Mathematics article

1. MATHEMATICS
Itis said thatMathematics is thegateandkey oftheScience. According tothefamous
PhilosopherKant, "AScience is exact onlyin sofar as itemploys Mathematics". So,all scientific
education whichdoesnotcommence withMathematics is said tobedefective atits
foundation.Neglect ofmathematics worksinjury toall knowledge.
Onewhois ignorantof mathematics cannot knowotherthingsofthe World.Again,whatis
worse,whoare thusignorant are unabletoperceive their ownignorance anddonotseek any
remedy. SoKantsays, "Anatural Science is aScience in so faras it ismathematical". And
Mathematics hasplayed a veryimportant role inbuilding upmodernCivilization byperfecting
all Science.
Inthis modernage ofScience andTechnology,emphasis is given onScience such as Physics,
Chemistry, Biology, Medicine andEngineering. Mathematics, which is aScience byany
criterion, also is anefficient andnecessary toolbeing employedbyall these Sciences. Asa
matter offact,all these Sciences progress onlywith theaidof Mathematics. Soit isaptly
remarked, "Mathematics is a Science ofall Sciences andart ofall arts."
Mathematics is acreation of humanmind concerned chiefly withideas, processes and
reasoning. Itis muchmore than Arithmetic,more thanAlgebra more thanGeometry. Alsoit is
much morethan Trigonometry,Statistics, andCalculus.
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM IN MATHEMATICS
Considered a mathematician, butforemosta philosopher,Pythagoraswas avery important
figure in mathematics, astronomy,musical theory,andin theworld'shistory.However, little in
theway ofreliable recordis knownabouthislife andaccomplishments. The accounts of
Pythagorasinventing themusical scale, performing miracles, andannouncing prophecies are
probablyonlylegend,and appeartohave little historical foundation.Scholarsgenerally agree
onlyuponthemain events inhis life, andusually combine togetherdiscoveries byPythagoras
withthosebyhis bandofloyal followers.
Pythagorasestablished in whatis nowthesoutheastern coastof Italya philosophical, political,
andreligious society whosemembers believed thatthe worldcouldbeexplained using

2. mathematics asbased uponwholenumbers andtheir ratios.Their mottowas "Allis number."
Even thewordsphilosophy(or"love ofwisdom")andmathematics (or"thatwhichis learned")
is believed tohave beenfirst used(and defined)bythePythagoreans.
Many Pythagoreanbeliefs (suchas secrecy, vegetarianism, periodsoffoodabstinence and
silence, refusal toeat beans,refusal towear animal skins,celibacy, self-examination,
immortality, and reincarnation) were directed as "rulesof life."The main focus ofPythagorean
thoughtwasethics,developed primarily within philosophy,mathematics, music, and
gymnastics. Thebeliefs ofthesociety were thatreality is mathematical; philosophyis usedfor
spiritual purification; the soulis divine; andcertain symbols possess mystical significance. Both
men andwomen werepermitted tobecome members. Infact,several female Pythagoreans
became notedphilosophers. AesaraofLucania wasaPythagoreanphilosopherknownforher
theoryofthetripartsoul,whichshebelievedconsistedofthemind,spiritedness,anddesire.
Theformalization ofmathematics withtheuse of axiomaticsystemswasthemostprofound
contributionthatthePythagorean society madetomathematics. Pythagoreansdeveloped this
significant concept byshowingthatarbitrary laws ofempirical geometry couldbeprovedas
logical conclusions froma small number ofaxioms, orpostulates. Typical ofthedeveloped
axioms was "Astraightline is the shortestdistance betweentwopoints."