Tajikistan

Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan
Tajikistan (officially the Republic of Tajikistan) is a mountainous landlocked country in Central
Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and
People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan's Chitral and the
Gilgit–Baltistan region, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.
Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Persian–speaking Tajik ethnic group, who share
language, culture and history with Afghanistan and Iran. Once part of the Samanid Empire,
Tajikistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, in the pre–Buddhist times (7th–6th century BCE), the parts of modern Tajikistan including
territories as far as Zeravshan valley in Sogdiana formed parts of ancient Kamboja and the Parama
Kamboja kingdoms when it was ruled by the Kambojas till it became part of Persian Achaemenid
Empire. After the Persian
Empire was defeated by Alexander the Great, the region became the northern part of Hellenistic
Greco–Bactrian Kingdom. From the last quarter of 4th century BCE until the first quarter of the 2nd
century BCE, it was part of the Bactrian Empire, from whom it was passed on to Scythian Tukharas
and hence became part of Tukharistan. Contact with the Chinese Han Dynasty was made in the 2nd
century BCE, when envoys were sent to the area of Bactria to explore regions west of China.
Arabs brought Islam in the 7th century CE[citation needed], more or less forcing the people to
convert. The Samanid Empire supplanted the Arabs and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and
Bukhara, which became the cultural centers of Tajiks (both of which are now in Uzbekistan). The
Mongols would later take partial control of Central Asia, and later the land that today comprises
Tajikistan became a part of the Emirate of Bukhara. A small community of Jews, displaced from the
Middle East after the Babylonian captivity, migrated to the region and settled there after 600 BCE,
though the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods
Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods:
A case study of two distinct different automotive suppliers
Waldemar Pfoertsch[1] / Johannes Rid[2] / Christian Linder[3]
Abstract
This paper concerns ingredient branding; more specifically, ingredient branding for industrial goods.
Although research in ingredient branding has been quite intensive in the area of fast moving
consumer goods, considerably less research has been carried out for industrial goods. In this paper,
the authors provide insight into whether successful ingredient branding can be transferred to
industries where it has not been a common phenomenon: automotive suppliers.
Two major companies in the automotive industry are analyzed in this paper: Autoliv, a major player
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Can you ingredient brand where branding is not a common phenomenon?
The reason companies start to co–operate is due to technological and psychological changes of the
business environment. There are two reasons why this occurs (Uggla, 2000): First, technology and
new distribution patterns open up new possibilities for cooperation where brand extension and brand
alliances become more interesting from a strategic point of view. Second, consumers look for risk
reduction, and brand extension and brand alliances might be the right strategies to reduce consumer
risk. Strategies to meet the demands of a changing world are co–branding and ingredient branding.
There are some good examples of ingredient branding of durable goods on the market, such as
Shimano as a component supplier of cycles, and Intel in the computer industry. Intel, for instance,
"positioned itself to be the heart and soul of personal computers. The strategy was to create a brand,
and it worked – for PCs" (Karolefski, 2001). In other industries that produce industrial goods, like
the car industry, ingredient branding has not been a common strategy. The primary question that
guides us through this paper is: Is it possible for industrial goods industry like the automotive
industry to adopt an ingredient brand when ingredient branding is not a common phenomenon?
3. Analyzing with real world data
In this paper, real world data from two different companies were collected and

The Rise Of Chin Through The Realist Looking Glass
The Rise of China: Through the Realist Looking Glass
The 'rise of China' is lauded as the determinative issue for international relations this century with
China assuming a more powerful role in the international system. This essay considers the issue of
China's rise and its implications for international security from both an offensive and defensive
realist approach. I will show that neither realist approach can adequately explain China's rise and its
implications because it relies on realist optimism and does not account for the determinative effect
of the liberal world order. Offensive and defensive realism are strands of neo–realism, distinguished
from classical realism by its focus on the international system and structures. Anarchy is the scope
condition of realism under which states will pursue their own interests with the ultimate goal of
maintaining security.
In offensive realism states are "power–maximisers". Increases in power, relative to other states, will
correspondingly increase the state's security. States will pursue expansionist foreign policies, taking
advantage of opportunities to weaken others. The most secure position for a state is hegemony,
offensive realist scholars such as Mearsheimer and Lobell view the rise of China as progress
towards regional hegemony. Realism defines power in terms of three categories: military power,
economic power, and power over opinion (called 'soft power'). In the last 35 years, China has
developed its economic power

Environment: Energy Development and Environmental Problems
Criteria: CAUSE | Rich nations | Developing nations | Industries (MNCs, TNCs) | Cause |
Historically, rich nations are primary contributors to global warming due to past industrial
activity.Per capita consumption patterns are highest in the developed world. | Currently, some of the
developing nations who are the larger contributors to global warming.In the future, it is the current
rapidly developing nations that will be the primary contributors to global warming. | ––While it may
appear that some of the developing nations are greater contributors to carbon emissions today, much
of such emissions are from industrial activity from companies owned by rich nations. ––Physical
location is thus not as important as national ownership. | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Need not cut back on energy consumption) | Lack of willLack of cooperation | Based on current
trends in science and technology, Man is likely to invent more ingenuous ways of protecting the
environment while at the same time enjoying economic progress. | Man appears to have reached the
limits of his intellectual abilities. | Protecting the environment can also be economically viable as
evidenced by eco–tourism and jobs in the alternative energy market. | Man's Greed |
It is increasingly possible to protect the environment because of the use of alternative energy
resources, the increased pressure from governments to work together to seek solutions, the more
ingenuous ways of protecting the environment and the economically viable pursuits.
However, the overwhelming obstacles such as the heavy reliance on fossil fuels, lack of will and
cooperation, Man's Greed and the appearance that Man has reached his intellectual limits .......... Not
Possible | Obstacle | Many governments are unwilling to adopt alternative sources of energy due to
the high costs associated and the hassle that comes with changing existing infrastructures. People's
fears that such modern forms of technology may have ill effects. | Dependency of many countries on
fossil fuels that are highly polluting to fuel economic growthDependency of many countries on
exploiting natural resources to fuel

Roaring Dragon Hotel
Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Association for Chinese Economics Studies
Australia (ACESA)
Guanxi Neglect at the Roaring Dragon in South–west China:
The demise of an International Management Contract
Stephen Grainger1
University of Western Australia
'guanxi neglect – neglecting opportunities to show respect towards guanxi relationships'
Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of guanxi neglect through a case study that describes the takeover
of a formerly Chinese managed hotel by a western based, international hotel management company.
Specifically, it covers the cultural conflict that occurred for employees trying to adapt from the
former Chinese relationship
(guanxi) based planned methods of hotel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some recalled 'if your relatives or your friends knew that you were working in Roaring Dragon, you
would be admired', 'it was a good work unit – danwei', and 'you were lucky if you worked there'3.
The original Hotel was a four–storey, rectangular, grey structure built in 1960 in a dull
Russian style. By 1993, the provincial government had funded a new extension and the Hotel now
consisted of two parts: the old four–storey section joined by a modern sixteen–storey extension
perched on a hill behind the old Russian. There was a contrast in the standard of accommodation.
Room rates were cheaper in the old section and so it attracted Chinese visitors searching for quality
economy accommodation. Visiting government officials and higher–end customers on the other
hand felt more comfortable in the newer and naturally more expensive section. There were two
guarded entrances to the Hotel, one on each level. A series of stairways, elevators and a warren of
banquet rooms, hallways, storage areas, offices, cafeterias, and a laundry untidily connected the two
buildings.
Reflection on a 1993 Experience
The Roaring Dragon was a Chinese managed SOE until the opening of the new extension in 1993
when the provincial government decided to contract an international company to manage the Hotel
with the objective of improving the quality of customer service. KYZ Corporation was identified as
a suitable international management organisation and was

