Heat Capacity Lab: Metal's Thermal Properties

Heat Capacity Lab
I. Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find out about the heat capacity of metal. In this lab,
the first law of thermodynamics is used to find out the relations between heat and energy. II. Safety
Be careful with the surroundings. Heat will be used in this experiment. Make sure that your not to
close to the burner to burn yourself. Also remember to warn others if a surface is hot. III. Procedure
Set up support stand with support ring and wire gauze for the purpose of heating water. Fill 400 mL
beaker half way with tap water. Place it on the wire gauze over the burner. While it heats, weigh
your dry test tube with a cor to 0.01g and record. Fill the test tube and metal in the beaker of water
and it it boil. The Cork is used
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Matte Heat Absorption
The main focus of this experiment was to see if different type of colours and paint affect the amount
of heat absorption in a can. This was achieved by attaining four cans; the four cans were spray
painted with two different colours and paint: Matte black, glossy black, matte white and glossy
white. The four cans were tested to see which can would have the most heat absorption after the
duration of ten minutes. It was hypothesised that the black coloured cans would have the most
absorption of heat for the reason that darker colours absorb more wavelengths of light than lighter
colours as lighter colours reflect wavelengths of light. Also, the surface also affects the amount of
heat absorption. The glossy paint has a shiny finish, so it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This experiment can be improved by having the same person spray each can for the reason that
some cans were sprayed heavily with paint and the other cans were spray painted lightly. The matte
black and glossy white were sprayed with excessive amounts of paint and the glossy black and matte
white were lightly sprayed with paint. This may have affected the outcome of the experiment.
Another factor which may have influenced the result of this experiment was that when the cans were
sprayed, wind constantly blew the cans over. Therefore, the cans were resprayed because when the
cans hit the ground, it removed a portion of the paint from the can. This cause uneven layers of
paint. This issue can be resolved by spray painting the cans

Heat Stroke Research Paper
A Review Of Heat Stroke As It Relates To Exercise, Age, And Pre–existing Medical Conditions
Disease Introduction:
Heat Stroke is a heat related illness, physiologically defined as hyperthermia meaning a highly
elevated body temperature due to external factors like weather and humidity. The elevated body
temperature of heat stroke differs from the conmen fever, where a fever is a physiological response
in the normal temperature of the body onset by infections microbiological agents.(Cheuvront,
Montain, & Sawka, 2007) The term stroke used to define the heat illness is very misleading because
the illness involves no blockage or hemorrhaging of blood flow to the brain. It is not common but in
some cases heat stroke can cause damage to the brain if left untreated, but the illness still dose not
cutoff or divert blood flow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However before the elevated body temperature is noticed fainting may be the first sign of heat
stroke especially if the day is above 80's and humidity is high. The symptoms of heat stroke may
develop over the course of several days in people that are at high risk for heat stress such as the
elderly, imunocompromised, and people with pre–existing conditions. Symptoms develop more
rapidly when exercise or physical activity is associated. This type of heat stroke, is know as
exertional heat stroke, this type of heat stroke more commonly affects the young and endurance
athletes. Heat Stroke presents with hyperthermia the body temperature greater the 105 degrees
Fahrenheit in combinations with disorientations and the lack of sweating even though external
temperatures are high.(Harker & Gibson, 1995) Young children suffering from heat stroke tend to
have symptoms including seizures not normally seen in adults or elderly. But in untreated cases
eventually patients will progress to organ failure, unconsciousness and death.(Royburt, Epstein,
Solomon, & Shemer,

