How Did Mughal Decline

How Did Mughal Decline
Mughal Decline, the debate that won't die among historians. It's one of the major topics of South
Asian History. There are about 500+ books on this subject matter. This subject has been quite
extensively discussed over the past century and why won't it be? There are several questions that
need to be answered. How the empire that ruled over two centuries with exceptional power and
wealth came to decline? How the empire that had brilliant military strategy and superior artillery of
Babur (1483–1530), which stimulated a new level of settled agriculture, military capability, and
geographic integration, can become so weak that it was controlled by sundry courtiers and later by
various rising warlords. How did the invaders like Nadir Shah of Persia and Ahmed Shah Abdali of
Afghanistan, repeatedly sacked Delhi (Mughal Capital)? How and why the British did take
dominance from the Mughal. The answers are complicated, there's isn't a single answer ... Show
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One of the reason could be as Mughal power began to falter, the East India Company found its
factories, especially in Surat, raided twice by Shivaji, increasingly vulnerable, and so turned to a
policy of armed defense which brought the company into conflict with Mughal authorities. Some
other engenders which gave rise to the Mughal decline are as follows: Athar Ali says that there was
a cultural failure among them, they find it difficult to accept the technology that was emerging by
Britain. Some argue about Aurangzeb's Deccan policy, Aurangzeb's determination to crush the
Marathas was also responsible for the decline of the Empire. By 1691, the Marathas (under the
Peshwas) had become strong enough to rise up in rebellion under Raja Ram and other Maratha
chiefs. They Consolidate heir position in western India, dreaming of a greater Maharashtra Empire.
The economic stability of the empire was ruined because of the constant
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The World Of World History
Glimpse of world history features a span of perspective of the world as it develops throughout time
to where it was presently at. Nehru while in prison tried to find a bound with his daughter. In order
to connect to the outside world and be close with his daughter he decided to share his vast
knowledge of the world through letters with his daughter. Nehru explores how time chases, how
civilizations grew and prosper, how different leaders shape the world in negative and positive view
points and in many other ways. Nehru wants his daughter and ultimately others reading his book to
have an open mind to the different perspective.
A theme that stood out to me is that man is greedy and only look out for their own well beings. I
agree with Nehru that people will always try to exploits each other weakness. People are so self–
centered that they forget that their decisions impact more than themselves. Whatever you do will
shape history as you know it. It is a main problem why we many say that the past generation was
better that the current generations. It is like as time goes on we get worst or going backwards instead
of improving ourselves.
Another point to add is when people are content with what they have and the current situation that
they are in they refuse to think beyond the circumstances they are in. I agree with a powerful
statement that Nehru made "Fresh waters run on, and if you stop it, it becomes stagnant. People go
with the mentality if it is not broken "why fix it

Mughal Empire Dbq
The Mughal empire was ruled by many tolerant rulers. By being open to diversity, the subjects were
faithful with their ruler.
Ruling was very tricky since the ruler was Muslim but a vast majority of its subjects were non–
Muslim.
The empire declines after rulers become intolerant and religious persecutions start to take place.
Babur became the founder of the Mughal empire by defeating the Hindus in a holy war.
Under Akbar, the Mughal empire consolidated its power to become one of the greatest empires of all
time because of Akbar's shrewd religious tolerance.
Akbar abolished the jiziya which was a tax levied exclusively on non–Muslims.
By marrying the families of his rivals (multicultural copulation), Akbar created alliances

The Causes of Indian Independence in 1947 Essay
The Causes of Indian Independence in 1947
In 1947 India was declared an independent country from Britain, after years of peaceful and violent
protests, pressure from all sides, and numerous promises. Not only this, but Pakistan was also
formed by partitioning the country into two, providing a separate homeland for the Muslims of
India. Although independence was greeting with relief from all, partition came with riots, millions
of murders and a hatred between countries that has not healed up even by today. The word
"inevitable" in the essay title implies something which was almost 'destined' to happen from the
beginning, and the course of action could not be averted under any circumstances. In this ... Show
This can be put down primarily to the harsh treatment of Hindus and Sikhs by Emperor Aurangzeb,
despite the fact he made attempts to reconcile, especially towards the Sikhs, in the last few days of
his life. This underlying hatred continued for hundreds of years and it was perhaps the first cause of
hatred between Muslims and Hindus which made them believe they could not live together. This
was an important first cause for the partition as it instilled hatred between Hindus and Muslims.
The East India Company, or EIC was also the longest term cause, this time relating to independence
by causing a rift between the British and Indians. The EIC first landed at Indian shores in 1608 at
the time of the Mughal Emperor Jehangir. Many years of trading followed as the EIC made large
amounts of money through lucrative deals with Indian businessmen. By 1744 the company was in a
position to loan £1 million to England; however this was detrimental to relations for all; British
people saw the Indians as underhand, corrupt people (as these were the only people they came into
contact with) and the Indians saw themselves as being exploited. Men who travelled to India were
seen as "fallen gentlemen", an image that was only broken years later. This showed a lack of trust
even from the beginning of the British Indian relationship as it begun with corrupt dealings and
exchanges. Although at this point

The Positive And Negative Effects Of The Ottoman Empire...
The Mongols impacted the course of history in Eurasia, but the resulting destruction: ruined empires
and the Black Death, lead to a need for rebuilding and reestablishing the once powerful empires
from the Post–Classical time period from the fifteenth century. Ansary argues that the Mongol
Holocaust had both positive and negative effects. Because of the Mongols, there was a new sense of
global awareness and synchronizing that was reflected in similarities between different lands. Yet,
the mass murdering and destruction from Timar was a definite low point. Even so, due to the
destruction that resulted, communication and trade became world–wide and new, strong empires
were born. They were fueled by new technology and unified by religion. The level of religious
tolerance in each empire was determined by each empire's interpretation of the Qur'an. Ansary
highlights his opinion of the two most important products of post–Mongol rebirth, new
interpretations of the Qur'an and Muslim religious theory as well as the emergence of Sufism, within
the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. The Ottoman empire began at the end of the thirteenth
century when Othman united the decentralized, lawless clans. The expansion that occurred after the
Mongols, instituted the Ottoman conquering technique, defeat than tax. Religious tolerance was
granted within the empire, but there was a jizya, special tax, for non–Muslims. Every aspect of the
complex Ottoman social order was connected, and Sufism was intertwined into some of the social
groups, mainly merchants. The pattern of Sufism lead to kinship among the merchants which
facilitated trade. With the psychological intimidation of gunpowder weapons and aggressive
expansion, some of the Ottomans emperors even gained respect that rivaled Caesar's. That respect
was not only from a political view but also a religious view, for the emperor was also the pope. For
the first time in Islamic history, a ruler of a primarily Muslim region had a role mirroring the
Caesaropapism of Rome. Meanwhile, in Persia, there was a bout after the Mongol Holocaust when
Sunni Turks took over in the fifteenth century and the belief of the Safavids was tested. But, Ismail,
an heir to the

What Is Akbar An Indian Empire
Akbar created the nation on the foundation that it would truly be an Indian empire rather than
another alien conquest. He saw himself as an Indian ruler not a foreign autocrat, leading him to
blend the variety of cultural, regional, and religious heritage. Akbar understood that for his reign to
prosper he needed to command the support and participation of all Indians. He united the empire
even through marriage using symbolism of religious variety within his empire with his four wives,
two of whom were Hindu, one Christian, and one Muslim. Akbar further showed his devotion to
unite the empire by building the Hall of worship where he invited philosophers, theologians,
ascetics, mystics, Hindu sadhus, Muslim Sufis, Jesuit priests, and Iranian

