1) The document discusses various alternatives for handling solid organic waste including vermicomposting, biogas, and producing organic fertilizer. 2) A decision matrix is used to evaluate the alternatives based on attributes like cost, processing time, revenue potential, and environmental impact. 3) Vermicomposting is selected as the preferred alternative because it has the highest overall score in the decision matrix, has low costs, no environmental effects, and does not require expert staff to operate.

2. Project
Title
HOWTO HANDLE SOLIDWASTE
(ORGANIC)?
HITEC University Taxila
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Ma’am Huma Fawad
(Instructor)

3. Outline
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Problem Statement
Introduction
Waste Management Solutions
Three R’s
Preferred Alternatives
Decision Matrix
Mind Mapping
Final decision

4. Problem
Statement
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How to handle Solid OrganicWaste to Reduce organic
waste in the Environment.
Choose the most beneficialAlternative.
Develop a Decision Matrix.
Mind Mapping.

5. Introduction
Solid Waste Management:
 Solid waste management is defined as the discipline that deals with the
generation, handling, collection, shipping, manufacturing, and landfilling of
solid waste materials in a manner that takes a variety of public health,
sustainability, financial, aesthetic, engineering, as well as other
environmental factors.
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6. Three R’s
The 3R Initiative expects to advance the "3Rs" all around the world to construct a
sound-material-cycle society through the viable utilization of assets and materials. The
standard of diminishing waste, reusing and reusing assets and items is regularly called
the "3Rs."
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Reduce
•Reducing implies deciding to
utilize things with care to
decrease the measure of
waste created. The most ideal
way of overseeing waste is to
not deliver it. This should be
possible by shopping
cautiously and monitoring a
couple of rules:
•Buy solid products – ones
that are all around
constructed.
•Avoid dispensable products,
for example, paper plates,
cups, napkins, razors etc.
•Use material napkins rather
than paper napkins.
Reuse
•Reusing is a progression of
steps that takes a pre-owned
material and processes,
remanufactures, and sells it as
another item. Start reusing at
home and at work:
•Buy items that is gathered
for reusing.
•Use reused paper
Recycle
•Reusing includes the
rehashed utilization of things
or portions of things which
actually have usable
perspectives. It bodies well to
reuse items. Once in a while it
takes imagination:
•Reuse items for a similar
reason. Save paper and
plastic sacks, and fix broken
machines, furniture and
toys. Reuse items in various
ways.
•Sell old garments,
apparatuses, toys, and
furniture.

7. Alternatives
(Vermicomposting)
 Vermicomposting is a process in which Compost worms are fed organic solid
wastes like food and plant scraps that are consumed and converted vermin-
compost.
 This is a much better method than composting. Because it yields larger
amounts of nitrogen. Which is much beneficial to be used in a fertilizer.
 Vermicomposting is much efficient and economical way to reduce organic
waste and can be installed in any home or office area.
 Vermin-Composting can even be used in homes as well reducing the organic
waste to almost zero.
 The recommended system to use at is a stacked Vermin-Compost bin that
acts as a worm tea dispenser.
 Worm tea is a combination of water-soluble nutrients like Ca, Na, P, K and Mg
and also many N-based nutrients which enrich the fertility of the soil.
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8. Alternatives
(Vermicomposting)
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9. Alternatives
(Bio-gas)
It comprises of CH4 and CO2. produced from food waste, cow manure,
sewage waste and green waste.
It is a renewable energy resource.
It is done in four steps but the overall chemical reaction is
C6H12O6 → 3CO2 + 3CH4
CH4 and CO2 are the by-products while Glucose has been digested
anaerobically by the micro-organisms.
It can be easily installed at home, offices etc
Alternative of firewood, cooking gas
It also reduces the cutting of trees
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10. Alternatives
(Bio-gas)
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11. Alternatives
(organic
Fertilizer)
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• Raw material used in this process are; 1) White eggshells 2) Kitchen waste
3) Wood briquettes 4) Plant waste
• Time period four month
• 30% household waste can be reused in this process instead of landfill.
• Should be kept in controlled environment
• 4 models study in this research
models 1 and 2, which contained dry materials such as White eggshells and
garden residues and green materials such as domestic refuse food and containers 3
and 4, which contained dry materials such as wood briquettes and green materials
such as domestic refuse daily
• Container 1,3 used domestic water and 2,4 used pipe water supply
• Hydrated with 1 2 liter after 2 weeks and stirred weekly
• the models 1 and 2, create a primary class layer of carbon-rich trees and layer of
NPK. And add layer of dry leave on top.
• A layer of sawdust and a layer of household garbage were utilized to fill the 3 and
4 containers
Container 1 has a fast dose of nutrients and decay faster its is most appropriate
method for organic fertilizer.

12. Decision
Matrix
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Attributes
Alternatives
Plant
Cost(40k)
Processing
Time
(1
day)
Revenue
(60k
per
month)
Complexity
(Low)
Effect
on
environment(moderate)
Durability
(5
year)
Technical
Staff
(1
person)
Safety
Total
Score 0.15 0.1 0.15 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.10 1
Vermicomposting 90%
=13.5
40%
= 4
10%=
1.5
65%=
3.25
90%=
27
90%=
4.5
90%=
9
70%=
7
69.75
Biogas 10%
= 1.5
90%
= 9
90%
= 13.5
10%
= 0.5
10%
= 3
70%
= 3.5
70%
= 7
10%
= 1
39
organic Fertilizer 80%
= 12
10% =
1
80%
= 12
30%
= 1.5
40%
= 12
80%
= 4
80%
= 8
60%
= 6
56.5
Boundary conditions: cost 40k, time 1 day, low complexity level, 5 year durability, staff 1 person, moderate environment effect.

13. Mind
Mapping
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14. Final Decision
 Profit margin will be double on per kg in vermicomposting.
 Its plant cost is around 5 to 10 k.
 It has no environmental effects.
 No expert staff required for operating plant.
We will select Vermicomposting process for organic waste management
on the basis of decision matrix.
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15. Bibliography
 (Organic fertilizer)
DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4.37.24096
 (Vermicomposting)
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/hg-45.pdf
 (environment)
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajest/article/view/88669/78261
 (Biogas)
Nair et al., 2021. Solid Waste and Management. Biotica Research
Today 3(5): 357-359
 (Cost)
https://www.agrifarming.in/vermicompost-production-cost-income-project-
report)
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