Higher Education Marketing Mix
CHAPTER 3
MARKETING'S ROLE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
3.1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 introduced some of the major changes and trends that have taken place in the higher
education environment both internationally and locally. Although higher education institutions can
be classified as non–profit organisations, the challenges discussed in Chapter 2 necessitate higher
education institutions to take on the organisation–like behaviour of profit organisations and to
become more marketingoriented. An understanding of the environment in which higher education
institutions operate, provides an essential background against which to understand and assess the
benefits of focusing on students as customers. If higher education institutions understand the ...
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According to Shoemaker (1999), marketing is the proactive management of the relationship between
a higher education institution and its various
– 74 –
markets by using the tools of marketing: service product, place, price, promotion, process, people
and physical evidence.
Marketing's greater contribution lies in its ability to facilitate the exchange process that takes place
between the non–profit organisation such as the higher education institution, and each of the
customer groups it addresses (Sargeant, 2005:295).
Marketing can provide a detailed understanding of the needs of such customers and ensure that the
institution addresses these needs in as efficient and comprehensive manner as possible. This
understanding of customers' needs can aid organisations in creating and sustaining a competitive
advantage. Lynch and Baines (2004:171) found that higher education institutions' sustainable
competitive advantages are usually based on superior knowledge, reputation, innovation or
architectural related advantages. However, marketing is not stagnant and over the years the
marketing activities of organisations have changed. Kolter (2003) and Strydom, Jooste and Cant
(2000:10) identify four stages that strongly influence the evolution of organisations' marketing
activities. These stages are referred to as production, sales, marketing and societal marketing. The
production

Dissertation
Key Words: FDI, Chinese retail banks, Chinese banks strategy, emerging countries, banking market
share, Revenue and Profits, impact.
Introduction
In contemporary social and with the world econo006Dy expand. It has produced a great number of
multinational banks, those banks in order to achieve more profit, they expand and develop to
emerging countries, which is called foreign direct investment (FDI). So, in this report, in order to
much better understand some information about FDI, especially FDI impact of foreign retail
banking investment in China on the commercial performance Chinese retail banks. Besides, by
using Chinese bank industry as a example. In this research, these can be broken down into four
broad categories: one is reasons ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those are, joint ventures, foreign strategic investment, foreign bank branch and wholly owned
foreign banks. Foreign banks branches grown up very rapidly, the first one was built in 1981 in
Shenzhen. Seventy four foreign banks from 22 different countries made 209 foreign bank branches
with sub branches of 79 in 25 Chinese cities at the end of 2006 (Xu, 2011).
Reasons for foreign retail banks to come to emerging countries such as China:
China acquired the third position across the world evolving largest banking market after USA and
Japan (Heijes, 2008). The Bank of America entered first time into Chinese market in 1981. Their
aim was to build a strong brand name in Chinese market. In 2003, China declared that its economic
growth rate had been at the highest level of 9.1% in the last seven years. Although some economist
predicted that this growth rate will come down in the second half of 2004 but it remained the same.
These economic growths along with eminent national saving rates and vast population of china
provided a golden opportunity to the foreign banks to invest in Chinese market. In late 2001, when
china agreed with WTO, it committed to evenly open the banking industry to foreign investment
banks over a period of five years. The approach was to make it fully liberal at the end of 2006. On
the other side, foreign banks were anxiously waiting to avail this great opportunity of obtaining
Chinese market access during

Analysing A Country's Gdp And Infrastructure
Besides analysing a country's GDP and infrastructure, understanding its people's literate level can be
also important. The reason is as simple as that you cannot illustrate a superiority of a product to an
illiterate person using a written advertisement. A marketer must adjust its campaign based on the
literate level of a country. According to the research conducted by Haeran Jae and Devon
DelVecchio from University of Kentucky, "given adequate involvement, high–literacy consumers
tend to choose a product based on central cues while low–literacy consumers tend to choose a
product based on peripheral cues." Therefore, it is an international marketer's job to determine what
kind of marketing campaign he or she prefers to implement in terms of literacy rate. If a country has
a low literacy rate, an informative campaign with more visual aid would be effective than a
campaign with more "required reading".
It is not hard to conclude that researching and understanding the result of an emerging market's
economic development is the most important factor for an international marketer to do and to
understand. While, designing a marketing campaign solely based on the economic development
research can also sometimes be misleading, because of the culture differences between countries. As
a matter of fact, the culture of a country a lot of times shapes the purchasing pattern of a country's
consumers. Thus, it is important for an international marketer to adjust their marketing plan to

The Russian Federation Of The Soviet Republic
"Russian Federation" redirects here. For the Soviet republic also referred to as the "Russian
Federation", see Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. For other uses of "Russia", see
Russia (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 60°N 90°E
Russian Federation
Российская Федерация
Rossiyskaya Federatsiya Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:
"Государственный гимн Российской Федерации"
"Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii" (transliteration)
"State Anthem of the Russian Federation"
MENU0:00
Russia (dark green) Crimean peninsula (disputed) (light green)a
Russia (dark green)
Crimean peninsula (disputed) (light green)a
Capital
and largest city Moscow
55°45′N 37°37′E
Official languages Russian
Recognised languages 35 other languages co–official in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Crimean Peninsula is recognized as territory of Ukraine by most of the international
community, but is de facto administered by Russia.[10]
Russia (Listeni/ˈrʌʃə/; Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as
the Russian Federation[11] (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐ
ˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia.[12] It is a federal semi–presidential
republic. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the
world, covering more than one–eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world 's

Critical Assessment of Marketing Communication Strategy
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is the second largest contributor to the Indonesian economy after oil and gas (Osman,
2009). Income from tourism totaled USD6.3 billion in 2009 with 6.5 million international arrivals
and is expected to increase to USD15 billion in 2010, providing direct employment to nearly 2
million people and 6.8 million people overall (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2010). Realizing
that tourism has larger impact on employment and promotes trade opportunities and development of
the country, the Government of Indonesia has increased the annual budget for tourism, allocating
USD229.3 million for 2011 (Citrinot, 2010) for both development and promotion of the industry.
With a total promotion budget of USD50 million, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HOME
3
Indonesian tourism currently does not compare well with its neighbours Malaysia, Thailand and
Singapore. Not only has Indonesia to compete based on almost similar offerings, it also has to
overcome the challenges of terrorism and natural disasters, twin challenges that has several
countries issuing travel warnings against travelling there. Further inter–connectivity within the
country is not fully developed. Target Markets and Segmentation As stated above, the Board has
targeted arrivals from 15 countries. It is unclear if these markets are further segmented. However,
based on the VITO websites located in those countries (where available in English), we noted that
there are attempts to focus on specific themes in the different markets. For example, the websites of
the Australian VITO are more focused on outdoor activities whilst the MiddleEast website was more
on culture and shopping. The remaining websites appear to be similar.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( Sco ) Covers More...
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian
landmass and represents one fourth of the world population. In that sense it is the biggest security
organisation in the world next to the UN (Oldberg 2007:13). The SCO is also the only international
security organisation where China is a member and the US is not. Central Asia is at the centre of the
organisation both in a geographical and political sense.
Central Asia is a place where the strategic interests of the world powers intersect. External factors
sustain political, military, and to a large extent economic stability in the region. Russia, the West,
and China act as the main outside stabilizers. World and regional powers actively defend their
military–political and economic interests in Central Asia (Baizakova 2013:59).
Under the impact of globalisation the need of cooperation in the realm of security has become all the
more important. If the Central Asian Countries prove incapable of conducting a coordinated policy
in relation to the outside world, they risk losing their strategic position that has been acquired in
recent years in international politics.
Security cooperation in the region takes place within the framework of certain multilateral
institutions, including through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The organisation has shown
flexibility and adaptiveness by its rapid growth, the creation of new institutions and broadening
agenda. It serves as a useful forum

