detailed information about COVID_19 and Corona Viruses how it would be transmitted and all the preventive measures information about the vaccine of corona virus

1. Nosheen Sultan

3. Contents
•What is corona virus
•Types of corona virus
•Covid_19
•Mode of transmission
•Symptoms
•Risk factors
•Diagnostic Test
•Prevention
•Treatment
•conclusion

4. What is Corona virus
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that cause diseases in
animals and humans. They often circulate among camels, cats, and
bats, and can sometimes evolve and infect people.
In animals, coronaviruses can cause diarrhea in cows and pigs, and
upper respiratory disease in chickens. In humans, the viruses can
cause mild respiratory infections (an infection in nose, sinuses, or
upper throat), like the common cold, but can lead to serious illnesses,
like pneumonia.
Most coronaviruses aren't dangerous.

5. Human Coronavirus Origins
The most likely ecological reservoirs for
coronaviruses are bats, but it is believed that
the virus jumped the species barrier to humans
from another intermediate animal host.
This intermediate animal host could be a
domestic food animal, a wild animal, or a
domesticated wild animal which has not yet
been identified.

6. Why called Corona Virus
Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their
surface.
Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s

7. Types of Coronavirus
There are seven different types of Corona Viruses.
SARS-CoV-2 is one of seven types of coronavirus, including the ones
that cause severe diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS) and sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
The other coronaviruses cause most of the colds that affect us during
the year but aren’t a serious threat for otherwise healthy people.

8. What Is COVID-19?
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China(Wuhan), the
World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type
of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.
COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger
respiratory tract infection. It can affect your upper respiratory tract
(sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe and
lungs)

9. COVID-19
'CO' stands for corona
'VI' for virus
'D' for disease
‘19’ for the time period of outbreak (Dec 2019)
Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel coronavirus' or
'2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same
family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and
some types of common cold

10. What is a pandemic?
A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over
a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually
affecting a large number of people”.
Epidemic
An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of
people in a given population within a short period of time.

11. COVID-19……..A pandemic
The coronavirus outbreak has
been labelled a pandemic by
the World Health Organization
(WHO).
The World Health
Organization (WHO) changed
their classification of the
situation from a public health
emergency of international
concern to a pandemic on
March 11, 2020.

13. How is COVID-19 transmitted?
Current evidence suggests that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs
primarily between people through direct, indirect, or close contact
with infected people through infected secretions such as saliva and
respiratory secretions, or through their respiratory droplets, which are
expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or sings.

15. COVID_19………..Myth or reality
It is a reality that COVID_19 exists but a lot of myths been
evolving.
The virus has been responsible for tens of million of infections
globally, causing more than a million deaths.
As ever, when the word “pandemic” began appearing in headlines,
people became fearful — and with fear came misinformation and
rumors.

16. Myths…..
Corona virus is not a contagious disease .
Its not a fatal disease , mortality rate is high because it’s a new virus
in the world and we have not its effective treatment.
COVID-19 is not only spreading in older adults or children rather
Anyone, of any age, can develop the infection that causes COVID-19.
Few people also think that it is only an agenda there is nothing like a
pandemic, for them kindly do care for yourself and for your beloving
people around you because many of us came to accept this fact when
they lost their loved one……Alaas!

17. Incubation period of COVID-19
The incubation period of COVID-19, which is the time between
exposure to the virus and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days, but
can be as long as 14 days.
Thus, quarantine should be in place for 14 days from the last
exposure to a confirmed case.

19. Symptoms of COVID-19
•Sore throat
•Congestion/runny nose
•Loss of smell or taste
•Nausea
•Diarrhea
•Body aches
•Headache
The main symptoms include:
• Fever
• Coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Trouble breathing
• Fatigue
• Chills, sometimes with
shaking

20. If you notice the following severe symptoms in yourself or a loved
one, get medical help right away:
•Trouble breathing or shortness of breath
•Ongoing chest pain or pressure
•New confusion
•Can’t wake up fully
•Bluish lips or face

21. Complications of COVID-19
The virus can lead to
• Pneumonia
• respiratory failure
• heart problems
• liver problems septic shock
• death.
Many COVID-19 complications may be caused by a condition known as
cytokine release syndrome or a cytokine storm. This is when an infection
triggers your immune system to flood your bloodstream with inflammatory
proteins called cytokines. They can kill tissue and damage your organs.

