the public. It took roughly
seventy years before the law changed again, this time including a 28 year renewal plan, allowing the
original copyright owners to keep their licensed work from the hands of the public domain for a
total of 56 years. Almost he entire lifetime of a person from the early 1900's could be contained
within the length of a single copyright. It would be another 67 years before the law was changed yet
again. Not only did the law change to keep ones copyright protected for 70 years, but and additonal
50 years after the owners death could be tacked onto the lifeline of their copywritten piece of work.
(2) 120 years of songs, films, prose and plays prevented from being altered or changed only to be
extended again in 1998 to a grand total of 140 years. Works of all kinds left to be unaltered for
almost two

A Research On Honor Modern World History
Damian Martinez
Country Research
Honor Modern World History
Period 4
Pakistan:
Inequality amongst children concerning education
I. Define and explain the unresolved issue (this definition will be the same for each group member).
***Be sure to make your research focus as specifically related to your volunteering as possible.
A. Access to education is among the basic human rights and everyone should have the same
opportunities. No one should be discriminated against because of their background, religion, gender
or age. Inequality in education is connected to major problems in our society. The Pakistan
constitution has an article called Article 25A. Which is the Right to education. It states that the
government of Pakistan is responsible for providing free and compulsory education. Unfortunately,
the government only goes so far. Low budget and funding for education are main struggles on the
way to educational development and expansion of student's education. Pakistan has the world 's
second highest number of children out of school, reaching 8.3 million in 2012 – equivalent to 1 in
12 of the world 's out–of–school children. My group and I have taken up this unresolved issue in
hopes that we volunteering will change the lives of those who are directly impacted. We can 't fix
the issue by this one act but we can at least try.
"Education is a matter of life and death for our country" – Muhammad Ali Jinnah
I found this quote because I believe that in Pakistan's situation

John Ford’s acclaimed film The Man Who Shot Liberty...
John Ford's acclaimed film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) is well–known among
cinema buffs and historians to have emerged out of a brutal, often contentious process. Tension
between the lead actors, as well as tension between the actors and the director, spawned some of the
best behind the scenes stories of on–set rivalry and outright pettiness that still circulate in an
industry that is primarily built on controversy and rumor. The film itself must be regarded as a
masterpiece. This assessment is due in part to the brilliant performances by the cast and also in part
to an elegant, carefully crafted script. That said; one of the main reasons that the film distinguishes
itself above many of ford's other brilliant films is due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This image is itself, an indication that the film intends to deal with a clash of ages or civilizations
within the context of American history. The train station and train are symbols for the conquering of
the West and the industrialization of America. In other words, the film expresses important ideas
about the age–old theme of progress versus tradition, as well as society versus the individual. The
central question of the film is whether or not the kind of frontier justice of the West, which was built
on gun–fighting and local law enforcement, was adaptable to the modern age. The character of
Ransom "Ranse" Stoddard (James Stewart) symbolizes the transition of American society by
earning his fame as a politician. The true frontiersman, Tom Doniphon (John Wayne), suffers a
drastically different fate. Despite being the man who actually shot Liberty Valance, Doniphon
remains unknown to fame. This is Ford's way of communicating to the audience that those who are
in power in our society are often in power through no power of their own. Also that the true spirit of
America resides in the common man, rather than in the man who is celebrated and attains social
power and influence.
Given these facts, the film can be seen as a cautionary tale considering the present–day
homogenization of culture. With an increase in social conformity comes a decrease in personal
morality. This is shown by the

Modern American History Research Paper
History is alive
The subject of history is described as many things among high schoolers. A boring subject about
people long since dead, a class with WAY too much homework or with a professor who enjoys
giving droning lectures. Therefore, most students look at history classes as just another set of credits
to get out of the way for graduation. However, in my case, it is viewed a bit differently. I believe
history is a gift, a window into the past that gives us a chance to learn from the people who lived
before us, and to prevent the recurring of their mistakes in our world today.
At Portage Central High School I have had the opportunity to take multiple history classes based on
my interests in certain areas of the world. Modern American history, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is the backbone of all other subjects, such as English, science, math, government, even world
languages. Historical knowledge provides the groundwork for all literature, it is vital in order to
understand references and allusions, as well as to grasp the point of view an author is writing from.
In essence, you can read a novel a hundred times, but you will never be able to fully appreciate it if
you have no connection to the deeply rooted historical background of the plot. Then there are
scientific discoveries. Who made them? Where did those scientists come from? What culture led to
the discoveries? What war brought about the creating of nuclear bombs? What were the thought
processes of the scientific geniuses? All these questions have answers that can be found through the
study of history. Next, is the application for math, the Pythagorean theorem, the geometric
knowledge gained from Euclid, the Greeks and Romans and how their past brought them to be
mathematicians. These people and their mathematical work are part of history. Even the
development of different forms of government is a direct result of the experiences of different
cultures, and their gifted philosophers. Language itself has survived and adapted because of wars,
conquered nations, and the changing borders of countries. The languages that have survived through
to modern day have made it because of historical