Starbucks in China
Starbucks Corporation in China
Company overview
Starbucks Corporation is one of the most famous coffee retailers in the world. According to
Starbucks Corporation (2012), it runs over 55 countries in many regions including North America,
Asia Pacific, Latin America and so forth. Starbucks headquarter is located in Seattle, Washington,
USA. It has approximately 149,000 employees.
According to Starbucks Corporation (2012), its company verified the income of 11,700.4 million
dollars during the fiscal year of 2011, which is an increase 9.3% over the fiscal year of 2010. In
addition, the net profit of the firm was 1,245.7 million dollars in fiscal year of 2011, which rose
31.7% over the fiscal year of 2010. This Company is considered as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Starbucks has criteria to choose international partner including an associate company who share the
values and mutual culture, a companion with a plan appropriate with the firm, a local business
leader, a firm that has a strong track record developing new ventures, and so forth. It seeks to assure
that its local partner will share its value and commitment in order to bring the firm experience to
customers worldwide. For example, Starbucks Corporation has many alliances in order to enter to
China' s market including Mei da Coffee Co., Shanghai President Coffee Co., and Maxim's Caterers
Limited (Santamaria 2008).
As Forbes.com (2003) asserted that Starbucks Company has improved following the process of
international expansion including a selection of local partner who are local business leader.
Moreover, Starbucks try to adapt the business to traditional of each country (Harrison et al. 2005).
There are many reasons why Starbucks used joint venture instead of other modes. First reason is that
the government does not want foreign firms to own 100% of the business in China so it cannot use
the wholly owned subsidiaries as an entry mode for this country. Second, Starbucks has seen that if
it used franchise or license, the quality of the product may decrease, as the quality of both coffee and
employee is low. Last, joint venture is quite safe from the financial risk so Starbucks wisely choose
this entry mode for

Strategic Analysis Report: Nav-Star Consultants
Strategic Analysis Report
Nav–Star Consultants
Prepared for: Michael Lloyd (Tutor) Authors: Stephen Hill (7136196) Rohan Dwyer (6825079)
Natalie Fraser (8382719) Vivian Ng (7660162) Due: 25/05/2012 Word Count: 2385 Tutorial:
Thursday 1800–1900
Qantas Head Office 203 Coward Street Mascot NSW 2020 Ph: (02) 9691 3636 Fax: (02) 8222 4700
MGB309: Strategic Management
Semester 1, 2012
Contents
1 2 3 Preface
............................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive
Summary .......................................................................................................................... 3 Two
Potential Strategies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This combined strategy will address effective controls and policies, enabling cost reductions from
non value–adding activities and redirecting capital to value–adding functions, thus effectively
progressing Qantas' strategic objectives towards sustainable practices and growth.
3|Page Nav–Star Consultants
MGB309: Strategic Management
Semester 1, 2012
3
Two Potential Strategies
The strategic objectives for Qantas' future intent are to mitigate potential risks. This can be
achieved via either a global or functional level strategy. This report analyses the benefits and

limitations of these strategies and presents a realistic recommendation for long term strategic
sustainability.
3.1 Global Strategy
Global strategy plays a vital role in strengthening organisations such as Qantas (Hill & Jones, 2010).
Through the use of integration and global standardisation Qantas will be able to enhance its
operations and increase its aviation market share. These strategies will enhance Qantas' consumer
base, whilst improving customer service outcomes. The implementation of these strategies will
enable superior quality service delivery and improved performance against rivals in the aviation
industry.
3.1.1 Integration Strategy
In order to counter strong competition in international markets, increasing importance is placed on
Multinational Organisations such as Qantas to integrate its overseas operations. Global Integration
Strategy positions organisations

The Rationale For Country Of Choice
A. The rationale for country of choice
The purpose behind picking Russia is that Russia is one of the biggest nation on the globe and it has
a rich social character that has been framed and molded by it's apparent history and vast geography.
Russia is an unfathomable and diverse nation that following a very long while of socialism keeps on
growing politically and financially. With the global biggest asset of crude materials, oil and gas
earning intensively to support Russia's economically. Russia is one of the world's quickest
developing significant economies. Russia is a awesome force power and a lasting part of the United
Nations Security Council, a member of the G8, G 20, the council of Europe, the Asia–Pacific
Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade
Organisation (WTO), and is the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
B. Detailed Cultural of Host Analysis
Covering 17,075,200 square kilometers, Russia is liable to an assortment of atmospheres and boasts
a wide range of territory. Flanked by 14 nations, Russia has various ethnic populations that influence
regions culturally. Winning religions incorporate Russian Orthodox and Muslim, however Russia
likewise has what's coming to its of different religions and additionally secularism.
Russia is an extensive and to a great degree culturally diverse nation, with many ethnic groups, each
with their own particular types of folk music, languages and

Could the Second World War have been Avoided?
Although measures were set in place to avoid a second world war, many things caused it to be
inevitable. The Treaty of Versailles, the rise of Hitler, the rise of Japan as a world power, the rise of
fascism in Italy and the League of Nations were all factors which contributed to the cause of World
War II.
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers that
officially ended World War I. However, the conditions in the treaty were so harsh on Germany that
many believe the Treaty of Versailles was one of the main causes for the eventual rise of Nazis in
Germany and the eruption of World War II. Part of the treaty commonly known as the "War Guilt
Clause" forced the German nation to accept complete ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a power struggle in Germany after the 1932 election. Many of the political parties
thought they could use Hitler's popularity to their advantage. The power struggle ended in the
President asking Hitler to become Chancellor in January 1933. As chancellor, Hitler encouraged fear
of communism and imprisoned thousands of his political opponents. In February 1933 the Reichstag
building was set on fire and Hitler cleverly blamed the Communists, who were feared by many
Germans. By August 1934 Germany was a single–party state and Hitler was dictator. Hitler used his
power to reverse key decisions and limitations imposed by the treaty of Versailles.
Japan also played a big role in the outbreak of World War II. Japan suffered significantly in the
Great Depression, especially when China and the United States both placed trade barriers on
Japanese imports. During the 1930s, the military established almost complete control over the
government. Many political enemies were assassinated, and communists persecuted. Indoctrination
and censorship in education and media were further intensified. Navy and army officers soon
occupied most of the important offices, including the one of the prime minister. The military–
dominated government was determined to create an empire in Asia. In 1931 Japan followed the
example of Western nations and forced China into unequal economical