The Effect Of Heat On Temperature On Heat
Introduction The feeling of warmth is a universal feeling that is caused due to heat. Heat is the
transfer of thermal energy of a hotter substance to a cooler substance. Thermal energy happens to be
the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of the particles of any substance. Every object on
their own has a limit to how much heat they can receive to raise the temperature of one gram by one
degree, this limit is known as specific heat capacity which would be measured in J/KgºC. To
calculate the thermal energy transferred during an interaction the mass(m), the change in
temperature T(ºC), and the specific heat capacity(c) is needed to complete the equation.
Q= mcΔT. Heat can be transferred in three ways: convection, conduction and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of the three selected metal samples (Copper, lead and aluminum), an educated guess would
believe that copper should change the most in temperature due to it being known to be very
conductive. Aluminum would be the sample that has the least change in number considering the fact
that aluminum sheets is used all the time in ovens for baking and due to process of elimination lead
should be in the middle of which sample will the most change in temperature the most.
Procedure
Measure the mass of one of the metal samples.
Place the metal sample in the 300 ml beaker
Fill the 300 ml beaker with water (150 ml) and begin heating up to the boiling point on the hot plate
(medium setting).
Measure mass of the inner container of the calorimeter with stirrer.
Fill the calorimeter with about 100 ml of tap water.
Repeat mass measurements for the calorimeter filled with water.
Place the calorimeter in the shield. Measure the temperature of water in the calorimeter. Check the
thermometer reading after 2 – 3 minutes.
Wait until the water has been boiling for about two minutes so you can be sure that the metal reaches
the same temperature as the boiling water.
Use the forceps to transfer the metal sample quickly from the beaker with boiling water into the
calorimeter. Cover the calorimeter with the lid and insert the thermometer.
Stir the water gently with the stirrer and record the highest temperature that the water and metal
reach.
Repeat the experiment for the other

Cryotherapy Heat Lab
Heat and Cold Lab Write Up Today's lab was focused on the therapeutic practices of thermotherapy
and cryotherapy. Thermotherapy is heat is used in therapy to reduce pain and increase healing.
Cryotherapy is much the same, but using cold to promote healing and reduce pain. Both do their
jobs by creating physiological changes in the body that is induced by the change of temperature in
the areas. For example, and ice pack applied to a swollen arm with reduce the swelling by slowing
the blood flow to that area. This also should help with the pain in two ways: one, the cold should
numb the nerve endings to any pain, and two, the decrease in swelling should alleviate any
discomfort.
I did not get a chance to experience everything during lab

Heat and Temperature
Introduction to Heat and Temperature
Gonzalo Leon
Strayer University
2012/01/27
Introduction to Heat and Temperature
Relation between the Study of Heat and Kinetic Theory
Kinetic theory can be describes as a scientific theory of the movement of an object. Kinetic theory
relates to capacity of a subject to do work on another object due to their motion. Kinetic theory of
matter explains that the same is compose of tiny pieces of, atoms or molecules in continues motion.
The theory states that the actions of matter inside an object and the actions heat generates. Kinetic
theory explains as well the temperature transition by the means of transmission, where thermal
powers shows to be conducted throughout matter, heating up cooler ... Show more content on
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Changes in heat capacity affect people in everyday life, from everyday activities like the amount of
time it takes to cook to the construction of a bridge. Heat capacities are usually measured and
tabulated in a different form of conditions for a multiple number of examples. Knowing the stage or
property of the heat, (solid, liquid or vapor) of the substance during pressure, temperature and
common desire composition is an important tool to remember before figuring up its heat. Heat
capacity could be determined by the capacity of the temperature of an object multiplied by the mass
as well as the chemical composition, temperature, and pressure of a substance (Science.com)
Heat Sources Heat source is anything that produces heat, there are plenty examples of heat sources,
the sun, a volcano, light from planets and moon, friction, nuclear heat, etc. Heat sources are use for a
different variety of reasons. We utilize heat sources to adjust the temperature of our work, living
spaces, as well as to start the engine of a vehicle (Webster online dictionary). Heat sources have
assisted and aided on the development of the world by supporting and allowing us utilize machinery
and other devices for the agricultural process, farming process, construction and areal as well as
others. These heat sources have been an essential element on the development of not only the nation
but the

Heat : A Type Of Energy
Heat is a type of energy. Heat exists in everyday life.
The Universe is made up of matter and energy. Matter is made up of atoms and molecules
(groupings of atoms) and energy causes the atoms and molecules to always be in motion – either
bumping into each other or vibrating back and forth. The faster motion of atoms and molecules
creates a form of energy called heat or thermal energy which is present in all matter (Cool Cosmos,
n.d., parra.1).
Heat is the transfer of energy from a hot temperature place to a cold temperature place. Heat energy
can move between objects that are only of different temperatures. The higher temperature makes
atoms and molecules inside an object vibrate faster as energy increases, producing heat. Other types
of energy can change its form and convert into heat energy. Other energies change and heat up
because heat speeds up molecule activity within an object. In figure 1, a hot mug of coffee will
eventually cool down because of the lower surrounding air temperature. The heat leaves the warmer
coffee mug temperature and enters a lower temperature because the cold surrounding gets more
energy than it had before. The warmer coffee mug molecules move faster by hitting against each
other and bounce apart, and so they end up further apart from each other than they were before,
producing heat. In addition, some other heat sources are the sun, volcanoes, fire or friction. The
main source the sun is a star made of hot plasma that radiates heat for the