Analysis Of The Book ' The Heidi '
Pirandellian Dark Comedy in Wendy Wasserstein 's
The Heidi Chronicles
The main aim of this paper is to study Wendy Wasserstein 's The Heidi Chronicles (1988) as a dark
comedy in the light of Pirandello 's definition of dark comedy. The line between tragedy and
comedy is often thin and at times barely discernable. Certain playwrights have a gift for blurring this
line, which allows audiences to receive their message without often knowing if they should be
laughing at what appears to be a serious topic. Wendy Wasserstein (1950–2006) is one of the
contemporary female playwrights who makes use of dark comedy. She is an excellent example of
the genre dark comedy in the late twentieth century. She has won critical acclaim, Pulitzer Prizes
and numerous additional awards for her writing. Wendy Wasserstein was the first woman in history
to win the Pulitzer Prize as the author of an original play. In a 2001 Harper article on a new
generation of women playwrights, the first sentence reads "When you think of female playwrights,
two words invariably come to mind: Wendy Wasserstein" (334). Feminist Sally Burke writes that the
feminist playwrights who began their work in the 1970s, even those who won Obie Awards, were
virtually ignored except by scholars of feminist drama; this list includes Wasserstein (1). She is one
of the most important playwrights of our time, yet her work lacks the critical and scholarly attention
it deserves. Tragicomedy has been, in

The Change In Modern History Have Been Influenced By Many
The change in modern history have been influenced by many factors. Many which have to do with
progress, enlightenment, and new inventions. Three key factors that have changed us into a modern
society are steam engines , mass production and corporations. The invention of the steam
engine,specifically in transportation, has helped this change by helping with speed and efficiency in
transportation and businesses and influencing social lives. Another one of the factors of change is
Mass production, whether it was positive or negative, has had a huge effect on the transformation to
the modern age. It has helped evolve the modern world through economic and social changes such
as the dehumanization of workers, the reversed idea of individualism ... Show more content on
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The mass production of things affected the skills of the workers because they were no longer doing
multiple things in factories. The workers specialized in one part of the process because of the use of
assembly lines. Therefore, they didn 't have the skills that they would 've had if each person did
everything or more than one things. Therefore, they got paid less as a result. The 19th century
assembly line also kept the workers working at a fast pace. One worker set the pace for the rest so if
one worker slowed down, the entire production was slowed down. This idea was expressed in the
movie Metropolis.
Also, although it was not a very "enlightened" concept, the workers were not seen as individuals,
they were more of estranged workers and not really important to the factory. They were payed so
little and could easily be replaced. Another example where there is no individualism is The Tiller
Girls (formed in 1889 by John Tiller). They worked as a group and no individual woman had any
special importance to the line, just as the workers in a factory. The Tiller Girls were seen as a mass
ornament, which doesn 't celebrate individualism. The economic changes made has to do with the
the changes made to assembly lines and factories. Workers got paid less since they were not skilled,
and since it was at a faster pace there was more production. The faster pace kept everyone in check.
Therefore, profit