The Decline Of The Mughal Empire
Andrew Hereth History 103 Introduction to South Asian History The Decline of the Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire started in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. It has been
described as the largest empire in India since the Gupta Empire. The Mughal empire is known as the
best, wealthiest and longest dynasty in India. The Mughal emperors are historically known for their
creativity. The existence of the Mughal Empire has given India a great history loaded with
extraordinary achievements and power. The Mughal Empire faded due to the unsalvageable errors
that were made by the Mughal emperors.
The Mughal Empire reached its peak during the Aurangzeb era. Aurangzeb extended the ... Show
He died a few years after taking the throne due to his old age. At this point in history the
government of the Mughal empire had become extremely weak and unstable. The state of the
Mughal empire had a lot to do with the countless mistakes made by Aurangzeb while he was on the
throne. All of the decisions he had made at this point seem to have been based off pride rather than
sense and logic. At this point in history the Mughal empire had become one of the easiest territories
to invade. The final factor that played a major role in the fall of the Mughal Empire due to
Aurangzeb was the death of Aurangzeb and the very small reign of and death of his son. This point
in history marked the end of the Mughal empire and the start of the british rule.
The British also played a big part in the decline of the Mughal Empire and the economy of the
Mughal Empire as well. When the British took over they established the East Indian Company. The
british would force local Indian land owners to hand over their profits from the crops or season
harvest. After the money traded hands the money would go straight to the East Indian Company
officials. This caused many of the farmer to lose their land and almost ruined the local economy.
The Mughal empire became one of the best and biggest empires in history. they dominated a large
landmass in India and dominated thousands and

Essay On Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb's religious policy is based on the Islamic theory of kinship. Aurangzeb was felt that he
had not only become greater than administer the empire in a better way, but also to protect and
strengthen particularly its Sunni Islam faith. He was a strict follower of the Sunni sect, to the extent
that he persecuted the members of the Shiite sect. In order to achieve its objective of strengthening
Islam, his father was imprisoned, he killed his brothers, he forced his son Akbar to revolt and have a
miserable life. He also forced the Rajputs, the Jat Sikhs and Marathas to revolt, destroyed the states
of Bijapur and Golconda and imposed political, economic and social disabilities of their Muslim
subjects in order to convert them to Islam. Believes that all Aurangzeb Mughal rulers who ... Show
For example, once in a letter to Asad Khan, his favorite vizier, writes about an Afghan prince who
had shown him a beautiful ceremonial dagger that had been forged in Fergana, Babur originally
came home. The Afghan prince boasted that the name of the dagger was even more beautiful than
his prints. His name was "Murderer of the Shiites," and Aurangzeb said he wanted two or three
similar daggers with the same name. On the other hand, had words of praise for Amin Hafiz Khan,
son of his dear friend Mir Jumla, both of which were Shiites, and he even made Gujarat Governor
Amin 1672 to 1682. In addition, his wife Begum Dilras who Aurangzeb whose loved and tried to
grant every wish, he was a devout Shiite, and his son Azam had to be raised in that faith. On their
home court, Prince organized debates between Shiite and Sunni Ulema. Therefore there spears to be
a strange contradiction in the overall policy Aurangzeb continued to Shiasm practitioners. While on
one hand he did everything possible to stop their religious influence, on the other hand, it also seems
to have adopted a liberal attitude toward believers

Essay On The Great Mughal Era
INTRODUCTION
The Indian subcontinent experienced a huge shift in the economical and social conditions with the
advent of the first Mughal emperor, Babar. Babar introduced reforms of which the natives were not
used to. His successors continued the same policies, with each implementing his own will. This
report is targeted on the social and economical reforms each of the great Mughal brought. Each
period is unique in its own sense.
AKBAR (11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605)
Social Reforms
Akbar's reign is considered as one the most progressive and productive reigns of the great Mughals.
Akbar's reign significantly influenced the course of Indian history. During his rule, the Mughal
Empire tripled in size and wealth. His period is noted not only for the developments and reforms
that he introduced but also for the flourishment in the arts and architecture. We also come to see that
there is huge turn in the religious conditions (Deen–e–Ilahi). Through the analysis of socio–
economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jahangir was the son of Jalal ud–din Muhammad Akbar, commonly known as 'Akbar the Great.'
Jahangir was fond of art and painting and is commonly regarded as the patron of painting. He had
such a great interest in art work and painting that just by looking at the painting he could have
suggested the artist of that piece of art.
Jahangir was highly keen in coming to power. Even in the lifetime of his father, Akbar and during
his rule, Jahangir revolted his father. Because of that he rebelled Akber for years but later made
alliance with him. Jahangir finally became the Emperor at the age of thirty–eight when Akbar
nominated him as his successor on his death bed.
The same act is seen in the period of Jahangir when two of his sons, Prince Khusro and Prince
Khurram revolted Jahangir in order to get the

Essay On Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal, a marvelous white marbled mahal, symbolizes the beauty of love, and misery, is one of
the seven wonders of the world. Taj Mahal was built during the Mughal Period when Mughals
(Muslims) from Persia, Afghanistan, and many parts of middle east conquered India. It was built by
fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan who ruled India during the early 17th century. He constructed the
divine Taj in the memory of his begum (wife) Mumtaz Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal was a Persian
Muslim Princess, who married Shah Jahan in 1612 (tajmahal.gov.in Staff). Soon after begum's
death, Taj Mahal's construction was started in 1631. Shah Jahan had two aims, firstly to construct
the largest mausoleum in the world and the complex he designed was ... Show more content on
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The couple had 14 children but some children died during the birth and some died at early age. In
total, the couple had seven well surviving children. However during the birth of their fourteenth
offspring, Mumtaz died in 1631 due to some disease (history.com Staff). Two months later, Shah
Jahan ordered to build the Taj Mahal. As a result, Taj Mahal symbolizes the eternal love of emperor
and his queen. Taj Mahal was completed in 1648 but it was not open to public until 1653. Taj Mahal
is nothing but a gigantic marble tomb. This was a gift from Shah Jahan to his wife. Soon after the
completion of the monument, Mumtaz's dead body was placed in the center of the tomb. But after
few years in 1658, Shah Jahan was captured by his own son named Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb was the
last great Mughal emperor formed in the history of Mughal dynasty. Aurangzeb was the third son of
Shah Jahan and Mumtaz. Because of greed of becoming the emperor of dynasty, Aurangzeb killed
his elder brother and imprisoned his father, Shah Jahan for eight years. Shah Jahan was imprisoned
in Agra Fort, which was on the opposite side of the river Yamuna, and from the balcony of the Agra
Fort, Taj Mahal was visible. This helped Shah Jahan to help survive for more years. But after eight
years, Shah Jahan died of illness on January 22, 1666 in the city of Agra (Bhavesh Variya, 88). Later
his son and the current emperor Aurangzeb buried his dead body in Taj Mahal