An Exploration Into Heat Propagation
This week I did an exploration into heat propagation. I chose to do applications on both a linear item
and a two dimensional item. I have very rarely chosen to do mathematical applications with
connections to physics, and I wanted to move out of my comfort zone. The question of this
exploration is what happens to the temperature of an object when subjected to external constant heat
sources of different temperatures. My initial thought is that the item would reach a new constant
temperature. My initial hypothesis was wrong. In this model I leaned that even though the heat
sources are constant the temperature of the rod expands to a linear bridge from one heat source to
another. I chose to follow one of the examples from our text book since I have limited background
in physics. The first situation that I explored is how heat is transferred along a linear metal rod with
two stable heat sources, of different temperatures, at the ends (Neuwirth, 2004). The model starts
with an assumption that each section of the rod will share 40% of the difference in temperature with
its adjacent sections with heat moving from warmer sections to cooler sections. The model starts
with the rod having a stable temperature of 10°C. Let's start with cell D4, see Sheet 3. D4 starts with
a stable temperature of 10°C. In the next period you can see that D5 has a temperature of 30°C. This
is calculated by taking 40% of the difference of its neighboring cells (.4(60–10)). This raises

Heat Absorption Hypothesis
What is the problem you are trying to solve?
The problem that needs to be solved is whether light colored or dark colored clothing is more
comfortable to wear on a hot, sunny day.
Form a hypothesis. What is the prediction you want to test?
Using prior knowledge that darker colors absorb more energy than lighter colors, I expect lighter
colors to be more comfortable to wear on a hot, sunny day. I will test for the differences in heat
absorption.
Test your hypothesis. How will the computer model allow you to test your hypothesis? What steps
will you follow? What data will you record? Conduct your experiment and record your results.
The computer model will allow me to test my hypothesis by monitoring how much energy is
absorbed by certain colors of different fabrics. I will place each color of each fabric into the
simulator and I will record the average of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Did the results of your experiment support your hypothesis? Why, or why not?
The results of the experiment support my hypothesis; the lightest color, white, consistently had the
lowest amount of heat absorbed in all three fabrics. Also, the nylon fabric had the lowest average
heat absorption out of the fabrics. The experiment suggests that on a hot, sunny day, a light colored
nylon shirt would be the most comfortable.
How does the material of the jacket affect heat absorption?
Nylon had the lowest average heat absorption for the five colors, followed by denim, and lastly
wool.
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the computer model used in this experiment. What other
parameters could you have used in such an experiment to determine the effect of color on heat
absorption?
The computer model allowed me to complete the experiment quickly, correctly, and without
confusion, but the level of control created restrictions in its features. For example, I was unable to
compare fabrics side by side in one test. Room temperature could have also been utilized to study
color on heat

Paper on Heat Stress
Heat Stress Exercises– Bhaskarla Krishna Harika
Question 1:
(5 marks)
Herbicide spraying is taking place with a hand–held spray. The sprayers carry a container of
weedkiller on their backs and the spraying covers a large area which they are covering on foot.
The sprayers have just come back from annual leave, this being their first week back.
To protect themselves against the herbicide, they are wearing cotton coveralls and gloves.
On the day when spraying is to take place, the temperatures are measured at 11am.
They are: Globe temperature 43.50C Air temperature 32.00C Natural wet bulb temperature 20.00C *
Calculate the WBGT * What work–rest program would you recommend? * ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Their body has to adjust to the demanding work as well as the climatic conditions. Gardening is
considered a level 3 or heavy work category. The above WGBT is determined to be 24.10C. This
indicates that the work/rest ratio should be around 75%:25% i.e a rest break of 15 minutes or more
every hour considering the nature of work. * Work–rest program for workers who returned 2 weeks
earlier: The workers who have acclimatized themselves to work during the 2 weeks that others
missed have an advantage of working longer hours. Even though gardening is a heavy category
work, the limit where there is a compulsion of resting every hour is at a WGBT of 26–270C which
is much higher than the 24.10C in this case. Hence, the workers who have returned back from
Christmas shutdown can work according to their normal schedule taking mid–day rest during lunch.
* Question 3: * (5 marks) * Workers are complaining about hot conditions in an aluminium refinery.
Whilst the particular process is a hot one, the workers can tolerate it at most times, except during the
height of summer. The process is continuous, so that knocking off when the ambient temperature
gets too high is not an option.