Critically Evaluate the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-Operation...
Critically evaluate the Asia–Pacific Economic Co–operation (APEC) forum's attempts to enhance
regional economic integration in the Asia–Pacific.
The Asia–Pacific Economic Co–operation (APEC) was created in 1989 as a regional discussion
forum for fostering "closer economic relations within the region through inter–governmental
consultations and other non–binding mechanisms." (Dent, 2007:449). To a large extent the forum
echoed "many decades of proceeding ideas and initiatives on Pacific regional community–building."
(Dent, 2008:120). One factor in APEC's formation arose from the situation at the end of the Cold
War whereby there was a growing market–driven economic interdependence which "created fresh
opportunities for regionalism." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The view of Western governments, voiced by Fred Bergsten , saw this non–discriminatory free trade
principle as being undesirable as it did not enable APEC any leverage in global trade negotiations,
opting instead for more definitive commitments. Whereas East Asian governments advocated in
favour of a less radical approach, one that had more flexibility "both in terms of what was implied
by trade and investment liberalisation and the means by which it was to be realised." (Dent,
2008:126).
Given this widely divergent starting point of APEC economies it was subsequently agreed at the
Osaka APEC summit in 1995 that a new modus operandi of 'concerted unilateralism' would be
adopted. The Bogor targets of free trade by 2010/20 instead would be accomplished through
"transparent iterations of nationally–based Individual Action Plans (IAPs)". This new scheme
ultimately relied on "moral persuasion rather than binding contractual obligation" and furthermore
"there was very little pressure upon APEC member states to make substantive progress with their
IAP schemes" (Dent, 2007:450) which subsequently resulted in a "massively underwhelming"
commitment amounting to little more than an "oxymoronic commitment to work together by
working

Monsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering
441 441 CASE STUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an
effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of
Cochlear™ – an Australian C A S E O N E high–technology leader Delta Faucet: Global
entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance
dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in
Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor
in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E
N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C
A S ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Porter argues that there is a key force in any industry, one that exerts more influence than the other
forces. Now, is it an attractive industry? You need to explain, briefly, why or why not. Bear in mind
that it is often not a clear decision because the forces are mixed – for example, there may be little
concern about new entrants, suppliers or substitutes, but buyers may be fickle
14_Hanson_3ed_SB_3869_TXT.indd 442 8/29/07 1:09:34 PM 443 I N T R O D U C T I O N : A
S U M M A RY O F TH E C ASE AN ALY SIS P R O C E SS and rivalry high. In such cases, the
key force analysis is very important. Remember: It is the industry you analyse, not the firm. Costly
to NonRare? Valuable? imitate? substitutable Logistics management in cochlear technologies
Research knowledge and skill in cochlearrelated areas Etc. STEP 4 COMPETITIVE
ENVIRONMENT Is there a strategic group that you need to take account of ? What is the rivalry
like in this group? What capabilities do the relevant firms have? What strategies do they follow?
What threats do they represent? Yes Yes No No STEP 5 YOU ABOUT NOW H AV E M AT E R I A
L T H R E AT S Yes Yes Yes Yes OPPORTUNITIES AND It is easy to pull this together from the
four steps you have now completed. I N T E R N A L A N A LY S I S STEP 6 THE TA N G I B L E

The History of Heineken
The history of Heineken
The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a
brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken
family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is
thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world's
leading brewing groups. Today Charlene de CarvalhoHeineken is delegate member of the Board of
directors of Heineken Holding N.V. 1864 22–year–old businessman Gerard Adriaan Heineken
purchases the "The Haystack" brewery, the largest in the region. He demands and receives full
control of shares, realising that sweeping and rapid changes are ... Show more content on
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1894 The end of an epoch: despite master brewer Feltmann's hopes for his own son to take the
position, J.D.A. Petersen becomes the new director. He later marries Gerard's widow Mary Tindal,
becoming stepfather of the eight–year–old Henry Pierre Heineken. 1899 The barrel–makers submit a
request for a wage increase, marking the beginning of a long process of workers' rights negotiations.
As the business consolidates its hold on markets, employers come under increasing pressure from
workers demanding explicit agreements and better treatment. Petersen resists pressure from old–
style managers and strives for dialogue, which ultimately results in the first collective labour
agreements.
2 / 11
1900 Heineken beer is honoured with a special Jury Prize in Paris. Sales of beer brewed under
Heineken's auspices increase to 200,000 hectolitres. 1901 The year sees the first major strike and
call for a boycott by workers. Negotiations result in a rise in the minimum wage and pay for
overtime. 1904 A day of rest on Sunday is introduced. 1909 The first collective bargaining
agreements are established. In Rotterdam, this means a 54hour week and four days off a year. As a
compromise, workers no longer receive four free litres of beer a week. Henry Heineken comes of
age and takes over the helm. He and his team represent a new generation of leaders. With both
academic credentials and practical experience, they pioneer a new management style: socially aware
and outward looking. 1912

Avon in China
Avon Products, Inc. (Avon), the US cosmetics giant, had considered China the keystone of its
marketing effort in Asia. Years of effort and the development of a large direct marketing
organisation in that country had made operations in China its most profitable and most rapidly
growing market in Asia. On 21 April 1998 senior company officials from the New York
headquarters and throughout Asia had gathe red in Guangzhou for what was supposed to be a festive
occasion. During the meeting William Pryor, Avon 's head of China operations, was called away
from his table to take a phone call When he returned, it was with devastating news. The Chinese
government had just announced an immediate ban on all direct selling. In 113 years, Avon had used
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Bio Advance was the first product to use stabilized ' retinol, a form of vitamin A, and Collagen
Booster facilitated the use of vitamin C. In the late 1990s.the––, company obtained US Food and
Drug Administration approval of the use of Parsol 1789 to fight damage caused by UVA rays. It
used this material in a new Age,? Block Daytime Defense Cream. The company has 19 laboratories
worldwide that develop products and. packaging. In addition to its own research staff and
independent experts, Avon uses focus groups in evaluating potential new products, and has
companyemPloyees use the ProductsIn 1996 Avon spent LIS$30 million on an advertis: ing
campaign, which focused on the Avon Lady, the,
core of the company 's success, and a new product stage– Avon is now projected as having a
contemporary product with a consistent, high–quality image in all markets. Its advertising program
uses celebrities, such as fashion designer Josie Natoli and Olympic athlete Jackie. Joyner–Kersee.
Avon moved away from mature, matronly appearance to updated, sophisticated, and glamorous
images. The result is a more vibrant beauty image, similar to other US brand names such as Revlon,
Mabelline, and Cover Girl. Also under this campaign, Avon advertised on television for the first
time in 20 years, and began direct selling on the Internet in April 1997. Its website now attracts
300,000 visitors per month.