Compare And Contrast Safavid And Mughal Empires
Safavid and Mughal Empires The decline of the Mongol Empire laid ground for the Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal empires. These three empires all had military strength, Sovereign Pride,
Religious commitment, and Aesthetic sophistication in common to varying degrees. The Safavid
and Ottoman empires are usually compared because of the wars that broke out between them and
their similar attributes. However, this will be a comparison of the Safavid and Mughal Empires. The
Mughal empire was founded by leader Zahir al–Din Muhammad, known as Babur (the tiger) in
1526. When he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Afghan Lodi Sultans at the First Battle of
Panipat, where they used gunpowder for the first time in India. The Mughal Empire is known as a
"gunpowder empire." With the help of gunpowder weapons Babur took Delhi in 1526. When Babur
died in 1530 he left a "loosely knit empire" he called Mughal. The word "Mughal" was the Persian
term for "Mongol." The Safavid Empire's founder was the Persian mystic Sheikh Safi al–Din (1254–
1334), after whom the order was named. The Safavid Empire was based in what is today Iran. This
Islamic Empire was strong enough to challenge the Ottomans in the west and the Mughals in the
east. The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. The
empire Islam in South Asia, and caused the spread of Muslim arts and culture as well as faith. The
Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large

Reasons For The Decline Of The Mughal Empire
18th century seen as the time when the Mughal Empire started losing their hold and the British
power was rising. The Mughal Empire still had control over their nobles however the later Mughal
Emperors were not as efficient to maintain the mightiness and hence the empire faced numerous
administrative problems such as jagirdari crises and peasantry revolution. Under the successors of
Aurangzeb, efficiency of the imperial administration broke down. The "Subedars" dismissed used
the economic powers they even stopped sending back the revenue to the emperor which was to
happen from time to time mainly the successor states like Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad who
initially hog washed with Mughals.
Mughal history states that the governors are "Subedars" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decline of the Mughal Empire it mentioned Emperor Aurangzeb as one of the major reasons for the
decline of the Mughal Empire empire Aurangzeb. Before the closing of the seventeenth century
sovereign Aurangzeb had depleted the military and financial resources of his kingdom by battling a
long war in the Deccan does the Mughal Empire had effectively weakened by at that point. The
decrease of such a solid kingdom since nobles they were divided into two main group the Iranis and
Turanis. The Mughal Emperors after Aurangzeb had little control on administration and they were
puppets in the hands of either of these two powerful groups. One of the other factors was a ruler of
Iran's Nadir Shah. He took the benefit of the Mughal Dynasties weakness and invaded in Delhi 1739
to add insult to the injury he took away a great amount of the Mughal wealth. That must have been a
major blow for the Mughal Empire. It certainly was but that wasn't the end of disrespect the
Mughals farther faced a series of plundering. It's by the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali. He
invaded north India Five times between 1748 and

Success Routes Ltd : An Innovative Marketing Consultancy...
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Businesses now want new and inventive marketing plans and strategies, and Mr Aurangzeb plans to
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With his recent, Master of Science in Marketing degree from University of Wales, and his
experience with........, Mr Aurangzeb will create a strong base for the prosperity and progress of
Success Routes Ltd.
We will offer tailor made services to our customers, to change and improve their marketing
strategies. We will liaise with the customer throughout the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He has also put his money on it, a total of £50,000 to be exact.
Mr Aurangzeb registered Success Routes with Company House in the UK under registration number
8957077. Although just starting out, Success Routes will be the cause of its own and others' success.
As it is the beginning, Success Routes has started out from the home office of its
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work and employees are being acquired. Until then, to be smart and keep costs low, Success Routes
will operate from this home/office and will outsource any work until it makes money sense to work
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The mission of Success Routes, lies in it name. We want to be successful, using correct routes and
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lead the business to Success.
Our Values
As mentioned above, our values

Essay On Mughal Architecture
INTRODUCTION
Mughal architecture developed under the patronage of the Mughal emperors in central and northern
India from the mid–16th to the late 17th century. The Mughal period revived the Islamic
architecture in northern India. Works of remarkable quality were produced by combining Indian,
Persian and various other provincial styles.
The new style began with the tomb of humayun and it had strong Persian influences. It was under
the rule of Akbar(1556–1605) when the great architectural period began at agra. In 1569 the new
capital city of fatehpur sikri was founded. One of the finest mosques of the Mughal era is jami
masjid along with its victory gate buland darwaza. Most of the early Mughal constructions have post
and lintel constructions and built with white marble and red sandstone.
During the reign of shah jahan (1628 – 58) Mughal architecture reached its peak, wth the taj mahal
being the crowning glory. most shah jahan period buildings contain park like surroundings ,
archways as well as the double dome.there was attention to detail, decorative work, symmetry and
balance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
it was constructed by shah jahan in fond memory of his wife mumtaz begum. the construction
started in 1632 A.D. and took 22 years for completion. white marble and semi– precious stones were
imported from different parts of the world for its construction.it was planned by a Persian
architecture , isa.the taj mahal rests on a marble terrace which has marble minarets on the four
corners . the minarets have domes. the taj mahal has an octogenal hall which has the cenotaphs of
mumtaz and shah jahan the ceiling is crowned by a bulbous dome.the surface of the walls are
beautifully decorated with geometrical and floral designs. The symmetry is completed by a mosque
on the west and a red sandstone structure on the east.the taj mahal is situated in a large rectangular
garden with fountains which adds to its majestic

The Between India And India
In the early sixteenth century, India stayed divided up into independent kingdoms until 1526. In
1526, a Mughal emperor conquered the northern and central hemispheres of India and forced
everyone under his rule. Many recognize him as the first Muslim emperor rule to India and he
influenced the Mughal title in a superlative way. One might question how the Mughals in India
acquired recognition and fame. This is because the majority of rulers in the throne ruled exceedingly
well and treated their people with compassion and respect. However, not all of the emperors
possessed that respect. Additionally, some Mughal rulers expressed generosity towards their
subjects' religions, while others showed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He lost his kingdom and was forced into exile, where he and his wife gave birth to a baby, who
would be considered the greatest Muslim emperor in India. When Akbar, Humayun's son, was
fourteen years old, his father managed to regain control of India, but unfortunately met his
expiration when he fell down a set of stairs, leaving his son in charge of the empire. Akbar, luckily,
resembled no characteristics that his father possessed. The extraordinary emperor expanded his land
tremendously and conquered many countries. Additionally, Akbar treated his subjects respectfully,
careful to meet their needs. He also did not show favoritism towards Muslims over Hindus.
Examples of this are, how he discouraged the horrific practices of Hindus, and he accommodated
the tax rates of the Hindus to the lower prices the Muslims paid. Also, Akbar even married Hindu
princesses and had children with them. Therefore, this shows that the true nature of this benevolent
emperor is what impacted the empire in an amazing way. Furthermore, Akbar and his Hindu wife,
Jodha gave birth to the next ruler of India, Jahangir. The new emperor did not acquire his father's
ruling skills, for Jahangir continuously lived in fear of the Persians, who attained a similar army as
the Muslims did. Also, he allowed his wife to take over his world and influence his decisions.
Jahangir lived a life with not much conquering or major historic recollections. After his death, his
son inherited the

