bio medical engineering history

1. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
A New, Promising Interdisciplinary Field
Mohamed Bingabr, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Engineering and Physics
University of Central Oklahoma

2. ENGINEERING Versus SCIENCE
• Scientist strive to create new knowledge
about how things work.
• Engineers understand well science and
mathematics and utilize them to solve
problems for public and economic gain.

3. WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
According to the working definition of the National
Institutes of Health (NIH), The application of
concepts and methods of engineering, biology,
medicine, physiology, physics, materials science,
chemistry, mathematics and computer sciences to
develop methods and technologies to solve health
problems in humans.

4. WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
According to the United States Department of
Labor, Apply knowledge of engineering,
biology, and biomechanical principles to the
design, development, and evaluation of
biological and health systems and products,
such as artificial organs, prostheses,
instrumentation, medical information systems,
and heath management and care delivery
systems.

5. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering

6. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Bioinstrumentation
– Methods for obtaining invasive and noninvasive
measurements from the human body, organs,
cells, and molecules.
– Electronic instrumentation, principles of analog
and digital signal processing
– Measurement concept such as accuracy,
reproducibility, noise suppression, calibration
methods, safety requirements.

7. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Biomaterials (Tissue Engineering)
– Design and development of materials derived
from natural sources for medical devices and
diagnostic products, tissue engineering, organ
engineering, and drug delivery.
• Biomechanics
– Cover both biofluid and biosolid mechanics at the
molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ-system
levels.

8. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Biosignals (Medical Informatics)
– Signal analysis ( statistics and transform) of
biological signals
– Use data to uncover the mechanisms of signal
production, and the fundamental origins of the
variability in the signal.
– Data collection and analysis to assist in decision
making.

9. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Biosystems
– Molecules and cells are the building blocks of
organ systems.
– Integrate properties of biological systems with
engineering tools of system analysis to understand
physiological relationships.

10. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Biotransport
– Cover transport processes from the organ to the
subcellular level.
– Transport of mass, momentum, and energy.
– Transport of ions, proteins, viruses, and drug.

11. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Cellular Engineering
– Develops and communicates quantitative
biochemical and biophysical design principles
that govern cell function.
– Control metabolism, signaling, regulation,
proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

12. Disciplines of Biomedical Engineering
• Clinical Engineering
– Managing diagnostic and laboratory
equipment in the hospital.
• Rehabilitation Engineering
– Works directly with patients such as disabled
individuals to modifies or designs new
equipment to achieve a better standard of life.

13. Homework 1
Pick any of the listed tracks for biomedical
engineering (instrumentation, clinical,
material, imaging) and write a two-page
paper about an invention, current research,
or instrument used in diagnosis, treatment,
or improving a health problem.
Due: Thursday 1/26/2017

14. WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN
• Basic biology and human physiology
• Basic chemistry knowledge and
laboratory techniques.
• Physics and Engineering principles
• Knowledge of biomaterials, biomechanics
and related fields

15. WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN
• Latest instrumentation and methodologies
in biomedical engineering
• Use computers in a biomedical setting
• Research experience in biomedical settings
• Practical biomedical engineering
experience through industrial internships
and biomedical design projects

16. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
• Pharmaceutical Company as a
process engineer: Equipment design,
producing new drug.
• Clinical engineering in hospital
• Graduate School: Research
• Medical School: M.D./Ph.D. (Funded
by NIH)

17. JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES
• Design, construct, and test medical devices
such as cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators,
artificial kidneys, blood oxygenators, hearts,
blood vessels, joints, arms, and legs.
• Design computer systems to monitor patients
during surgery or in intensive care.

18. JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES
• Design and Build sensors to measure
blood pressure and blood chemistry, such
as potassium, sodium, 02, CO2, and pH.
• Design instruments and devices for
therapeutic uses, such as a laser system for
eye surgery or a device for automated
delivery of insulin.
• Construct and implement
mathematical/computer models of
physiological systems.

19. JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES
• Establish and maintain clinical
laboratories and other units within the
hospital and health care delivery system
that utilize advanced technology.
• Design, build and investigating medical
imaging systems based on X-rays
(computer assisted tomography), isotopes
(position emission tomography), magnetic
fields (magnetic resonance imaging),
ultrasound, or newer modalities.

20. JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES
• Design and construct biomaterials and
determine the mechanical, transport, and
biocompatibility properties of implantable
artificial materials.
• Implement new diagnostic procedures,
especially those requiring engineering
analyses to determine parameters that are
not directly accessible to measurements,
such as in the lungs or heart.

21. U.S. Department of Labor
Projections Jobs
Discipline 2014 2024 %
Biomedical 22,100 27,200 23
Computer 79,000 82,000 5
Electrical 315,000 315,000 0
Mechanical 277,500 291,500 5
Biologist 87,000 95,000 9
Chemist 98,400 101,000 3

22. U.S. Department of Labor
EARNING
Discipline 2015
Biomedical Engineering $ 86,220
Mechanical Engineering $ 83,590
Electrical Engineering $ 95,200
Biologist $ 59,680
Chemists $ 72,610
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm#19-
0000

24. BME CURRICULUM PROGRAM
AT UCO
• Biology: 11 hours
• Chemistry: 10 hours
• Engineering: 51 hours
• Math and Computer Science: 18 hours
• Physics: 14 hours
• BME Technical Electives: 15 hours
• Total: 126 hours

25. BME COURSES AT UCO
• Principle of Biomedical Engineering (3)
– Applications of physics and engineering
principles to biomedical systems
– Study of biomedical functions of the human
body using mechanics, electricity and
magnetism, optics, and thermodynamics
– Responses of human biomedical functions to
different bioengineering applications

26. BME COURSES AT UCO
• Biomedical Instrumentation (3)
– Sensors and Principle
– Amplifier and Signal Processing
– Origin of Biopotential
– Biopotential Electrode and Amplifier
– Clinical Laboratory Instrument
– Therapeutic And Prosthetic Devices

27. BME COURSES AT UCO
• Medical Imaging (3)
– Signals and Systems
– Image Quality
– Physics of Radiography
– Projection Radiography
– Physics of Magnetic Resonance
– Magnetic Resonance Imaging

28. BME COURSES AT UCO
• Medical Engineering Laboratory (2)
-Electromyogram Measurement and Analysis
(EMG):
– Electrocardiogram and Pulses (ECG)
– Ultrasound to Evaluate Pulmonary Function
– Extracellular Stimulation and Recording of
Action Potential from Frog Sciatic Nerve

29. BME COURSES AT UCO
• BioMechanic (3)
– Application of mechanics to describe the
cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems.
– Biological Transport Processes
– Interrelationship between biomechanics and
physiology in medicine, surgery
– Design of prosthetic devices.

30. BME RESEARCH AND FACULTY
AT UCO
• Cancer Treatment Using Selective Photothermal
Interactions (Dr. Wei Chen)
• Cochlear Implant and Image Transmission (Dr.
Mohamed Bingabr)
• Image Quality and MRI Image Construction (Dr.
Yuhao Jiang)
• Biofluid Mechanics (Dr. Evan Lemley)
• Microfluidics, Instrumentation, & Diagnosis (Dr. Robi
Hossan)
• Musculoskeletal Mechanics & Biomaterials (Dr.
Morshed Khandaker)
• Cellular and Tissue Biomechanics (Dr. Gang Xu)

31. FURTHER INFORMATION ON
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
• Biomedical Engineering Handbook
• Related Web Sites:
– Biomedical Engineering Society
• http://mecca.org/BME/BMES/society/
– The Whitaker Foundation for BME
• http://www.whitaker.org/
– US Department of Labor
• https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172031.htm

32. THE END