Describe each level of cache. Time sharing systems do what for the user? and What is the fundamental difference between multitasking and multiprocessing environments? Solution 1) Cache memory is fast and expensive. Traditionally, it is categorized as \"levels\" that describe its closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor: Level 1 (L1) cache is extremely fast but relatively small, and is usually embedded in the processor chip (CPU). Level 2 (L2) cache is often more capacious than L1; it may be located on the CPU or on a separate chip or coprocessor with a high-speed alternative system bus interconnecting the cache to the CPU, so as not to be slowed by traffic on the main system bus. Level 3 (L3) cache is typically specialized memory that works to improve the performance of L1 and L2. It can be significantly slower than L1 or L2, but is usually double the speed of RAM. In the case of multicore processors, each core may have its own dedicated L1 and L2 cache, but share a common L3 cache. When an instruction is referenced in the L3 cache, it is typically elevated to a higher tier cache. 2) Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multi-programming. Processor\'s time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.Time-Sharing Systems objective is to minimize response time. Time sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in time slots to several programs simultaneously. eg: mainframe computer having many users logged in Multi-user is a term that defines an operating system that allows concurrent access by multiple users of a computer. eg: batch processing systems for mainframe Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems. Advantages of Timesharing operating systems are following Provide advantage of quick response. Avoids duplication of software. Reduces CPU idle time. Multiprocessing - A computer using more than one CPU at a time Multitasking - Tasks sharing a common resource (like 1 CPU).It is a logical extension of multiprogramming.It means running several tasks on computer.Switching between the jobs is so fast that the user can interact with the system..

1. Describe each level of cache. Time sharing systems do what for the user? and What is the
fundamental difference between multitasking and multiprocessing environments?
Solution
1)
Cache memory is fast and expensive. Traditionally, it is categorized as "levels" that describe its
closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor:
Level 1 (L1) cache is extremely fast but relatively small, and is usually embedded in the
processor chip (CPU).
Level 2 (L2) cache is often more capacious than L1; it may be located on the CPU or on a
separate chip or coprocessor with a high-speed alternative system bus interconnecting the cache
to the CPU, so as not to be slowed by traffic on the main system bus.
Level 3 (L3) cache is typically specialized memory that works to improve the performance of
L1 and L2. It can be significantly slower than L1 or L2, but is usually double the speed of RAM.
In the case of multicore processors, each core may have its own dedicated L1 and L2 cache, but
share a common L3 cache. When an instruction is referenced in the L3 cache, it is typically
elevated to a higher tier cache.
2)
Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a
particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension
of multi-programming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is
termed as time-sharing.Time-Sharing Systems objective is to minimize response time. Time
sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in time slots to several programs
simultaneously.
eg: mainframe computer having many users logged in
Multi-user is a term that defines an operating system that allows concurrent access by multiple
users of a computer.
eg: batch processing systems for mainframe
Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems.
Advantages of Timesharing operating systems are following
Provide advantage of quick response.
Avoids duplication of software.
Reduces CPU idle time.
Multiprocessing - A computer using more than one CPU at a time
Multitasking - Tasks sharing a common resource (like 1 CPU).It is a logical extension of

2. multiprogramming.It means running several tasks on computer.Switching between the jobs is
so fast that the user can interact with the system.