Elizabeth Inchbald’s A Mogul Tale Essay
Elizabeth Inchbald's A Mogul Tale
The year 1784 found an earnest young female playwright, Elizabeth Inchbald, sitting down to pen
what would become her "first success as a writer" humbly titled A Mogul Tale.1[1]. The story
involves what appears to be an outlandish plot, since it is a farce which revolves around a party of
London ballooners who accidentally land in the seraglio of a great mogul2[2]. But applied research
finds that Mrs. Inchbald had indeed done her homework, for the dynasty of the Mughals (as
modernity has changed the spelling) really did exist. In researching the great Mughal Dynasty in
India, one finds that Inchbald's work appears to be less fantastic, and even more plausible as an
event that could have, indeed, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humayun only just managed to regain his father's territories before his death and the accession of
his thirteen year old son, Akbar, whose forty–nine year reign laid the foundation of empire, and the
development of a new style of architecture.8[8] Akbar proved to be one of the greatest leaders in all
of northern India, as he decisively defeated the Afghans and firmly established Mughal
supremacy.9[9] Akbar established in the empire a more solid administrative system and he proved to
be a hero of the people in many ways. He showed himself to be, as well as a humanitarian, a
general. He removed the personal taxes imposed on his subjects and appointed many of them to
high places of power and prestige both in civility and in the military. He believed that the ruler was
the guardian of his subjects, and so he went to great lengths to take care of his people, regardless of
their religion.10[10] Having thus established the Mughal throne to a greater extent than any of his
predecessors, Akbar's death proved to be no threat at all to its survival. In 1605, Akbar's son
Jehangir (previously named "Salim") laid hold of the Mughal throne and functioned very
successfully, thanks to his father's organizing genius.11[11] Jehangir also proved to be a great
leader, like his father, and was known for his great sense of justice.12[12] With few exceptions,
Jehangir's reign did not contribute a great deal to the architecture of northern India. His

Similarities Between Ottoman And Mungal Empires
Both the Ottoman and the Mungal empires were not only among the most successful empires but
also the greatest empires which have been highly esteemed in the history. The two empires had
various military similarities despite the fact that there were many differences which existed. Both of
the empires had gone through times of growth as well as prosperity. Despite the fact that Ottoman
and Mungal Empire never forced conversions into Islam, the Ottoman Empire was heavily relying
on the tough military training. Both of the empires had diverse military strategies that they use to
ensure that they ruled throughout Asia, with the Ottoman Empire extending into the European
region. My article thus analysis the various military capabilities ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the Mughal Empire, Hindus had been allowed to build new temples despite the fact the empire
had Muslim origins. To further gain the people's loyalty, Akbar the leader of Mughal Empire
eliminated tax on the non Muslims which would attract the Hindus and also the Christians into the
empire creating a universal religion which a mix of Islam, Christians and Hindus.. Akbar had also
secured the support and the allegiance of the different Hindus who existed in the region through the
negotiation of the peace treaties. Akbar had endured that the local governors would be given grants
rather than the salaries. Being dependent on the central government for their income, such a strategy
helped them develop increased loyalty enhancing military operations of the army and the general
government structure in the empire. On the other hand, Ottoman's emperor enhanced social
integration through striking the high levels of peoples' loyalty (Gingeras 13). The third similarity
was on the military problems that were facing the two systems that led to the collapse and the failure
of the two empires. Both empires were faced by military instability caused by financial instability.
When Akbar's son and his grandson took over, he increased the taxes in Mughal as it was in the
Ottoman Empire to help support the military operations and campaigns. In addition,

Achievements Of The Mughal Empire
As the Mughal Empire embarks the start to the highest points of tradition and culture in India, this
age began with the creation of India's greatest Empires–The Mughals. The Mughal rulers brought
India to its pinnacle of political power, and cultural success (Spielvogel 530). To acknowledge some
of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Empire– Babur, Akbar, and Aurangzeb; these rulers created
some of the greatest achievements in India, and some of the greatest controversies as well.
The founder of the Mughal Empire was Babur, who had an esteemed background, in regards to his
family. Babur's father was an Asian conqueror of Tamerlane, and Babur inherited a part of the
empire. At his youth, Babur led a group of soldiers who conquered Kabul in 1504. With Babur's past
working an an authoritative figure for the Tamerlane's Empire, helped him to seize Delhi, and other
parts of North India, until his death in 1530 (Spielvogel 530). However, it was not his revere
background that made Babur a powerful model during this time, it was Babur's resilience and
dominance that led India into one of it's highest peaks. With only twelve thousand troops against a
significantly large army, Babur captured Delhi, and established his rule there (Spielvogel 531). With
Babur's explicit intelligence, and prowess, Babur established himself to be one of the greatest rulers
in India, and led India into a time of achievement and success.
To address another important figure at this time, Akbar, grandson of

Jama Masjid Essay
The Jama Masjid of Aligarh is the largest mosque of city and situated at the highest point in Aligarh.
The mosque is commonly called "Jama Masjid" which means Friday. It was built by Mughal
emperor Sabit Khan Bahadur Jung Bin Muhammad Beg Mughal Turk between 1714 A.D. (1127
Hijri) and 1728 A.D. (1141 Hijri), which was the 11th year of the reign of Mohammad Shah Ghazi
(1702– 1748), a Mughal Emperor, son of Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah, the son of Bahadur Shah I.
The mosque was completed in 1728 AD with three gates, five domes and six minarets constructed
of strips of red sandstone which is now painted into white colour. The mosque can accommodate
more than 2,500 persons and more or less 107 people can offer Namaz in one row. At the occasion
of Eid, Almost 5,000 people offer Namaz at Jama Masjid. There are five domes on the terrace which
are surrounded by the four small minarets. It was constructed by more than 5000 workers. Instead of
the normal custom of building Jama Masjid is located on high land; it was built at a higher level
than the surrounding land so the Devotees have to go up steps to enter it. In addition, instead of one
entrance, Jama Masjid has three entrances. The Jama Masjid has a large ''Hauz'' or tank, which
consists of Water for the Wudhu of Namazi and into the middle of ''Hauz' there is a fountain which
makes the view more beautiful. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maintaining the purity of the sacred space and of one's body while in it: Upon entering the premises,
removing one's shoes and leaving them off for the duration of one's visit, Dressing appropriately:
Wearing a head covering as a sign of respect, the Jama Masjid provides head scarves for visitors
who have not brought a suitable covering. Special arrangement is done for the women coming to
nearby markets in a separate corner of mosque. Women offer Namaz in the corner of the mosque
and sometimes, take rest while they come for

Carpets: Tlots And Patterns Of Mughal Carpets In India
Mughal Carpets
Babur, founder of the Mughal empire, invaded India in the sixteenth century. By this time, native
Hindu craftsmen were already highly skilled at weaving a variety of sheer and lightweight textiles.
These fabrics were appropriate and practical for India's hot and humid climate. However, the
Mughal emperors were accustomed to heavy wool carpets woven in Persia and Turkestan. At first,
they brought carpets with them or imported them. Later, under Akbar, schools were established to
teach Hindu weavers the techniques of rug weaving. The native weavers modified the traditional
Persian designs, adding elements from their own artistic heritage. The Mughal carpets show the
varied results of this synthesis.
Pattern
Pattern begins with a unit or motif that may be symmetrical or asymmetrical, simple or complex.
This unit or motif is repeated over a surface according to a grid or ... Show more content on
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It does not have a central axis around which the shapes and lines are repeated.
Examples of pattern and symmetry in the carpet designs
Pattern and symmetry are seen in woven textile designs because the looms on which they are woven
depend upon the raising or lowering of threads in repeated sequences. Because pile rugs are
constructed on simple frame looms, one knot at a time, they are not dependent upon the design
repetitions imposed by the more complicated textile looms. However, some of the rugs do contain
repeat patterns. Why is this?
Most importantly, pattern was a deliberate aesthetic choice;
The rugs were created in collaboration with textile designers, and the existing textile tradition
incorporated pattern, both in woven and printed textiles;
Pattern is a way of organizing a design. Before a rug was started, its size, design, and pattern repeats
had to be taken into account. Otherwise, for example, the weavers might run out of one color of
yarn, or a design on one end of the rug might not match the design on the other