A Brief Look at Modernism
Modernism was a prevalent movement and developed an era in the twentieth century that shaped the
coming decades and Western ideas. Stemming from World War I, its culture, art and philosophy
reveals the mindset of modernity and how the historical events of that time influenced life and
society. T.S. Eliot was a part of the literary and artistic movement called Modernism, which can be
seen best in his poem "The Waste Land." The concept of the wasteland was a powerful one to his
generation. His poem depicts an image of the modern world through the perspective of "the
common man" finding himself hopeless and confused about the condition of society. The poem
paints a picture of a disjointed and desolate world through apparent confusion and chaos that that is
achieved through fragments and allusions. "The Waste Land" demonstrates the present–day
wasteland as a metaphor of modern Europe to depict the loss of culture and history that was suffered
due to the war. Arguably, the most important aspect of the poem is its fragmented nature used to
depict a post World War I wasteland. Rather than using facts to show the state of Europe, Eliot uses
several poetic elements to convey this, particularly the allusive and obscure to paint an image of
physical desolation of the war torn society and also communicate a sense of loss and despair. The
image of London, in the first section "The Burial Dead," gives a sense of the trauma and cultural
desolation caused by the war. The narrator,

The Roots of Our Digital World Essay
The Roots of Our Digital World
Today's world revolves around the storing, organization, and communication of information. While
the world today may seem new and unique, this digital world arose out of a combination of many
smaller steps that varied from innovations like a new discovery in science or a new philosophical
outlook. In their writings Lev Manovich, a professor of New Media at San Diego University, and Dr.
Simon Cook, an Economics professor at Duke University, have developed of a history of what lead
to the development of the visual world. Manovich claims that the digital revolution came in a three–
step process. The first took place in the time period between 1870 and 1920. Manovich believes that
during this time period, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Manovich and Cook created a strong structure for a digital history, however, the two failed to make
note of a few critical aspects that compliment and add more depth to this history. Both scholars
place too much emphasis on setting a specific beginning to this history. Manovich and Cook, also,
fail to incorporate the work of Charles Dogson, otherwise known as Lewis Carroll, into the late–
Victorian history, and fail to note the importance of technological developments in creation of the
modern digital world.
Finding the actual beginning of the digital history might not be possible and unnecessarily weakens
the narrative. Lev Manovich believes that this history behind the digital world of today began with
developments in the late–Victorian time period. Cook refutes this belief and notes that the major
contributors to late Victorian visual reasoning called upon the influence of already existing
mathematics to develop their charts and graphs. The late Victorian time period, however, remains
the initial time period where these influences related to the history of the creation of the digital
world of today (Cook 6–7). While Cook may be correct in making such an argument, Cook's attempt
to clarify Manovich's claim creates more confusion about when the start of this change began.
As the more people study and research the history of the modern

The War Of The French Revolution
It is critically important to gain all benefits of the military history lessons to abstract the aspects of
war, which enhance our leadership and capabilities to take the right decision. Therefore, I am going
to start with war definition. "War is an act of force to compel our enemy to do our Will". During the
eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a series of conflicts dominated Europe.
These conflicts had its influence on the Europe at that time, but the Napoleonic wars had the most
lasting impact on western warfare. The explosion of the French revolution in 1789 is regarded today
as an important event in modern history. Different aspects of the French revolution influenced the
world affairs today. Therefore, war is an action has a principle to guide the force supported by
sustainment, and to compel your enemy you should have the superiority, which comes from the
innovation of organization, technology and tactics. Then, from my point of view, the desire of the
people "nationalism", which remain the only significant factor, drives the societies to war. Thus,
Most of military aspects of western ways warfare have been remain constant since the 17th and 18th
century, but the most important aspects that characterize ware fare in the age of Napoleon are
innovation, principles of war, and from my point of view, I will add nationalism.
First, innovation played a crucial role in determining the outcome of the war, Innovations in
organization, technology, and

Mythology In Mythology
Judging from the sources on the internet (unfortunately, one of them does include wikipedia) and the
snippets I watched of the PBS documentary series that the book The Power of Myth is a companion
for, one of Joseph's Campbell's most foundational ideas is that mythology is one of the primary
sources of a given generation's cultural values, and it is a mechanism used to teach lessons or values
to those young or new to a society. This thesis on mythology can be adapted to modern movies on
Jesus because these movies contain unique alterations and "spins" on the religious stories on Jesus.
In Godspell, the movie's use of a New York setting and a young, diverse cast translate the ministry
of Jesus to the capitalism and peace struggle of the 1970s, and in Jesus Christ Superstar, the movie's
young cast and secular–themed songs translate the existence of Jesus to a generation becoming more
and more scientific. As a result, Godspell remythologizes the ministry of Jesus to reflect and teach
peace and deviation from the status quo, and Jesus Christ Superstar remythologizes Jesus as a figure
to reflect a tension in understanding Jesus in a modern technological age. Because two different
aspects of the 1970s culture is embodied in these modern Jesus myths, movies are a media used to
remythologize Jesus to fit in with each coming generation's struggles, beliefs, and culture. The
aspect of the 1970s that Godspell reflects is the conflict between peace and the status quo. During
the 1970s,