Using The Heat Energy Equation
INTRODUCTION (Pre–lab)
What will be the amount of energy contained in specific snack foods? This question will be solved
by using the heat energy equation, Q=mCΔT. "Q or q" will represent the heat in joules, this will be
found algebraically by filling in the rest of the heat energy equation. "m" will represent the mass in
grams, this will be found by finding the mass of the water. "C" will represent specific heat in
Joules/grams °Celsius, the specific heat of water will always be 4.184 J/g°C. "ΔT" will represent the
change in temperature, this will be found by subtracting the final temperature of the water by the
original temperature of the water. Capital Q means that heat will be added–endothermic. Lowercase
q means that heat will be lost–exothermic. The law conservation of energy says that energy will not
be created nor destroyed, but will be converted from one form to another. The percent error equation
will be (accepted–experimental) ÷ (accepted), accepted is the Cal/g on the snack food's package, and
the experimental is the Cal/g that is calculated during the experiment. The independent variable will
be the Marshmallow, CHEEZ–IT, Cheetos, and Chex–mix. The dependent variable will be the
energy in either Joules/grams or Calories/gram because the amount of energy depends on the snack
food. The controlled variable will be the amount of water in the calorimeter because the water will
be the same amount in every trial. A bar graph will be needed to determine which snack food

Heat and Iron
A clothing iron, also called a flatiron or simply an iron, is a small appliance: a handheld piece of
equipment with a flat, roughly triangular surface that, when heated, is used to press clothes to
remove creases. It is named for the metal of which the device is commonly made, and the use of it is
generally called ironing. Ironing works by loosening the ties between the long chains of molecules
that exist in polymer fiber materials. With the heat and the weight of the ironing plate, the fibers are
stretched and the fabric maintains its new shape when cool. Some materials, such as cotton, require
the use of water to loosen the intermolecular bonds. Many materials developed in the twentieth
century are advertised as needing little or no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to "How Things Work in Your Home" by Time–Life Books, a heat control lever rotates a
cam that regulates the opening between the contacts located on the thermostat. A steam valve
attached to a vapor chamber located above the heating element opens up when the correct
temperature is reached and water enters the chamber and is converted into steam. From there, the
water is converted to steam, which exits from the soleplate at the bottom of the iron through the
ports. On the top of the iron, a pump draws water from the reservoir and sprays it through the
nozzle.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Most problems occur when an iron is either dropped, the cord is frayed or mineral deposits from
hard water clog the ports. Time–Life recommends that irons be rinsed after use and a small brush
used to clean the ports. To clean the aluminum soleplate on the bottom of the iron, use a solution of
one part baking soda to two parts water on a cloth. Use a soapy scouring pad to clean steel
soleplates. Whichever type of cleaning method is used, dry the iron thoroughly. After heating it up
over the lowest setting, run the iron over a piece of wax paper and then a dry cloth, according to
Time–Life. Irons with nonstick soleplates should be cleaned with a damp sponge or cloth to avoid
damage to the coating. Nicks can be buffed out with an emery board.
Cords should be replaced if the iron does not heat. This can be a do–it–yourself project, according to
Time–Life;