Mughal Empire Research Paper
Shāhān–e Moġul The Mughal Empire ↓ 1526–1858 ↓ Flag of the Mughal Empire Flag Map of
Mughal Empire in 1700 CE Mughal Empire (green) during its greatest territorial extent, c. 1700
Capital Agra; Fatehpur Sikri; Delhi Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai Turkic; later also
Urdu) Religion Hinduism, Sunni Islam, and syncretism Government Absolute monarchy, unitary
state with federal structure Emperor – 1526–1530 Babur – 1530–1539, 1555–1556 Humayun –
1556–1605 Akbar – 1605–1627 Jahangir – 1628–1658 Shah Jahan – 1658–1707 Aurangzeb
Historical era Early modern – First Battle of Panipat 21 April 1526 – Indian Rebellion of 1857 20
June 1858 Area – 1700 3,200,000 km2 (1,235,527 sq mi) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
At that time, he was roaming as a wanderer after losing his principality, Farghana. In his memoirs he
wrote that after he had acquired Kabul (in 1514), he desired to regain the territories in Hindustan
held once by Turks. He started his exploratory raids from September 1519 when he visited the Indo–
Afghan borders to suppress the rising by Yusufzai tribes. He undertook similar raids up to 1524 and
had established his base camp at Peshawar. In 1526, Babur defeated the last of the Delhi Sultans,
Ibrahim Shah Lodi, at the First Battle of Panipat. To secure his newly founded kingdom, Babur then
had to face the formidable Rajput Rana Sanga of Chittor, at the Battle of Khanwa. Rana Sanga
offered stiff resistance but was defeated. Babur's son Humayun succeeded him in 1530, but suffered
reversals at the hands of the Pashtun Sher Shah Suri and lost most of the fledgling empire before it
could grow beyond a minor regional state. From 1540 Humayun became ruler in exile, reaching the
court of the Safavid rule in 1554

The Challenges Of The Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was one of the great dynastic powers of the medieval Islamic world and its
nature has always been of captivating interest to historians of India and Europe alike. Ruling as
large a territory as the Indian subcontinent with such a diversity of people and cultures was an
extremely difficult task for any ruler to accomplish in the Middle Ages. Quite in contrast to their
predecessors, the Mughals created an empire and accomplished what had hitherto seemed possible
for only short periods of time. From the latter half of the sixteenth century they expanded their
kingdom from Agra and Delhi, until in the seventeenth century they controlled nearly all of the
subcontinent. They imposed structures of administration and ideas of governance ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
the Taj Mahal is distinguished as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a blend of Indian,
Persian, and Islamic styles. One of the most beautiful structural compositions in the world. It was
built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (reigned 1628–58) to immortalise his wife Mumtāz Mahal.
But according to Stephen Knapp, a well known researcher on Taj Mahal, it was not built by Shah
Jahan and he writes, "There is ample evidence that the Taj Mahal was never built by Shah Jahan.
Some say the Taj Mahal pre–dates Shah Jahan by several centuries and was originally built as a
Hindu or Vedic temple/palace complex and Shah Jahan merely acquired it (by brute force) from its
previous owner, the Hindu King Jai Singh." Not only Stephen Knapp but many other researchers
like Yogesh Saxena, V S Godbole and Prushottam Nagesh Oak (or P N Oak) hold a similar view and
P N Oak is the most prominent and pioneer among scholars who worked to discover the real author
of Taj

How Did Russia To Build Empires
Empires were the foundation of unity and power during the early modern era. They were even
capable of transforming a region into a global superpower with the right execution. However, none
of these empires could exist without motivation. Motivation itself comes in many forms. Between
the years, 1450 to 1750, regions such as Western Europe, Russia, East and South Asia, had various
motives to build empires. Western Europe had economic, political, social and religious motivation
that facilitated the construction of empires across an ocean. First of all, Western Europe's empires
were unique since many were built in the New World. The Americas are located across the Atlantic
Ocean which was a long distance to travel hundreds of years ago. So, why ... Show more content on
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In Eastern Asia, China's northern and western borders expanded during the Qing Dynasty (1644–
1912). China was not motivated by economic need unlike other empires during this time. However,
like Russia, China was motivated by security concerns. Strayer stated that "during the late
seventeenth century, the creation of a substantial state among the western Mongols, known as the
Zunghars, revived Chinese memories of an earlier Mongol conquest." As a result, expansion of the
Qing Dynasty was regarded as a defensive necessity. Furthermore, South Asia's motives depended
on the emperor. In India, the Mughal Empire was a prosperous empire that balanced both Hindu and
Islamic culture. Emperor Akbar is a good example of one of the Mughal Empire's motives for
empire building. Emperor Akbar sought to preserve the fragile political stability in India. Even
though he was a Muslim, he respected Hindu culture and imposed a policy of toleration. However,
some Muslims were not satisfied with Akbar's lenient implementation of Islam, so Emperor
Aurangzeb rose to power in Mughal India. As emperor, Aurangzeb reversed Akbar's policies of
toleration and used the empire to impose Islamic supremacy. That is why the Mughal Empire could
have entirely different motives to sustain itself, it just depended on the emperor. It is obvious that
East and South Asia have various motives for empire

How Did Religion Change Over Time
Throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, religion changed through each empire and time. In
these times, there were people with the religion of Hindu, Judaism, Christianity, and Muslim (which
contained two sects: the Sunnis and Shiites.) Three empires during this time included the Ottoman
Empire, the Safavid Empire, and lastly, the Mughal Empire. These three empires between the 16th
and 18th centuries were different and similar in many ways, however all three had different outlooks
on religion and were very diverse. They were diverse because each ruler had his own opinion about
religion and made the whole empire follow whatever he thought, meaning that each empire had a
different amount of religious tolerance, if any at all. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
varied in their views about religion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Ottoman Empire consisted of Sunni Muslims. Along with the emperors throughout this time
being politically in charge, they were also in charge by religion, with the title of caliph. The
Ottoman Empire had a high tolerance for non–Muslims. They were so tolerant that most of the non–
Muslims did not convert to Muslim. The only thing the Ottoman Empire did against other religions
was they gave people of other religions a tax called jitza. Throughout the Ottoman Empire the
tolerance for religion stayed consistently high. The next empire was the Safavid Empire, which was
an empire that was not religiously tolerant. They were Shiites, who had major differences with the
Sunnis and were always at war with each other. The emperors were also caliphs in the Safavid
Empire. The Safavid Empire made Shiism the compulsory state religion, meaning that everyone had
to be a Shiite or they would be put to death. They had no tolerance for non–Muslims and were very
strict about their laws. The Safavid Empire was a harsh empire that enforced its