Paul Gilroy The Black Atlantic
The prefix, Modo, is a word derived from the Latin language, which means "now" in the English
language (Latin Dictionary). Words like mode, modern, modernity, modernize, and modernization
uses the prefix to portray the current aspect of doing something to produce a result. The results
might have an advantage or disadvantage. Paul Gilroy, author of "The Black Atlantic: Modernity
and Double Consciousness" describes how he developed the book, "The Black Atlantic developed
from my uneven attempts to show these students that the experiences of black people were part of
the abstract modernity" (Black Atlantic, pg. ix) which describes the role in modernity and the
experience of African Americans through the brutality of slavery. Consequently, History impacts the
present, and changes the future. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When describing the Black Atlantic, Gilroy avoids ethnocentrism as he alludes to various cultures
within the New World. The United States has always been a diverse society. This book informs the
audience that there is an international culture with the emphasis of modernism; the author references
the Black Atlantic as a counterculture of modernity. Black Atlantic explores the exhibition of a
counterculture of modernity because the movement fights the centrism of modernity and supports
the globalism of culture for the creation of a better world as it initiates a strong criticism that offset
the action of ethnic

Modern English: The History Of The English Language
Introduction:
The English language got its present form through lot of changes. If we look into the history of any
language then we can see that every language has gone through a lot of changes. English language is
divided into four periods: Old English, Early Middle English, Late Middle English and Modern
English. As we know that English is a Germanic language and it belongs to the branches of Indo–
European languages so it has Germanic influence in vocabulary. Old English grammar is similar to
Modern Germanic but Modern English is different from what it was before. Middle English began
after the Norman Conquest in England. Normans were French people so Middle English language
had a great influence of French vocabulary. As we know that middle English has two periods: Early
middle and Late middle, so there are various changes like grammatical, vocabulary etc. we can find
between these two language periods. In Early Middle English the grammatical structure did not have
a stable form like as we have in modern English. But Late ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
If we look into the history of any language then we can see that every language has gone through
various changes and there are a lot of reasons behind it. A language changes when cultural,
economic and people's habit gradually change with time. When all these things start to change then
language is somewhat start to change. As we know that Old English is totally different from Modern
English. But in Middle English the language change rate was high. Germanic language had SOV
structure and OLD English also followed that. In Peter Borough Chronicle, we saw that the word
order structure so was static. We saw various word order structures were used in it. But in The Nun
Priest's Tale, the word order structure had static form. After Late Middle English the Modern
English came. So it's obvious that Late Middle English will have SVO word order structure as it is
the base of Modern English

History 262 : Early Modern World History
Dalton Weeks
December 11, 2016
History 262 – Early to Modern World History; 1300–1700
Dr. Shefveland
Warrior Poets
"Historians from England will say I am a liar.
But history is written by those who have hung heroes."
–Braveheart
Scotland has had a rich history when it comes to diplomacy with other nearby nations. If I were to
ask a person on the street "What movie can you think of that has Scottish people in it?" the answer
would almost always be Braveheart.
According to Randall Wallace, the writer of the script for the film , "The question of the historical
accuracy of Braveheart is one that always makes me laugh. When we're creating something or in the
business of storytelling, we're in a process of mythmaking for which the audience, the listeners, are
just as crucial as the speakers. They respond to the story in a certain way. I wasn't looking to
describe facts or numbers or to quantify William Wallace. I wanted to a spirit and a feeling that I had
had when movies had changed my life"
The Mel Gibson film, released in 1995 in the United States, shows the struggle of William Wallace
and his band of Scottish and Irish brothers going against the tyranny of English rule. Many people
make the mistake though when viewing the film. From my own knowledge, I know that the Scottish
did not paint their faces blue. That's as far as my knowledge of the film before viewing goes. What I
plan to do in this research essay is to write out the inaccuracies in the film, and address