Essay on Strategic Planning
Introduction There are a variety of strategic planning models, including goals–based, issues–based,
organic, scenario. * Goals–based planning is perhaps the most common as it starts with a focus on
the organization's mission (and vision and/or values), goals to work toward the mission, strategies to
achieve the goals, and action planning. * Issues–based strategic planning often starts by examining
issues facing the organization, strategies to address those issues, and action plans. * Organic
strategic planning begins with the organization's vision and values and then action plans to achieve
the vision with adhering to the values. Major differences in how organizations carry out the various
steps and associated activities in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bon Secours reconsidered the acquisition in light of its mission statement that emphasized a caring
environment for its customers and employees. The nursing homes deal would have violated the
mission statement so the deal was rejected. (Source: Tom Krattenmaker, "Write a Mission Statement
that Your Company is Willing to Live," Harvard Management Update, March 2002.) Typically, for a
NPO what is also important is that who writes the mission statement. Considering only senior
management or executives could be one answer, but I believe that since a NPO does most of its
operational work largely through volunteers and less through employees, it becomes important to
have representation of this constituency as well. The closer the mission statement is to what these
volunteers considers is important for their end customers, the more likely is the high quality of the
output and easier to continue recruiting volunteers. However, since many of the large NPO that we
know and will discuss in this paper have been existing for decades, it also makes sense to evaluate
mission statements in the context of emerging needs of the customers every 20–30 years. This
doesn't imply major shifts in the mission statement, but indicates adding newer dimensions/nuances
to the same by evaluating: * Is the mission up to date? Does it reflect what the

Philips vs Haier: Comparative Case Studies
PHLIPS AND HAIER: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES Strategic Management II Lu Lu
(6500354) Handed ON: 11th May, 2009 Word Counted (Excluding charts, references): 2989
PHLIPS AND HAIER: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT
.......................................................................................................... 02 INTRODUCTION
..................................................................................................... 02 LITERATURE REVIEW
...................................................................................... 03 CASE STUDIES: PHILIPS Background
.................................................................................................... 05 SWOT ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The paper will be divided into four sections: section one will briefly review the theories of FDI;
section two will discuss the cases of both firms' strategic changes; section three will discuss the
dynamics of strategies in both firms to demonstrate their utilisation in obtain and sustain competitive
advantages; in last section, managerial implications will be presented. LITERATURE REVIEW:
FDI THEORY A number of literatures have been developed to analyse the motivations behind
MNEs to invest abroad, as summarised in Table 1. Table 1: Early theoretical framework for FDI
Theory Main arguments  Ownership Advantage Theory (Stephen Hymer, 1960)     1)
Product Life Cycle Theory (Vernon, 1966) 2) 3) Criticisms Firms which invest abroad must have
some specific ownership advantages outweigh the disadvantages in offshore markets. Ownership
advantages include: access to raw materials; economies of scale; intangible assets such as brands,
patents, management, etc. Disadvantages include: unfamiliar with offshore market; cost of searching
information, negotiation and learning, etc. Technological advantages of firm lead to competitive
advantages, and thus give it an edge in exports.

Essay about China’s Water Supply Problems And The Solutions
People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water
from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to
worry about water shortage. In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of
population and fast development of industries, water is more needed than before. At the same time, a
large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing
the problem of water shortage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been
restrained.
China says water supplies exploited by 2030 written by Chris Bukley reports:
China will have exploited all available water supplies to the ... Show more content on
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Nevertheless, much remains to be achieved. A staggering 300 million Chinese still do not have
access to an improved source of water supply, and about 750 million do not have access to improved
sanitation. Progress in rural areas appears to lag behind what has been achieved in urban areas.
There are also operational problems. For example, many wastewater treatment plants do not operate
properly, thus limiting the positive impact of the major investments made on the environment.
Water supply and sanitation in the People's Republic of China
From MedBib.com – Medicine & Nature
People's Republic of China: Water and Sanitation Data
Water coverage (broad definition) 77%
Sanitation coverage (broad definition) 44%
Continuity of supply (%) Generally continuous, but seasonal shortages in some areas [1]
Average urban water use (liter/capita/day) 204 (2005) [2]
Average urban water and sewer bill for 20m3 US$ 3.5/month for water only [3]
Share of household metering 90% [4]
Share of collected wastewater treated 52%
Annual investment in WSS about US$ 10 / capita (2006) in urban areas [5].
Share of self–financing by utilities close to zero
Share of tax–financing about 35% (from city budgets)
Share of internal debt financing 55–60%
Share of foreign financing 5–10%
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalities Full
National water and sanitation company No

Water and sanitation regulator No
Responsibility for policy setting

Service Innovation in Hospitality Industry
Business and Economics
Hong Xing
Service Innovation in Hotel Industry
Case Study of InfoQuest
Service Science E–level thesis
Date/Term: Supervisor: Lars Haglund Erik Sundströ m Examiner: Serial Number:
Karlstads universitet 651 88 Karlstad Tfn 054–700 10 00 Fax 054–700 14 60 Information@kau.se
www.kau.se
Abstract of dissertation
Being developed for centuries, Hotel Industry has been in its maturity period for a long time.
Confronted with fierce competition and the current global economic crisis, it becomes a hot topic in
Hotel Industry how to maintain and raise revenues. By shifting focus from „Goods–Dominant
Logic‟ to „Service–Dominant Logic‟, Service Science presents a new perspective on value creation
and service experience. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
....................14 3.2.2 Commercial principles....................................................................................18
Chapter4 Service innovation in hotel industry...................................................................20 4.1 Roles
redefinition.....................................................................................................20 4.2 Value co–
creation.....................................................................................................22 4.3 Competitive
advantages .........................................................................................26 4.4 Potential
problems...................................................................................................31 Chapter5 Market
opportunity analysis in China.................................................................37 5.1 China market
introduction........................................................................................37 5.2 Typical local
businesses..........................................................................................43 5.3
Opportunities...........................................................................................................45 5.4 Difficulties
and risks.................................................................................................49 Chapter6
Conclusion............................................................................................................52

A Brief Note On The Global Price Of Petroleum Exporting...
1. Use the AS/AD framework to show the separate effects on GDP, inflation and public sector
borrowing on any single national economy ( unnamed) of: a. a rise in the global price of oil Figure
1.1 Oil Supply, demand and price Source: euanmearns.com Figure1.2 SRAS shifts as a result of a
negative cost shock Source: http://www.harpercollege.edu/ Higher oil price would make products
price go up and moves AS curve from AS to AS1, therefore, the rise in the global price of oil will
decline GDP and boost public borrowing as well. Although oil business is a good example of
international cartel of oligopoly, a permanent organisation like Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC) owns the power to negotiate oil price and productivity which should be
able to control oil price efficiently; however, according to the diagram below, different political
events or war could alter the equilibrium of AS/ AD curves easily within a short period. Figure 1.3
Oils Ups and Downs Source: Bloomberg Figure 1.4 U.S. GDP and WTI Oil Price Source: U.S. GDP
and WTI Oil Price. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, The World Bank, EIA and Labyrinth
Consulting Services, Inc. Take United States as an example, GDP trend line goes up regardless of oil
price variation. Figure 1.5 U.S. Debt and U.S. domestic oil supply