The Decline Of The European Empires
1) What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands?
There are many reasons as to why the Europeans were able to make empires far away from their
homelands. The first reason being that Europeans were near the Americas unlike their opponents
(Asia) in which were father away. The Europeans were determined to gain more land, enlarge the
religion of Christianity, and expand the economy by gaining more territory. Every European had
their own reasoning for wanting to expand therefore, everyone had their own motives. Another
reason that enabled them was that they were also involved in trading which helped them transport
items to and from the Americas. The last reason was the Europeans immunity to diseases. While
many Americans fell ill because of all of the European diseases, the Europeans did not, enabling
them to conquer more land.
2) What large–scale transformations did European empires generate?
There were many large–scale transformations that the European empires generated. One of the
many examples of the transformations would be the fall of the Native American civilizations. When
the Europeans started to build their empire, the Native American population started to fall. Another
example would be that the European and African peoples started to construct new societies within
the Americas. Silver mines in Mexico and in Peru started the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean trade. The
Europeans also exchanged plants and animals with the Americas

Causes of the Downfall of Mughal Empire
CAUSES OF THE DOWNFALL OF MUGHAL EMPIRE BACKGROUND The downfall of the
mughal empire can be attributed to two major factors: 1) Weaknesses of the mughals 2) Strength of
the East India Company. The Mughal Empire, which had reached its zenith during the rule of Shah
Jahan and his son, began to decline after the rule of Aurangzeb. In fact, the decline began during the
last days of Aurangzeb.The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent in the time of Aurangzeb
Alamgir, but it collapsed with dramatic suddenness within a few decades after his death. The
Mughal Empire owes its decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of factors. The death of
Alamgir in 1707 is generally regarded as the beginning of the gradual decline, and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Absence of navy: The Mughals had no navy and only maintained small ships that were no match for
the well–equipped ships of the foreign traders. It was this weakness that the French and the British
used to their advantage, and were eventually able to establish their control over India. Rise of New
Powers: New powers such as the Sikhs, Jats and Marathas came onto the scene. Gradually they
broke off from the Mughal domination and established their own independent states. Foreign
Invasions: The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali proved fatal for the Mughal
Empire. Not only were the Indians defeated but their weakness was exposed and India became as
easy prey to other foreign powers too.The weakened Mughal Empire invited havoc in the form of
the Persian king Nadir Shah, in 1738–39. On his orders a general massacre of the citizens of Delhi
was carried out, resulting in the death of 30,000 people. Another threat to the Mughal Empire came
from the Afghans of Rohilkhand, lying northeast of Delhi. By the middle of 18th century, the
Rohillas became independent of the Mughal rule. At the same time the Jats also raised their heads
against the central rule. Punjab: Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru, had organized the Sikhs
into a military force. After his death, his disciple Banda Bahadur carried on his his struggle against
the Mughals. However, Banda was finally captured and put

Compare And Contrast Ottoman And Mughal Empire
The Ottoman and Mughal Empires The fifteenth and sixteenth century held many political and
religious changes. Two of the largest empires at the time, the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal
Empire faced many challenges in terms of religion, government, and women's rights. With each
decision the empires had to chose, one group of people would be unsatisfied. The strength of an
empire would always show through during conflict. While each empire was faced with its own
troubles, in the end the root of these problems would be the same. Religion was more than just
belief and faith, it was a lifestyle. In both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires, religion was also a
source of conflict. The Mughal Empire was located in India, which had a clear majority of ... Show
Yet the treatment of women doesn't seem fair compared to their male counterparts. Women in both
civilizations were looked down upon and seen as inferior to men. In the Hindu religion, women are
known to throw themselves into flames during her husband's funeral known as sati, and many young
girls being sent off into marriage wasn't uncommon. Even though emperor Akbar attempted to
change this, by discouraging child marriages, sati , and encouraging women to be more free, people
opposed. Later Aurangzeb would change this all back, throwing the fifty percent of the empire's
population back into cages and chains. The Ottoman Empire too, treated women like they didn't
matter. Even the "elite Turkish women found themselves excluded and often veiled...page 644"
Furthermore, official censuses didn't even include women, just to show how insignificant they were
to society. The one thing that women of the Ottoman Empire had that the women of the Mughal
Empire didn't was a voice in the Royal Court. The law permitted the women to have rights to their
property, marriage, divorce, and inheritance. Therefore, in comparison, it seems the Turkish women
had more means to advocate for themselves than the women in

East India Company Essay
Introduction
The East India Company (EIC), formally chartered as the Governor and Company of Merchants of
London trading into the East, it was also well known as the Honourable East India Company, and its
primary purpose was to trade with the East Indies, though it mainly landed up trading with the
Indian subcontinent. It started off as a Joint stock company. The company petitioned Queen
Elisabeth I to sail to the East Indies after the defeat of the Spanish armada which prevented
privateers from sailing to those waters because of the trade monopoly it owned over there.
They finally reached India after 2 failures and 3 ships lost at sea, they received a charter. The charter
was given to George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, ... Show more content on
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The east India Company in 1682 were attempting to gain a firman, a permit to have regular trading
rights all over the Mughal Empire. But Josiah Child the then governor of the east India Company
interfered and Aurangzeb broke off negotiations this sparked off the Childs War. Then an attempt
was made to fortify all British, gain control of Chittagong then fortify it and to set up a mint. And
for this purpose 400 cannons along with 600 men on board 12 ships of war were supposed to be
joined by 400 men from madras to capture and fortify Chittagong but instead landed up at the mouth
of the Hooghly River. After more misfortunate events at the Hooghly. And after another attempt by
Aurangzeb to resume negotiations that the British rejected. The Mughals attacked all British and
ordered for the confiscation of their property. All British property was lost except for Bombay and
Madras. Bombay was surrounded by the Mughals for a year, in 1960 the British surrendered and
were forced to lay prostrate before the emperor, pay large fines and promised better behaviour.
There was no incident after this caused by the east India Company directly till the 7 years' war.
There was another incidents with pirates that attacked a Mughal treasure ship but the British quickly
attempted to resolve

Malala Yousafzai's Crime
One year ago schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head by Taliban gunmen – her "crime", to
have spoken up for the right of girls to be educated. The world reacted in horror, but after weeks in
intensive care Malala survived. Her full story can now be told.
She is the teenager who marked her 16th birthday with a live address from UN headquarters, is
known around the world by her first name alone, and has been lauded by a former British prime
minister as "an icon of courage and hope".
She is also a Birmingham schoolgirl trying to settle into a new class, worrying about homework and
reading lists, missing friends from her old school, and squabbling with her two younger brothers.
She is Malala Yousafzai, whose life was forever changed at ... Show more content on
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It's a mountainous place, cool in summer and snowy in winter, within easy reach of the capital,
Islamabad. And when Malala was born in 1997 it was still peaceful.
Just a few hours' driving from Islamabad brings you to the foot of the Malakand pass, the gateway
to the valley. The winding road up to the pass leaves the plains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, formerly
known as the North–West Frontier Province, far below.
I remember it well from childhood holidays in Pakistan. But my latest trip felt very different – the
BBC crew made the journey with a military escort. Although the Pakistan army retook control of
Swat from the Taliban in 2009 and it is arguably now safer for foreigners than some other areas, the
military clearly didn't want to take any chances.
Historically, the north–west has been one of Pakistan's least developed regions. But Swat,
interestingly, has long been a bright spot in terms of