Modern Dance History
The history of modern dance dates back as early as the 19th century when Isadora Duncan, began
her career as a performer and choreographer, leading her to evolve into one of the world's most
renown and innovative modern dance influences of the time. A rich history followed with the birth
of other significant and revolutionary individuals such as Martha Graham in 1894 (Terry, 2017) and
George Balanchine in 1904 (Walker, 2017). These pioneers of dance, introduced the world to a new
style of choreography, originally derived from and based upon romantic classical ballet. The Oxford
Dictionary (1989) defines modern dance as 'a free expressive style of dancing that developed in the
early 20th century as a reaction to classical ballet.' Classical ballet has a rigid style, it requires
supreme discipline and structured movement. Modern dance was established as an alternative way
to perform, where dancers were not restricted by costume or movement and used this freedom to
push visual boundaries. Many people criticised the choreography and reviewers in the 1930's–1940's
wrote of how it was unsavoury and distasteful (Gilbert, 1999), although, eventually becoming a
worldwide phenomenon. It can be argued that Balanchine, Graham and Duncan were inevitably the
three most significant dance figures in the development of modern dance choreography from
foundations built by romantic classical ballet.
A variety of expert sources highlight that there has been a clear development of modern dance

Postmodern Views On The State
Postmodern Views on the State
Many societies have experienced post–modernization as the "de–centralization" of society, politics,
and economy as well as the decline of the various dominant modernization paradigms, which
structured industrial society both formally and informally in the past decades (Best and Kellner
1997; Drake 2010). In social are, for example, the ethnic or cultural bases of many nationalities have
started to dissolve and societies have become more multiethnic, multicultural, fragmented and
'melting pots' of various 'hybrid' postmodern identities (Jessop 2015:157). In political era, scholars
have advanced the 'end of ideology' thesis during the end of the 1980s and especially with the
collapse of the Soviet Communist Bloc. The liberalism, individualism, post–modernist discourses
were triumphant and announcing the dawn of a new era in which early ideological conflicts would
disappear as a source of political conflict on the global scale (Fukuyama 1993). In economy field, at
the start of the twenty–first century, almost everyone can realize the significance of economy not
just in deciding elections but also in shaping the broader processes of the state. Scholars also argue
that we are now living in an age of 'pocket–book politics', which means that with the decline of
traditional political ideologies, narrowly conceived economic self–interest has been the
overwhelming driving force of the political processes (Pierson 2011:81). Political researches also

Domestication Of Animals, The Bantu Migrations
Continuity and change helps us understand what has changed or remained the same over the course
of history. It allows us to examine certain patterns or cultural influences and how they have either
faded from history or still remain significant today. Domestication of animals, the Bantu Migrations,
and the rise of Islam are key elements that will be discussed. Domestication is a very useful skill
that has remained the same for many years. Animals can be used for meat, milk, wool, etc. They are
also used as farming tools and transportation. Certain animals much better suited to domestication
than others; Jared Diamond calls this the "anna Karenina principle' (Class Lecture).
Horses are strong, fast animals with a variety of traits making them ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
47).
Ban Zhao is another significant individual who help shape modern concepts. She was born in the
first century, AD, during the Later Han Dynasty (Gregory p. 123).
She is significant in Chinese history because of her writings and teachings of the "Admonitions for
Women" using a Confucian approach to define appropriate behavior (Gregory p. 123).
She objected that many families taught their sons to read, but not their daughters and would go on to
become an advocate of the education of women. The Admonitions for Women became one of the
most commonly used texts for the education of Chinese women (McKay et al, p. 166).
If Confucius and Mencius were trying to create the superior man (junzi) then Ban Zhao was trying
to create the female version of that (Gregory p. 123). As defined by the Merriam–Webster
Dictionary, feminism is "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes." By
this definition, Ban Zhao was a feminist in her teachings and ideas which will be applied for many
years into modern civilization.
Progress and