22. Coronavirus Risk Factors
Anyone can get COVID-19, and most infections are mild.
The older you are, the higher your risk of severe illness.
You also a have higher chance of serious illness if you have one of these health conditions:
1. Chronic kidney disease
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
3. A weakened immune system because of an organ transplant
4. Obesity
5. Serious heart conditions such as heart failure or coronary artery disease
6. Sickle cell disease
7. Type 2 diabetes

23. Coronavirus Diagnosis
If you have symptoms like:
• Fever of 100 F or higher
• Cough
• Trouble breathing
• Positive Corona Virus Test

24. Corona Virus Test
A swab test is the most common method. It looks for signs of the
virus in your upper respiratory tract. The person giving the test puts a
swab up your nose to get a sample from the back of your nose and
throat. That sample usually goes to a lab that looks for viral material,
but some areas may have rapid tests that give results in as little as 15
minutes.
If there are signs of the virus, the test is positive. A negative test could
mean there is no virus or there wasn’t enough to measure.

25. Corona Virus Test
Corona
test

26. Vaccine
A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and
provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the
causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute,
treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease

29. COVID_19 Vaccine
Two COVID vaccines are now being rolled out in the UK, with a third
having been approved for use.
Vaccines teach our bodies to fight the infection by stopping us from
catching coronavirus, or at least making Covid less deadly.
Having a vaccine, alongside better treatments, is "the" exit strategy.

31. Oxford University-AstraZeneca vaccine
The roll-out of the Oxford vaccine began on 5 January. It was approved
late in 2020 after trials showed that it stopped 70% of people developing
Covid symptoms.
•The data also showed a strong immune response in older people.
•There is also intriguing data that suggests perfecting the dose could
increase protection up to 90%
•This may be one of the easiest vaccines to distribute, because it does not
need to be stored at very cold temperatures.
•It is made from a weakened version of a common cold virus from
chimpanzees, that has been modified to not grow in humans.

32. Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine
The big breakthrough came when Pfizer-BioNTech published its
first results in November.
•They showed the vaccine is up to 95% effective
•It is given in two doses, three weeks apart
The vaccine must be stored at a temperature of around -70C. It will
be transported in a special box, packed in dry ice and installed with
GPS trackers.
On 2 December, the UK became the first country in the world to
approve the Pfizer/BioNTech coronavirus vaccine for widespread use.

33. Moderna vaccine
The Moderna vaccine is a new type called an RNA vaccine, and uses
a tiny fragment of the virus's genetic code.
This starts making part of the virus inside the body, which the
immune system recognizes as foreign and starts to attack.
•It protects 94.5% of people, the company says
•It is given in two doses, four weeks apart
The Moderna vaccine uses the same approach as the Pfizer
vaccine but it is easier to store, because it stays stable at -20C for up
to six months.

34. Treatment
For all patients, supportive care is recommended:
•take pain and fever medications
•use a humidifier or take a hot shower
•drink plenty of liquids
•stay home and rest
•Convalescent plasma therapy
The Food and Drug Administration has approved the antiviral drug
remdesivir for treating certain patients who are hospitalized for COVID-
19.

35. Prevention
There are steps you can take to help
prevent infection:
•limit contact with others and stay home as
advised
•wear a face mask consistently and
correctly
•practice social distancing (stay at least 6
feet apart from others)

37. Different
types
of
mask

38. Prevention
wash your hands
often with soap and
water for at least 20
seconds

39. Prevention
•avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth
•cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
•clean and disinfect objects and surfaces
•avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home while
you are sick
•avoid nonessential indoor spaces and crowded outdoor settings