Mughal Empires And The Apparels Of The Mughal Empire
The apparels of the Mughal emperor were imported from various countries, which denotes noble
trade relations with other countries and their political power. Their clothing was made of the finest
cotton, silk, decorated with gold; they carried beautiful scimitars. Their clothing was slightly
different from their European counterparts. With the long gowns, the emperors wore pearl necklaces
and jewelled turban ornaments (V&AArchives [a]). Furthermore, they lived in very picturesque and
outlandish places.
Domestic items such as bottles, spoons, wine cups and mirrors were all produced in luxurious
materials like jade, silver or delicately painted glasses (V&AArchives [a]). Materials such as Jade,
silver and glass were rare and expensive during that time. Particularly nephrite jade, a valuable
hardstone became popular during the reign of Jahangir, it was imported from Khotan and was used
to make small wine glasses and thumb rings for the emperor (V&A museum wall). This connotes,
the rich taste of Mughal and enough money to acquire the same and the control they had over trade
relations with different countries and empires. Several artisans were employed in the court to make
luxurious and exceptional items for the court and the emperors.
During their reign, the Mughals had shifted and moved capitals several times to gain control over
other respective kingdoms and places by declaring a war or battles. The capital moved from Agra to
Fatehpur Sikri to Lahore to Agra and finally

Decline of Mughal Empire
Discuss the decline of the Mughal Empire. To what extent do you agree that the downfall of the
Mughal Empire was caused by the agrarian crisis of the 17th and 18th century?
AGRARIAN CRISIS OF MUGHAL EMPIRE by IRFAN HABIB: Various explanations are put
forward for the revolts which brought about the collapse of the Mughal Empire. There has existed
for a long time the thesis of "Hindu Reaction" as the main factor behind the revolts against
Aurangzeb. Its proponents tent, however, to rely more on present sentiment than on contemporary
evidence. Main concern is with what 17th and early 18th century texts have to say; and they, at any
rate, put the greatest store by the economic and administrative causes of the upheaval and hardly ...
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But there was an element of contra ion between the interests of the imperial administration and the
individual jagirdar. A jagirdar, whose assignment was liable to be transferred any moment and who
never held the same jagir for more than 3 or 4 years at the most, could have no interest in following
a far–sighted policy of agricultural development. His personal interests would sanction any act of
oppression that conferred an immediate benefit upon him, even if it ruined the peasantry and so
destroyed the revenue–paying capacity of that area for long time. Owing to the constant and
unpredictable transfers of jagirs, Bhimsen tells us late in Aurangzeb's reign, the agents of the
jagirdars had given up the practice of helping the peasantry or making firm arrangements.
Moreover, the 'amils of the jagirdars were not sure of their own tenures of employment and so,"
proceeding tyrannically", were unrelenting in the collection of revenue. When the jagirdar, instead
of appointing his agents to collect the revenue, farmed out the jagir, the evil was worse still. The
land was being laid waste, says Sadiq khan, writing of Shahjahan's reign, through bribery and
revenue farming, as a result of which the peasantry was being robbed and plundered. These
statements show that in 17th century the belief had become deep–rooted that the system of jagir
transfers led inexorably to a reckless exploitation of the peasantry. It was a result which the imperial

Reasons Of The Deterioration Of Mughal Empires
The Declination of the Mughals Empire Basically, the main reason that can be the factors of the
deterioration and destruction of a government is that the lack of unity among the communities itself.
The unity among the people in particular race or civilian is crucial in order to maintain the stability
of the government. In the other words, solidarity between citizens is the core element in order to
ensure the integrity of a government. In the historical world, there are numbers of the great empires.
But, the collapse of a government is becoming a norm to be confronted. There will be no empire in
this world will stand still forever and there is no exception for the Mughal Empire of India. Mughal
empire is a great government that governs an enormous region. As a general, the Mughal empire
was dominated and ruled India for about 150 years. Since Mughal empire is one of the greatest
empire on that time, the excellence which brought by all rulers until the administration of
Aurangzeb is respected by the others on that time. However, the ruler ... Show more content on
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Most of disputes occurred among the family of administrator is basically due to the seizure of king's
power. All of them would like to be the ruler at that time. Actually, the first six Mughal Emperors
from Babar to Aurangzeb are the greatest Mughals. The maturity, efficiency and the expedience of
these previous emperors are the main reason why they can establish and sustain the greatness of the
empire. The Emperors after the administration of Aurangzeb are called as latter Mughals. All the
successors after the Aurangzeb are worthless man. They did nothing to strengthen the empire and
they became the emperor ascended the throne by the wong way. They are too concerned with the
power of being an emperor. Bahadur Shah and Jahndar Shah are among the weak emperors and they
are one of the reason why the Mughal empire

Compare and Contrast Ottoman and Mughal Empires Essay
The Ottoman and Mughal empires were two of the greatest and most successful empires to ever
form in history. However, they both had some similarities as well as differences. Both empires went
through tough periods of time, but at some point they also went through times of growth and
prosperity. Although the Ottoman and Mughal Empire both did not force conversions into Islam, the
Ottoman's development relied on their tough military force, while the decline of the Mughal Empire
was caused by Aurangzeb's policy of religious persecution and high taxes. Because of the Ottoman
and Mughal Empire being tolerant of other beliefs, people of all religions living in the empire lived
in peace. The Ottomans granted freedom of worship to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Babur expanded his kingdom by attacking Afghanistan and conquering Kabul after 21 years of
being in power. From that point, he crossed over the mountains into Hindustan and attacked the
Dehli Sultanate, again defeating them and gaining their land. When he died in 1530 he had
conquered all of Hindustan and controlled an empire that stretched out from the Deccan to
Turkestan. These different strategies of conquering land helped the 2 empires rule throughout Asia
and, in the Ottoman's case, some parts of Europe also. Although the Ottoman and Mughal empires
had two different reasons for decline, both were because of the leaders currently in power at the
time. Even though Suleyman, the ruler of the Ottomans, accomplished social and cultural
achievements, the empire was losing ground. Suleyman made a mistake by killing two of his sons.
His third son, the incompetent Selim II, inherited the throne. Suleyman set the pattern for the future
sultans to gain and hold power. It became customary for each new sultan to kill his brother. This
practice produced a long line of weak sultans who eventually brought ruin on the empire. Since
India was mainly a land of the Hindus, The stability of the Emperor, in this case Aurangzeb,
depended on the support of the people. Without their loyalty and cooperation, stability was
impossible. When Aurangzeb came into power, he departed from the tradition of religious tolerance
and persecuted the other