Monsters and The Moral Imagination by Stephen Asma
Throughout history we see monsters taking many different shapes and sizes. Whether it be a ghoul
in the midst of a cold nightly stroll or a mass genocide, monsters are lurking everywhere and our
perception of what monsters truly are, is enhancing their growth as a force with which to be
reckoned. Fear of the unknown is seen throughout time, but as humans progress we are finding that
things we once were afraid of we are less frightening than they once were. Monsters can evoke fear
in their targeted victims rather than physically harm their victims. For instance, every year a new
horror film is released with the next scary beast, but why do we call something a monster even if we
know it is not real? Even certain people and creatures are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The more we begin to understand a monstrosity, the less we fear the monster itself, however, we fear
the actions of the creature itself. Perhaps it is this fear that draws us closer to the unknown and the
monsters thrive upon this fear we have. Asma discusses how this fear allows for individuals to play
out scenarios in their minds; we then use the events to ultimately ask ourselves, "what will I do in a
situation like that (Asma)?" Dating back to the early days of Christ in a biblical era, we see monsters
have always been on the rise. Stephen Asma's chapter on Biblical Monsters in On Monsters shows
how godly monsters were on the rise in the Medieval eras. Whether it was gods' testing of one's
faith, or individuals' justifications as to why monsters were on earth, we can see the rise through this
Medieval period as gods' uses of monsters varies. In Asma's subsection over The Apocalypse, he
discusses numerous interactions between good and evil monsters where they are disguised almost as
that of a symbolic gesture. For instance, Asma explains how God sometimes will use his monstrous
capabilities to cause harm to an individual to test ones faith. We see this in particular when the devil
convinces God to test Job this way (Asma 64).Throughout this period in time, we see the classic
biblical beasts such as the Behemoth and Leviathan at work. These monsters, among

The Internet : The Dumbest Generation In The 21st Century
The twenty–first century, also referred to as the information age, composed many pioneering
developments in technology that assists the new generation with inestimable information. Prior to
this age, most Americans never wrote anything besides school assignment; the new generation,
those under age thirty, writes far more than any generation before (source 7). However, the
controversy over the ability of this new generation is heatedly debated. One of the passionate critics
went on to claim that they constitute the "dumbest" generation in modern history with signs of
slipping reading habits and lack of general knowledge. The opponent, in contrast, argues that
unlimited access to the sea of knowledge on the Internet would not hinder people's learning process
nor make them dumb. Instead, it enabling them to formulate in a cooperative environment while
also becoming an individual thinker. Because the advancing atmosphere accompanying this latest
generation is improving them externally and internally, along with the fallacy that the qualification
of "dumbest" is not clearly stated, the claim that those under age thirty are "the dumbest generation"
remains fallacious as it loses its stand at its fundamental level. Youth has outspoken themselves by
demonstrating that they were a set of intellectuals that formulated in cooperative conversation. In
source 3, Mizuko Ito indicates that "youth respect one another's authority online, and they are often
more motivated to learn from

The Three Major Themes In Modern History
Three major themes stand out when analyzing modern history through the scope of this course. The
first of these is a theme of leadership and how leaders influence the direction of their people. The
theme of leadership is supported by focusing on the aspects of war, popular support, and
government. The second theme is enlightenment ideas and how they are expressed across the world
and across different time periods. Major Enlightenment ideas include liberalism, secularism, and
morality. The focus of the third theme is economics and how strongly a civilization's economy
influences their level of success. The main aspects of economics in modern history are
industrialization, military, and trade.
Leadership has contributed largely to the direction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secularism's goal is to vacate government involvement in their subjects' faith or religion. A great
contributor to the scientific advancements of the period, Isaac Newton, chose to believe that science
and God are not in conflict with each other. However, many people of the time, primarily the
Catholic Church and other conservative groups, believed government should ensure proper religious
values, and they saw this increased attention to science as a force that weakens faith. A separate
branch related to secularism is deductive reasoning. Championed by Rene Descartes, deductive
reasoning became a powerful incentive to decrease society's reliance on government to control their
thoughts. People groups began to drift away from their reliance on their religion, and instead
determining their own morals through

Romanticism And The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 1 Introduction We are not makers of history. We are made by history.(Martin
Luther).Human history is as primitive as time. Sociologically human evolution commenced from
living individually to the formation of ethnic and social groups. In literature this development is
marked by many periods and stages .It can roughly located by following timeline , Ancient(3600
BC–1500 AD), Postclassical (500–1500) Modern and Post modern eras. Every historical era
constitutes significant social, economic, religious and political changes. However, some radical
changes are witnessed by the beginning of industrial revolution in Europe. The industrial era
comprised the period of the Industrial Revolution and the resulting surge of capitalism during the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The revolution, with its increased need for workers, generated new working, middle, and consumer
classes .The whole social structure is affected including family units, gender role and community
relationships. This era is marked by a remarkable shift from Romanticism to Victorian age. The
juxtaposition of this distinct industrial revenue with a new kind of urban poverty is only one of the
enigmas that represent this protracted and diverse period. In religion the climax of the Evangelical
revival set unprecedentedly challenges to faith. The idealism and transcendentalism of Romantic
movement were questioned by empirical science, utilitarian moral philosophy and Realism. In
politics a boundless commitment to economic and personal freedom was followed by a constant
expansion in the power of the

