The Internet of Everything and Personalization
Opher Etzion, PhD
Professor and Head of the Institute of Technological Empowerment, YVC
opher.etzion@gmail.com

Such applications
become possible
since everything is
connected
None of the
authorized drivers
location is near the
car’s location
theft is concluded
Use a built-in car
stopper to slow the
intruder and dispatch
the security company
A person enters a
car and the car
starts moving;
the person does not
look like one of the
authorized drivers
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The term “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton in
1999.
His observation was that all the data on the Internet has been
created by a human.
His vision was: “we need to empower computers with their
own means of gathering information, so they can see, hear,
and smell the world by themselves”.

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The term “Internet of Everything” was coined by Cisco
It is an extension : M2M, M2P, P2P connecting persons and
machines.
Example: WAZE is based on human sensors
We’ll use this term as a generalization of IoT

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The world of sensors
1 Acoustic, sound, vibration
2 Automotive, transportation
3 Chemical
4 Electric current, electric potential,
magnetic, radio
5 Environment, weather, moisture,
humidity
6 Flow, fluid velocity
7 Ionizing radiation, subatomic particles
8 Navigation instruments
9 Position, angle, displacement, distance,
speed, acceleration
10 Optical, light, imaging, photon
11 Pressure
12 Force, density, level
13 Thermal, heat, temperature
14 Proximity, presence

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The value of sensors
Kevin Ashton: “track and count everything, and greatly
reduce waste, loss, and cost. We could know when things
needs replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they
were fresh or past their best”
The value is in the ability to know and react in a timely
manner to situations that are detected by sensors

“There is no Internet of Things yet”
Sarah Rotman Epps
Oct 17, 2013
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The Forrester report entitled “There is no Internet of Things
Yet” asserts that while much of the sensor technology
exists, each sensor lives in isolation, while multi sensor
system is difficult to construct

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Differences between the traditional
Internet to the Internet of Everything
Topic Traditional Internet Internet of
Everything
Who creates content? Human Machine
How is the content
consumed?
By request By pushing
information and
triggering actions
How content is
combined?
Using explicitly
defined links
Through explicitly
defined operators
What is the value? Answer questions Action and timely
knowledge
What was done so
far?
Both content creation
(HTML…) and content
consumption (search
engines)
Mainly content
creation

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“How does Event Processing get into the
picture?”
While the weakest link is now considered the data
integration issue – looking beyond that we can find event
processing
Combining data from multi-sensors to get observations,
alerts, and actions in real-time gets us to the issue of
detecting patterns in event streams
However much of the IoT world has not realized it yet…

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A major difference between traditional
Internet and the IoE – usability
The success of the Internet is attributed to its relative
simplicity:
to connect
to create content
to search
Imagine that any search in the
Internet would have been done
using SQL queries…
How pervasive do you think the
Internet would have been?

For situational awareness….
Languages are actually more complex than SQL
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// Large cash deposit
insert into LargeCashDeposit
select * from Cash deposit where amount > 100,000
// Frequent (At least three) large cash deposits
create context AccountID partition by accountId on Cash deposit;
Context AccountID
Insert into FrequentLargeCashDeposits select count(*) from LargeCashDeposit having count(*)>3;
// Frequent cash deposits followed by transfer abroad
Context AccountID
insert into SuspiciousAccount select * from pattern [
every f=FrequentCashDeposit -> t=TransferAbroad where timer.within(10 days)]

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The Internet of Everything is applicable to
virtually anything…
In this presentation we discuss applications in:
Aiding the elderly, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities,
environment and sustainability, retail, industrial
applications,, home automation, and examples of
applications for the ordinary person

Chair
Sensor
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Safety sensors
Alerts example:
Door was not locked within 2 minutes after entrance
Falling event detected
Vocal distress detected
No motion for certain time period detected
Motion
sensor
Door
sensor
Voice
Sensor
Alert
family
member

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Personalized alerts based on collection of monitors
E-Health sensors

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Control the exact conditions of plants grown in water to get
the highest efficiency crops..
Hydroponic system control

Sensors that determine the right time to collect waste
based on the container’s condition and enable to
dynamically schedule the waste collection schedule
Smart Waste management
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Sensors that replace the human driver’s sensing, and
actuators that drive the car.
Driverless car
2017

Computing
implants inside
the human body
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Sensors and actuators that fight any disease, operate in
the level of cell, and reprogram the body to stop the aging
process.
2020
2040
Short term: switch off our fat cells
Longer term: stay
young forever

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Internet of things – what’s holding us back
Chris Murphy,
InformationWeek,
May 5, 2014
1.The data is not good enough
2.Networks aren't ubiquitous
3.Integration is tougher than analysis
4.More sensor innovation needed
5.Status quo security doesn't cut it
We’ll concentrate on these topics – with special
emphasis on the democratization of use

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Data is not good enough…

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State-of-the-art systems assume that data satisfies the “closed world
assumption”, being complete and precise as a result of a cleansing process before
the data is utilized.
Processing data is
deterministic
In real applications events may be uncertain or have imprecise content
for various reasons (missing data, inaccurate/noisy input; e.g. data from
sensors or social media)
Often, in real time applications cleansing the data is not feasible due to
time constraints

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Where does the uncertainty come from?

Security considerations of IoE
Murder by the Internet
“With so many devices being Internet connected, it makes murdering
people remotely relatively simple, at least from a technical perspective.
That’s horrifying,” said IID president and CTO Rod Rasmussen. “Killings
can be carried out with a significantly lower chance of getting caught,
much less convicted, and if human history shows us anything, if you can
find a new way to kill, it will be eventually be used.”
EXAMPLES: Turn off pacemakers, Shutdown car systems while driving,
stop IV drip from functioning
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Privacy considerations of IoE
The traditional Internet and social networks are already compromising
privacy in the virtual world
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The Internet of Everything increases the challenge since it can track the
physical world

Democratization of use in Internet of Everything
Challenges:
Integration of sensors and actuators
Personalization of situation detection
Pervasive use
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Standardization
Standards were crucial to the success of the traditional web
The “Joint Coordinated Activities on IoT” published in
February 2014 standards roadmap:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/iot/Pages/default.aspx
With aspects on architecture, format, identification,
sensor network management and more…
AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM and Intel form Industrial Internet
Consortium for IoT standards in March 2014
http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/att-cisco-ge-ibm-and-intel-
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form-industrial-internet-consortium-iot-standard/
2014-03-28#ixzz32F6UB1KE

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On Personalization
The industrial revolution opened the era of mass
production, variety depends on the economy
of scale.
Current technology such as Internet of Things
provides the opportunity to enable everybody to
create their own systems. This requires multi-disciplinary
effort.

Personalization of situation detection
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For simplification we need to clean the noise
Eliminating noise from the model
Current models are close to the implementation
models – and from pure logic view contain
“noise”.
Bringing data from current state
Query Enrichment Inclusion in events
Examples:
Determine what food-type
the container carries
Fetch the temperature
regulations for a specific
food type
Other noise : workarounds
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The Event Model
Research project developed by IBM Haifa Research Lab and Knowledge
Partners International that dealt with simplification of event processing
using model driven engineering approach
The Event Model design goals
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Short video can be found in:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zjy8
wngy5Y&feature=youtu.be

From hype to reality
The hype is there…
The potential to be the basis of a revolution is there…
Some solutions are there….
Bridging the gaps are on the way.... The community
needs to focus on the crucial issues…

My main motivation is to use the experience and knowledge I
have accumulated over the years to make a better world
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