Three Islamic Empires
The three Islamic Empires known as the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughul Empire all
three had different degrees of religious diversity during the 16th and 18th centuries. The rulers for
all three Islamic Empires allowed different forms of religious tolerance. Some of the ways in which
the rulers allowed religious tolerance resulted in well expanded and thriving empires. The Ottoman
Empire was considered very religiously tolerant while the Safavid Empire was not religiously
tolerant and the Mughul Empire had some religiously tolerant rulers and some non–religiously
tolerant rulers.
The Ottoman Empires religion was Sunni Muslims and were very religiously tolerant. The Ottoman
Empire enforced a tax that non–Muslims had to pay known ... Show more content on
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Babur was the founder of the Mughul Empire and was religiously tolerant because he was married
to a Hindu women. The next ruler of the Mughul Empire after Babur would be Akbar, Babur's
grandson. Akbar was known for his religious tolerance towards all different religions. Akbar was an
absolutist, however, he granted a great deal of autonomy to local Hindu rulers. He also appointed
Hindu's into his own government. After Akbar, came Shah Jahan who fought many expensive wars.
These expensive wars, along with the construction of the Taj Mahal caused the Mughul Empire's
economy and trade to decline. Shah Jahan was tolerant of Hinduism but he made Islam the state
religion. After Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb ruled over the Mughul Empire from 1658–1707. Aurangzeb
was a devout Muslim and was not religiously tolerant at all. He imposed the jitza, expelled Hindu's
from government, and led the destruction of Hindu temples. Aurangzeb outlawed gambling,
drinking, and prostitution throughout the Empire. Aurangzeb was the exact opposite of Akbar
because Akbar was very religiously tolerant. The Mughul Empire went through periods of
religiously tolerant rulers and non–religiously tolerant rulers which ultimately shaped the Empire
into what it once

16th Century Islamic Empires
During 16th through 18th century, Southern and Western Asia was the home of three prominent
Muslim Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, and the Safavid Empire. The Ottoman
Empire founded in the late 13th century was located in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian
Peninsula, and gradually expanded westward. The Mughal Empire was also founded in the 16th
century, and was viewed as the highest point of traditional culture in India. The Safavid Empire was
founded at the beginning of the 16th century, and was located in Persia. Religious diversity in these
three Islamic empires changed drastically throughout the rulers of those empires. Although many
rulers tolerated religious diversity, some refused religious diversity all together.

Babur, Akbar The Great, Shah Jahan, And Aurangzeb
How would you describe the reigns of Babur, Akbar the Great, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb? Babur
is known for laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the
first Mughal emperor. Culturally, he was greatly influenced by the Persian culture and this affected
both his own actions and those of his successors, giving rise to a significant expansion of the
Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent. Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy,
leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a great patron
of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in
Sanskrit, Hindustani, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars,
translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. Holy men of many faiths, poets,
architects and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's
courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centers of the arts, letters, and learning. Perso–
Islamic culture began to merge and blend with indigenous Indian elements, and a distinct Indo–
Persian culture emerged characterised by Mughal style arts, painting, and architecture. Disillusioned
with orthodox Islam and perhaps hoping to bring about religious unity within his empire, Akbar
promulgated Din–i–Ilahi, a syncretic creed derived from Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and
Christianity. A simple,

Shah Jah A Position Of Living Arrangement
Shah Jahan
Prince Khurram was 35 years of age when he ascended to the throne as Shah Jahan, or "King of the
World." Succeeding Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan appreciated the backing of experienced
administrators and officials – like his father Asaf Khan – who were left–over from the past ruler.
Shah Jahan, notes Hambly, resuscitated Akbar 's arrangement of squeezing southward against the
autonomous Muslim Sultanate of the Deccan. At the same time the greater part of his development
campaigns were unsuccessful. The uses coming about because of Shah Jahan 's fizzled endeavors at
outskirts extension, and his unquenchable longing for new and fabulous building design, were
apparent calculates the realm 's inevitable budgetary emergency.
Amid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shah Jahan was a dynamic supporter of castles and mosques. Blair and Bloom compose that upon
Shah Jahan 's promotion, the stronghold at Agra was redesigned to incorporate three noteworthy
courts: Halls of Public and Private Audience , Diwan–i Khass wa 'Am, ; a territory for fortunes and
private group of onlookers , Machhi Bhavan, ; and a private court known as the Garden of Grapes ,
Anguri Bagh, . The primary court, note Bloom and Blair, is near to the passage, while the other two
courts, which were utilized by the head and his escort, neglect the waterway.
Inside the stronghold, compose Blair and Bloom, is a congregational mosque referred to today as
the Moti , Pearl, Mosque as a result of the translucent white marble utilized on the inside. The
mosque, proceed with Blair and Bloom, contains a rectangular request to God lobby, around 53 by
21 yards, isolated by cruciform wharfs into three passageways of seven straights bolstered on
cusped curves and surmounted by three bulbous vaults. The added substance arrangement of vaulted
coves utilized as a part of the Moti Mosque at Agra is the kind of arrangement favored for littler
mosques developed under supreme support.
As per Blair and Bloom, the single–aisled arrangement that had been utilized for Shir Shah 's
mosque as a part of Delhi was favored for huge, urban congregational mosques which have

The World Of World History
Glimpse of World History, features a span of perspective of the world as it develops throughout time
to where it was presented. Nehru, while in prison, tried to find a bond with his daughter. In order to
connect to the outside world and be close with his daughter, he decided to share his vast knowledge
of the world through letters with his daughter. Nehru explores how time chases, how civilizations
grow and prosper, and how different leaders shape the world in negative and positive view points
and in many other ways. Nehru wants his daughter and ultimately others reading his book to have an
open mind to the different perspective.
A theme that stood out to me is that men are greedy and only look out for their own well–beings. I
agree with Nehru that people will always try to exploit each others weakness. People are so self–
centered that they forget that their decisions impact more than themselves. Whatever you do will
shape history as you know it. It is a problem that some say the past generations were better that the
current generations. The reason for that is because it 's like as time goes on we get worse or go
backwards instead of improving ourselves.
Another point to add is when people are content with what they have and with the current situation
that they are in, they refuse to think beyond the circumstances . I agree with a powerful statement
that Nehru made, "Fresh waters run on, and if you stop it, it becomes stagnant."People tend to go
with the mentality,

Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire's Rise & Decline Many nations tend to start off slowly building an empire or a
kingdom but it takes rulers and followers to up keep the regulations and tradition in order for it to
flourish. Without the work of battles, political advancements and forming connections with other
countries a nation cannot survive on its own which eventually leads to its downfall. According to the
reading of Talbot and Asher it is clear to see why they concluded the late seventeenth century as a
time to prove a "high tide mark from which the fortunes of the Mughal Empire quickly receded."
The Mughal Empire was one of the greatest periods in South Asian history in terms of political
gains, new alliances and improvement of society as well as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However it was ironic to see that a warrior community impose and be held at such high pose to the
powerful Mughal Empire but they were able to thrive due to their intimate ties to the territory within
which they fought. Even though they were not a successful they continued to dominate until the
1818 when they meet their match by the conquest of the British. While the Mughal Empire was
slowly declining the British East Indian company was flourishing which was company who was
trading with India and China and their main trade was cotton, silk, saltpetre and most important tea.
Generally the trading opportunity for the British led them into the subcontinent of India allowing
them to exercise military power and later on administering administrative functions. Also they
wanted to conducted trade in Bengal as well but Nawab of Bengal ruler opposed the British attempts
to do so. Due the opposition from Bengal it led to the Battle of Plassey of 1757. As discussed in the
text by Talbott and Asher the war led by Robert Clive was successful because they defeated the
Nawab forces which led to him being appointed governor of Bengal as a result of the war. The
British continued to reign at greater pace and by the late 17th century another battle occurred which
was the Battle of Buxar and the result of this was that the EIC was given rights under Mughal ruler
Shah Alam to conduct administrative duties as necessary in Bengal. As one would expect the
Mughal should

How Did Mughal Decline

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How Did Mughal Decline