A Rose For Emily Modernism
Throughout the short story "A Rose for Emily", by William Faulkner, the new generation tries to
enforce modern standards on Miss Emily and her contemporaries. Despite their best efforts, the
older generation remains cemented in traditional values. The older generation faces a slow, tragic,
rotting death similar to Miss Emily's if they continue to adhere to tradition in a modern age.
Miss Emily is a contemporary of the older generation and her refusal to pay taxes demonstrates how
the adherence to tradition in the face of modern change leads to a slow death. The older generation
and by extension Miss Emily refuse to conform to modern standards because they are bound by
history and tradition. Social rank and and status heavily influence ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Her entire life has been based on southern tradition implemented by the old generation, all of her
decisions in life have been made in order to correctly conform to that tradition. If she conforms to
modern standards, she loses all of the power and respect that was entitled to her. So, she does not
conform, she gets rid of the new generation in order to keep herself sequested away from modern
change. She protects herself from them so she can continue to live in denial that any change is
necessary. For Miss Emily modern chage is unwanted and tradition is used to justify her denial.
Miss Emily allows southern tradition to fester within herself, "She looked bloated, like a body long
submerged in motionless water, and of that pallied hue" (220). She is barely living. Miss Emily no
longer ventures outside, she is a walking corpse dwelling within a mousoleum structured to keep her
rooted in southern tradition. She may have died of natural causes but it was not free of suffering.
Miss Emily was slowly dying because she sequested heself away from any modern changes like
paying her taxes. She cut herself off from the rest of the world in order to conform to tradition. Miss
Emily's slow march towards death is the same march the older generation faces. Just as Miss Emily
refuses to give up her status and entitlement so do the older generation. Modern laws will be
establish to blur the lines

Modern Romance, By Aziz Ansari
Modern Romance, by Aziz Ansari, is absolutely a relevant study for this project. This is because of
its relationship to new media, which relates to the course, and dating, which relates to all of society.
The book applies to the course in several ways; first, the overall theme of the book relates to people
in younger generations becoming more and more reliant on social media and dating websites to try
and find love. Ansari delves deep into different aspects of media used in dating, as well as putting in
serious research on social sciences to to analyze the cultural impact of new media, which is reaches
much farther than one might think. There are several concepts we have learned in this course that
relate to the book, including the units ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ansari refers to a study called "Geographic Proximity of Partners in 5,000 Marriages, Philadelphia,
1932," which reveals that 51.94% of people who were married in this study lived within 20 blocks
of one another before they began dating, (15). These numbers are just one example Ansari gives to
prove his point on just how different dating was in past generations, as roughly half of all people
were simply marrying someone within close proximity to them. And it goes deeper than basic
proximity. According to C.L Harrington, "Those who monitor trends in marriage, divorce, and
intimacy note that the ideal of love in America appears to be undergoing gradual but significant
change, and the reasons for it are hard to grasp." Nowadays, dating is not so easy. With cities
becoming so large and the people becoming more specific to their dating preferences, Ansari argues
that online dating is becoming more than just a last–ditch option.
Choices & options that accompany online dating: These topics are covered in the third and fourth
chapters of Modern Romance, and mostly discusses the benefits of Online Dating, without
forgetting to note a dangerous problem that stems from it. Ansari starts with the benefits, which
include narrowing down potential dating partners based on interests, geographic location, race,
religion, and any other characteristic people would like to pick by hand. But a large theme in this