Analysis Of Micro And Macro Business Environment
Analysis of Micro and Macro Business Environment & Market Structure
Submitted by
Haleema Sadia
Student ID Number: 9740
ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS
Post Graduate Strategic Diploma (Level 7)
Submitted to:
Finance and Technology Institute of London
2015
Activity one:
1.1Explain the importance of the micro–economic environment to business organisations:
Microeconomics looks at how individual players in the economy, such as households and firms,
interact. It focuses on the impact that their economic choices have on the allocation of scarce
resources to meet unlimited demand. These interactions match what one party wants or demands in
economic term and what the other gives in exchange (supply). Each time someone buys a chocolate
bar from a newsagent or undertakes the morning paper round, there's an interaction between supply
and demand (ESRC).
(P) Demand curve Equilibrium point of D&S Supply curve
(Q)
Fig1.1: equilibrium of consumer demand curve and firm's supply The Above picture clearly
illustrate that where the Demand and supply curves intersect, that is called equilibrium point of
demand and supply where consumer demand is equal to supply from firms or production sector and
Q shows quantity and P shows price.
The collective way of all the decisions on demand and supply, use of resources and opportunity
costs made by millions of people or firms sets the price for goods, services, assets and labour
demand and supply therefore form the main principle

Risk of Doing Business in China
Risks in Doing Business in China E &Y China Key Points For multinational companies, China's
market has started to come of age. Despite the opportunities along with China's WTO entry and
opening up, doing business in China remains very challenging at the operational level for MNCs.
Regulatory Risks Managing the regulatory environment remains a real issue for foreign firms
operating in China. They have to learn how to deal with red tape, "guanxi (relationship)" and make
breakthrough in the thicket of regulations and restrictions. Entry Modes Different entry modes bring
different risks and returns. Foreign enterprises should weigh and balance those risk factors. Mergers
and Acquisitions With ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These issues affect all companies, but present the most serious challenge to small foreign firms that
are new to China and lack international and country–specific experience. Larger firms are coming
up with strategies to address these issues, if not resolve them. Regulatory Risks – Overview During
the last few years much of the economy has been deregulated, a process that was well under way
before December 2001, the date of China's accession to the WTO. During the 1990s almost all of the
former industrial ministries and state commissions were abolished, cutting the number of institutions
and officials at the centre looking to be involved in business affairs. Some old school planning
apparatchiks have no doubt survived but there are fewer options for them to slake their thirst for
control. Many state–owned enterprises have been sold off and a large proportion of those that
remain have lost market share to private domestic firms and foreign–invested enterprises (FIEs).
China's thicket of regulations has been cut back and the rules that remain have gradually become
more institutionalized. The picture that characterized much of the 1980s and 1990s–everyone from
multinational managers to Chinese officials groping their way forward, often making things up as
they went along–is no longer representative of the business environment. Foreign firms in different
sectors have greater understanding of the

The Rise Of The People 's Republic Of China
The rise of the People's Republic of China (China) in today's world has evolved into a new reality.
In this essay, it will be noted that although China is increasing its prominence in international
politics, China will not be a dominant global actor in the near future. In this evaluation, the phrase
"dominant global actor" will be defined, and the parameters for "near future" will be set to the next
two decades from now. This essay will then outline examples on how China has increased its
presence to affirm its increasing prominence in international politics before considering the many
arguments that will show why China will not be a dominant global actor in the near future. A
dominant global actor is defined as a state with a leading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This supports the concept that the US is an example of a dominant global actor that has
competencies to exercise their influence and power internationally. Throughout the essay, China's
material and ideational powers will be compared to the US's material and ideational powers to prove
that although China is increasingly prominent in international politics, it will not be a dominant
global actor like the US in the near future.
China has been swiftly revolutionizing its military strength and have racked in persistent growths in
defence expenditures. In 2014, a defence budget of USD132 billion was proposed (Perlo–Freeman
2014). This was a staggering increase of 12.2% from the 2013 defence budget of USD117.65 billion
(Perlo–Freeman 2014). Furthermore, Chipman (2013) proclaimed the Chinese's People's Liberation
Army (PLA) to constitute the biggest military in the world. Chipman (2013) also enforced that
China's defence budgets is larger than that defence budgets of Taiwan, South Korea and Japan
jointly, and that its budgets may exceed the US' defence budgets in 2025. Moreover, China has
intensified their participation in the United Nations' (UN) peacekeeping operations and has troops
stationed in Haiti, Liberia, and Sudan (Gill 2009). These statistics of the PLA's size, military
spending and their active involvement with UN's

Evaluation of Autocar Chinese Industry
Running Head: EVALUATION OF AUTO–CAR CHINESE INDUSTRY
Evaluation of Auto–car Chinese Industry
Introduction
Fiat is an international group of company specializing in designing and manufacturing of auto–cars.
The company sells auto–cars for the mass markets, which include Fiat, Lancia, Alfa Romeo, Abarth
as well as luxury cars such as Ferrari and Meserati brands. To enhance global competitive market
advantages, the group has expanded its brand and reaching the alliance with Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep,
SRT and Ram brand vehicles. Fiat group also operates within the components system of Teksid and
Magneti Marelli. Following the acquisition of majority of the shares of Chrysler, Fiat has
accelerated its objective by creating global competitive advantages. In 2011, the group sold more
than 4 million vehicles making the company to be ranked as the 7th largest automobile company
globally. With alliance of Fiat and Chrysler, the group has possessed the latest innovative and
technologies to design and manufacture cars that could command competitive market advantages.
At the end of the 2011 fiscal year, Fiat declared the total revenue of $73.8 billion and $2 billion net
profits. With the aim to expand the market share globally, the company decides to launch its Fiat
brand into the Chinese market since China is now a major player in the international economy.
The objective of this paper is to provide industrial evaluation under which Fiat Company will be
operating in China.
Industry

Ikea at a Glance
The Never Ending Job
Sustainability Report
09
IKEAAT * A GLANCE
* fINANCIAL yEAR 2009 (1 September 2008 to 31 August 2009)
SALES PER REGION
THE IKEA GROUP opened 15 new stores last year and in August 2009 had 267 stores, which
welcomed a total of 590 million visitors during the year. A further 34 stores are owned and run by
franchisees outside the IKEA Group. For an up–to–date list of all IKEA Group stores, please visit:
www.ikea.com
■ Asia and Australia 5% ■ North America 15% ■ Europe 80%
PURCHASING PER REGION
■ North America 3% ■ Asia 30% ■ Europe 67%
IKEA GROUP STORES
Russia
12
Europe North America
TOP 5 SALES COUNTRIES Germany USA France UK Italy ... AND TOP 5 PURCHASING
COUNTRIES China Poland ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And by offering the right products at the right prices we will help our customers live a more
sustainable life at home. IKEA has an important role to play in terms of taking responsibility for
people and the environment. This is why sustainability is one of four cornerstones in the new Group
strategy "Growing IKEA – together". We have a strong foundation to build on – it is in our culture to
twist and turn established truths to find a new angle, a new idea, and to have the courage to try to do

things differently. IKEA is obsessed with making more from less, and we hate to waste resources of
any kind. This will continue to be our compass in years to come, and we will stimulate new thinking
and innovation in our sustainability work. Innovation is needed to build sustainable solutions into
the IKEA range and to tackle some of the global challenges society faces. We need to identify and
use more resource efficient materials and develop better solutions for reusing and recycling IKEA
products once our customers no longer want them. I believe IKEA together with our customers, co–
workers, suppliers and the rest of society can make a big difference. The 50 million low–energy
bulbs purchased at IKEA in the past three years represent energy savings equivalent to the output of
four and a half nuclear plants, and substantial reductions of carbon dioxide emissions. This gives
just a hint of the potential that lies in the word "together"!