Examining Contending Views on Human Nature: Mancius vs. Xunzi
Examining Contending Views on Human Nature: Mancius vs. Xunzi
Throughout human intellectual history, mankind has debated the question: "are humans good by
nature?" Do humans do good out of only self–centered motivations, or is there an internal built–in
sense of morality? Today, we face this problem more than ever. For example, if a lawyer argues a
killer's intentions for committing heinous crimes originate from the fact that he has a tendency
towards naturally incompetency, or if outside influences turned a naturally well–to–do individual
into a ill–willed murderer. Mencius and Xunzi are among the most notable Confucian scholars, yet
their differing views on this philosophical conundrum set them apart. Mencius maintained an ...
The first section will deal with the similarities between the two philosophers beliefs and
methodologies, and their interpretations in the modern day. Then, the essay will individually analyze
first Mencius, then Xunzi's fundamental stance on human nature using the primary sources
mentioned above. Subsequently, I will reiterate the primary stance of my thesis and support it using
the primary and second sources that I have acknowledged in the body of my paper. Finally, I will
conclude by examining these two competing beliefs in light of modern interpretations of human
nature. It is necessary to observe that Xunzi and Mencius both acknowledged that humans in general
have both good and bad emotions as well sentiments of selfishness and selflessness. Furthermore,
their belief system is built on the fact that humans' internal battle to cultivate good sentiments and
purge the bad ones is influenced by nature and external environments, and that by performing rituals
one can achieve moral enlightenment and inherent goodness. Apart from rituals, which are now
commonly regarded as archaic and superstitious in modern society, my argument is in unison with
this approach. Most people in modern society believe in a sort of cosmic or karmatic force, in which
all individuals' good emotions are measured in comparison to our self–centered emotions, and by
conducting good

Essay On The Revolution Of 1968
LACKING TO BE MORE INFLUENTIAL
Renown as one of the three important turning points of our modern world–system besides the long
sixteenth century as a capitalist world–economy; and the French Revolution of geoculture for this
world–system, one that was dominated by centrist liberalism; and the world revolution of 1968,
which presaged the long terminal phase of the modern world system in which we find ourselves and
which undermined the centrist liberal geoculture that was holding the world–system together. At the
same time, the undeniable predicaments that the revolution was met by the upholders of the system
enabled the World Revolution of 1968 to be lost in uprisals failing to bring about the change that it
set out to achieve.
May 1968 was the most advanced movement of an exceptional year of struggle that remains a high–
point of the post–WWII era. Hopes and possibilities were raised high – yet the revolution never
came, even though the idea of revolution (though often limited and confused) was a part of the
general ferment and atmosphere in a way that seems extraordinary now, looking back from where
we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Initiated the successful rebellion against Soviet–bloc communism in 1989. Thus, the relevance of
the World Revolution of 1968 is undeniable although short–lived the uprisal it did cast a spell of
enlightenment that set on a slow evolutionary road leading us to where we are today. The Youth
initiated movements of 1968 revolution aiming at a new world, a new society beyond the borders of
ideological conflicts that was suffocating the world extended bases of freedom. The fundamental
features being breaking the rules within a political culture that strengthened the civil society to craft
a new attitude to the happenings of the wide

What Is The Theme Of A Bend In The River
Rivera Jose Gabriel
Hankins
English 116
05/20/2015
A Bend in the River – Book Review
"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no
place in it". That's how V.S. Naipaul starts his novel "A Bend in the River". The book describes the
post–independence struggles of an unnamed Africa governed by a dictator, "The Big Man". A Bend
in the River is a story of historical upheaval and social breakdown. The collision of cultures in India,
Arab, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean inform the extraordinary view of Naipaul's creative
imagination. He was born in Trinidad in 1932 from a Hindu family that had come generations back
as indentured servants from the subcontinent of India to a tropical island in the Caribbean, where
Hindus were a minority. Perhaps the shape of his vision owes something to his own placement in the
world. Salim, our first person narrator whose roots come from mixed Muslim Arab–African but
more closely related to Hindus of northwestern India. He and his family had been living at the
Eastern coast of Africa that was filled with people who were not truly African. They were ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is during his brief stay in jail that perceives the world from the place of the African inhabitants,
this alters his views about native Africans. The part from the jail clearly suggests the kind of wisdom
Salim gains through his experience, regardless of feeling different from the other prisoners, he
reaches a certain understanding of their situation within the context of them and not his own
assumptions. A Bend in the River brought to light a whole world, a culture, a historical experience,
and it did so in a way that felt true and insightful at that time. It gave us an understanding of the
experience of these people that we couldn't get from any history of Africa even

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