Qualities of a Successful International Manager in China
Yen–Ting Wu (Kris) Student number: 08838032 Email: kris_tim@hotmail.com
MSc Management
MNM45
QUALITIES OF A SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL MANAGER IN CHINA |
Due: 20/Apr/2010 Tutor: Vicky Richards Number of page: 17 Word count: 3642
Content IntroductionP.3
The challenges facing international managers in China
What is cross–cultureP.4
The important emerging market – ChinaP.5 The cultural differences between China and Western
(USA)P.6
The Ways to be successful international manager in China
Level 1: Professional QualitiesP.9
Level 2: Personal Global Qualities P.11 LEVEL 3: CHINA–SPECIFIC ... Show more content on
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Further research by Michael Bond (1989) identified a fifth "Eastern" dimension called long–
term/short–term orientation.
The diagram will explain the culturally–based values systems:
* Individualism / Collectivism: Relative importance of the interests of the individual vs. the interest
of the group. | * Power Distance: the appropriateness of power / authority within organizations. | *
Uncertainty Avoidance: an emotional response to uncertainty and change. | * Masculinity /
Femininity: what motivates people to achieve different goals. | * Long–term Orientation: the extent
to which members of a culture adopt a long–term or a short–term outlook on work and life. |
(Bond, M. & Hofstede, G. 1989)
In all cross cultural value studies, individualism and collectivism as well as power distance have
been identified as dimensions along which cultures differ. To clarify the differences between China
and the Western, the following part will refer to Hofstede 's four cultural dimensions and Bond 's

fifth dimension.
* The important emerging market – China
Although the globalization of the world economy has created tremendous opportunities for global
collaboration among different countries,

Globalisation in Russia
Globalisation in Russia : the challenge of the transition to the world economy
Fifteen years ago, the Soviet Union was a socialist authoritative country, tightly isolated from
capitalist countries. Nowadays, its direct heir, Russia, is one of the most quickly growing markets of
the world, strongly open on the global economy.
During the 1990s, Russia underwent an extraordinary transformation from a communist dictatorship
to a multi–party democracy, from a centrally planned system to a market economy, and from a
belligerent enemy of the West to a cooperative partner. This change was as unexpected as
exceptional: two decades ago, only an idealist would have imagined the "evil empire" to transform
so quickly and peacefully into a democratic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term of "transition" reveals by itself the prevailing frame of mind at the beginning of the 1990
decade. The concept of transition intends the passing from a situation –a singular balance– to
another. It is an intermediate situation, a transitory state. There would be thus "one" market
economy, only one model which it would be possible to reach quickly.
The Russian experiment of the 90ies shows that while wanting to go from a point A (Soviet
economy) to a point B (an idealized market economy), Russia reached another balance, a point C (a
degraded market economy). For all these reasons it is preferable to speak about a process of
transformation rather than about transition.
It seems important, at this stage, to take an interest in the concept of market economy. The market is
a central concept in economy, but its definition is seldom explicit. It is at the same time a physical
place where are carried out the exchanges, a whole of outlets related to a product and the abstract
place of the meeting between supply and demand. For certain authors like Ludwig von Meises, the
market economy corresponds to capitalism and can be thus defined as the exact opposite of socialist
economies.
Actually, the economies of the Soviet block had, to differing degrees, market components. As a
result, it seems more judicious to define the market economy as "an economy whose activity is
organized

Applied Strategic Management a Strategic Analysis of Canon
Applied Strategic Management A Strategic Analysis of Canon word count : Executive Summary
Canon has around 77 years of history and it is full of ups and downs, highs and lows, for which it is
what we would expect in such a high innovative company. Over the years, Canon has been
introducing various types of products over the years and gradually became the leader in imaging
markets. When people think of buying a camera, first brand pops out in their head is "CANON".
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Look at the Business of Canon 3. Environmental factors
1. PESTEL Analysis 2. Porter's five forces Analysis 4. Major ... Show more content on
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Up to second half year of 2009, Canon has reduced the use of new resources by 150,000 tons and
CO2 emission by 370,000 tons. Likewise, CHK from 2008 has established Ink Cartridge Collection
boxes placed in voluntary schools, shopping malls, computer centres and commercial buildings. All
used cartridges collected will be delivered to factory for decomposition and recycling as materials of
other products. This report is focusing on the strategies adopted by Canon and the strategies when
Canon is facing competitions. This report shows that how Canon survives in the market and keeps
its long lasting growth in market and profit. (about Canon, www.canon.com, www.canon.com.cn,
www.canon.com.hk) 2. Looking at the Business of Canon Take a look at Canon, its strategies over
the years have been very effective in balancing growth of market share and profit in the imaging
industry which made Canon a leader in the imaging industry group. Other than the imaging industry,
Canon also took a piece of pie in business machines (printer, photocopier) markets and industry
machines (semiconductor production equipment, medical equipments...etc) markets (see Picture
2.1). Canon has since late 1960s been focusing on strategic planning process, gradually expanded its
business into business machines market and adopting a corporate level strategy of horizontal
diversification based on its core competencies. Such continuous development and adoption of
various strategies keeps

Ups-Hp Case Study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 2 Executive summary
Page 3 Introduction
Page 4 Main supply chain issues within the Hewlett Packard–UPS case study
Page 6 Strategies for the future
Page 8 Conclusion
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The concept of supply chain is tightly linked to the concept of collaboration. A supply chain by
nature involves the interaction of two or more firms, sharing resources, risks and capabilities and
jointly working to achieve higher business performance. Therefore, companies involved in a supply
chain structure must ensure collaboration among their partners by applying the following
interventions :
– Appropriate performance measures: provides information regarding the results of the system
efforts to supply chain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The logistics in this context is not a minor aspect; HP needs to rely on a logistics supplier that will
be able to provide a varied range of transportation alternatives that can be adapted to HP 's
requirements, to provide complete visibility through high performance information systems and to
deal with changing international complexities. HP found in UPS the desired capabilities to act as a
partner supplier and since then they have developed a relationship based on trust and collaboration,
high performance and cooperation. UPS handles all of HP 's logistic needs from transportation to
warehousing and documentation requirements; for the variety of products the company handles from
small consumer devices to large installations; and all across the world from a small local package
delivery to warehousing assistance in Shanghai.
3 MAIN SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES WITHIN THE HEWLETT PACKARD–UPS CASE STUDY
3.1 Characteristics of the context: global and changing
Being one of the biggest technological companies in the world, HP 's products are by nature
innovative products, which usually have short life cycles and require the introduction of a steady
stream of newer innovations to keep imitators at bay. Their market is uncertain and suppliers in this
context must be chosen for their speed and flexibility, not for

Act Utilitarianism and Kantian ethical theories in...
IntroductionBusinesses in today's world raise many ethical issues and it is important to understand
which actions are right and which ones are wrong. In this report the focus will be placed on an
article about models working in the fashion industry. It explains how models are being mistreated
and exploited in many ways which include sexual harassment, lack of rights, overworking and
having to face dangerous situations such as taking drugs which include cocaine in order to stay thin.
The article also mentions that models enter the industry as young as 13 years of age and definitely
need protection from this exploitation.
The industry has acted though the commonplace laws do not apply to them, many of the models do
not complain about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All those affected by this pain will have lasting consequences.
This issue shows that happiness seems to be of the trivial kind, the benefits to a few already wealthy
individuals do not justify the harm caused to models. The amount of pain it brings to those affected
clearly outweighs happiness. But another condition to this theory is that an action is morally right if
there are no alternative actions that would produce better consequences for those affected (Frankena,
1963). Currently "many models are pressured into having sex with clients" (Campbell, 2007) if
modeling agencies set regulations, for example not pressuring models to sleep with clients but
finding out which models are willing to do so with their own consent, making the work environment
safe for models, not ignoring their concerns, daily meetings with models for general checkup, thus
these actions will have better consequences as there will be more happiness and less pain. Therefore,
in regards to Act Utilitarian theory the exploitation of models is not morally acceptable.
Kant's theory is different to utilitarians. It is based on a deontological approach, a non–
consequentialist approach to ethics. The key aspect in this is goodwill, which is the ability to act out
of duty and principle (Seedhouse, 2001). Morality in this theory is absolute, the actions of right or
wrong is independent from consequences. The categorical imperative is the foundation in this
theory, it determines if the action is

Shanghai Urban Case Study : Urban Problems
Shanghai Urban Case Study
Urban Problems:
– The Shanghai Municipal has predicted that by 2050 the population of the city of Shanghai will
have a population of over 50 million.
– Scholars in Shanghai have predicted that Shanghai can only support and hold a population of 16
million efficiently.
–Shanghai has problems concerning the lack of infrastructure, strain on housing, public transport,
traffic congestion, and pollution
Rural to Urban Migration and immigration
– Shanghai is a highly globalised and developing city and Chinas hub and model city.
– 58 multinational companies and over 30 banks are headquartered in Shanghai.
– With so many multinational corporations Shanghai provides many business opportunities and
ways to make money.
– High minimum wage of 8000 rmb a month attracts many people to migrate to Shanghai
–the richest 10% of the population earn 9.6 times the income of the poorest 10%.
–173000 expats that have immigrated to Shanghai and are paid more than 40000 rmb a month. This
value is rising by 8% annually.
– Due to migration and immigration and urbanization shanghai will have an expected population of
50 million people by 2050 –Shanghai has a mass amount of urban migration from people who live
in rural China and come to Shanghai to find work. This rapid currently in Shanghai there are 24% of
the population made up of migrants which is nearly 6 million out of the 24 million. –The number of
migrant causes the segregation of class and area as higher class

Building A Structure And Architecture Of International...
organisation. As stated at the Moscow Summit in 2003, the SCO's view is that today it is more
important than ever to pool the efforts of the international community in a search for ways of jointly
building a structure and architecture of international security for that 21st century that would be
acceptable to all nations.
Mention the member countries and other nations with different statuses.
Organising the SCO: structure and working
Today the organisation is a permanent and fully intergovernmental entity in international law. It has
established decision–making organs that are active on a daily basis; the higher level bodies however,
still meet annually. Depending on the issue, there are also Councils consisting of different Ministers,
members of the judiciary or enforcement agency leaders. The Declaration on the creation of the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in 2001 is the document which establishes its existence on a
legal basis and states the purposes the organisation was created for.
Amongst the numerous goals of multidisciplinary cooperation, Article 1 of the Charter mentions the
following: "to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the international
obligations of the member States and their national legislation; to maintain and develop relations
with other States and international organizations". Moreover Article 2 containing the Principles
declares the "SCO [is] not directed against other States and international organizations". It

The Dispute Over The South China Sea Essay
The dispute over the South China Sea denotes the process of power rebalancing while China rising
as a hegemony in East Asia. China craves for more resources and power and decides to effectuate
that by controlling more maritime territory. This act impelled the United State to align with the
Philippines to balance with China. In a realism world, U.S. has adequate reason to intervene for fear
for China becoming too strong a power. Realism assumes that under a balance of power, the
overriding aim of all states is to maximize power and become the only hegemony in the system.
States only help themselves in the anarchic international system. Therefore, China's rise is regarded
as a disconcerting threat to the U.S.'s primacy of power in the present international stage. The power
shift in East Asia is creating security dilemmas; the U.S. thus demands more security to its Asian
allies including Philippines, Japan and South Korea. The rapidly–rising Chinese power would
inevitably challenge the current international balance of power and appear aggressively in the eyes
of weaker power such as the Philippines. Therefore it seeks help to its ally, the U.S., to
counterbalance the power of China. China intends to gain more resources and to transform current
international order to its favor according to its national interests. The 2010 Chinese White Paper on
National Defence states that: "Contradictions continue to surface between developed and developing
countries and between traditional

Marketing Strategy of Ford Motors
Chapter One: Introduction to Dissertation
1.1 Introduction
Marketing is a lot like religion and most people have a strong belief that this belief is typically
predicted on how they were raised rather than a formal study of religion belief. Marketing also has
its share of agnostics as well as atheists – "I don't believe Marketing exists". Regardless of how
marketing is viewed today, few questions are come up: Which can survive without the other? This is
a litmus test in many situations and all believe it is fair to say that any business cannot survive
without a proper marketing strategy. (Wardlaw, 2007)
As there is rapid, real changes are taking places throughout the world politically, economically,
socially and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also shows that how it can make a vital impact in the success of the organisation.
Marketing strategy and marketing are becoming more important elements to the business now than
ever before, due to dynamic environment throughout the globe. The changes taking place in the
political, social, economical and technological environment have a great impact on the businesses
and posing great challenges to the business to survive in the dynamic market place as the world is
transforming into the boundary less world. (Crittenden VL, Crittenden WF & Muzyrka DF,
2002)
This case study research, however, examines the position of the Ford Motors among the other
automobile companies in the world and how it marketing strategies can be altered to bring out the
real change in its marketing processes, making it more competitive in the market place. Among
other things, this research tries to strong shift to a more customer focussed organisation. It sees
future strategic changes to reflect changes in business environment.
This study was taken for the Ford Motors, in order to find how marketing operations are carried out
within the organisation. The recent changes in the environment due to recession, and government
regulations (low emission cars/ hybrid cars) prompted the researcher to find the impact of these
factors on marketing strategy of Ford Motors. As mentioned in the introductory part of this

International Logistics of Nova
Executive summary The ability how to manage inventory effectively depends critically on
uncertainty, supply lead times, and product life cycles. Long supply lead times and short product
lifecycles characterize fashion goods. Even in staple consumer goods, today 's environment is
characterized by explosion of variety. How the company manages its supply chain in such settings
influence business results and customer satisfaction. The assignment aims to answer to the questions
of the International Logistics case study: Logistics proposal is developed for the company called
Nova. The company imports jeans from China, Asia. Following elements are considered in the
proposal: packaging and labelling requirements, methods of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There is a clear manufacturing policy which describes that the production always follows market
requirements, in mix and in volume. The production and logistics processes has been designed in
order to allow sufficient flexibility in mix where human resource is steered in 2 ways: A yearly
flexibility agreement for permanent workers Adaptations when necessary with additional temporary
workers Chart 1: Supply Chain Characteristics Decoupling point, push and pull systems are
indicated on the flow, see Chart 2. Our manufacturing strategy is "make to stock", from on–stock
materials, and "deliver to order" (to the final customer). In order to

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