Specific Heat Lab
Specific heat of metal In this lab we experimented with heat, metal, and water. We filled a beaker
with two inches of water and place a metal log inside. The beaker was placed onto a heating plate
and waited for the water to become boiled. The metal was taken out of the beaker and then
transferred to a small paper cup where it was filled with 23 degrees Celsius of water and a
thermometer determined the rise the temperature in the water in the cup. This process is used when
finding the calorimeter.
Heat energy is the energy transferred from one object to another through kinetic energy. The three
ways for heat to transfer between two objects would be radiation, conduction, and convection.
Radiation is the heat transfer of one object to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are several scales used to measure this value (e.g., Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit)." (Wilbraham)
Usually particles differ at different temperatures, which is related to the four states of matter.
Particles differ pending in what state of matter they are which depends on temperature. When a
substance like water for example is in its liquid phase its particle barely move and vibrate but when
water is a solid (ice) its particles cannot move, but can vibrate. Lastly, when water is vaporized its
particles move around freely. Temperature is related to heat energy because heat energy is a measure
in a substance based on its property. The temperature of that substance is equivalent to its heat
energy, unless there is a phase change, which would mean it isn't. "Specific heat capacity is the
amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a body per unit of mass." This means that
if a person has 10 grams of a object that has a high specific heat, and 10 grams of another object that
has a low specific heat, the person would have to apply more heat to the object with the higher heat
to get the same temperature change as the second object with the lower

Heat Transfer Lab
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment was to examine the relationship between heat transfer, temperature,
and specific heat capacity of water and a metal. Prior to beginning the experiment, it was known that
specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a given sample of substance
one degree Celsius, and specific heat capacity is amount of heat needed to raise temperature of one
kilogram of substance one degree Celsius. The formula to solve for specific heat capacity is: Cp =
Q/ (m *ΔT) or Specific heat capacity = Heat/ (mass * change in Temperature). It is important to note
that specific heat capacity also states how much energy must be taken away to raise the temperature
of 1 kg by one degree Celsius. Also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also supporting the hypothesis was that the temperature of the water did not reach the average of
the two temperatures, but rather was closer to the temperature of the water and not the metal because
water has a higher specific heat capacity. In finding the specific heat capacity of the metal (144.06
J/kg*˚C), the metal can be compared to the known specific heat capacities of various metals. The
specific heat capacity of lead is 130 J/kg*˚C; the specific heat capacity of tin 210 J/kg*˚C. There are
other metals with specific heat capacities close to 144.06 J/kg*˚C, but they are rather rare and it is
unlikely that they are the metal in the experiment. Most likely, the metal is some sort of lead

Heat Effects and Calorimetry
Introduction
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe is constant. Heat is transferred
when the atoms of one material vibrate and collide with the atoms of another material, thus
transferring energy. For this reason, heats always travel from hot to cold objects and two objects will
reach an equilibrium temperature.
Materials and Methods
1. Oven 7. Test Tube
2. Pasco Temperature Probe 8. Stopper
3. Scale 9. Calorimeter
4. Samples of Metals 10. HCl solution
5. Water 11. NaOH solution
6. Beaker
The sample metals are put to boil. In the first trial, the investigators use sample metal #2. Pour an
amount of distilled water in the beaker and measure. After obtaining the ... Show more content on
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The weight/mass of the metal is 29.08 grams. The change of temperature is 92.9 °C (99.7 °C – 28.4
°C = 71.3 °C).
Specific Heat of Metal = 732.7 J___ 29.08 g x 71.3 °C = .353 J/g °C
The solution reaction that we get is an endothermic because the change of solution came out to be
negative with the solution of:
Heat/g= __q___ = –991.7= –199.9 Mass salt 4.96
The molar mass of the solution we use is 85.01 (solid unknown number 22) and the heat solution per
mole of compound we arrived to was –170.01 KJ with the solution:
85.01g x –199.9 J x 1 KJ_ = –170.01 KJ 1 g 1000 J
The heat of neutralization, we arrive with change for the neutralization reaction of 5.43 x10 J thus,

the change of heat per mole of H+ and OH– ions reacting is 2.17X10 KJ with the solution:
0.025 x 40/ 1000= 2.17x10 KJ.
Conclusion
In this experiment, the investigators use #2 metals. The #2 metal is probably copper since the
specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/g°C compares to our average specific heat of 0.3875 J/g°C. The
average molar mass of the metal we use is 65.03 which is nearer to Zinc which has a molar mass of
65.39 compare to our conclusion copper 63.55.
Considering the environment, heat lost is assumed during the transfer of metal from the oven to the
investigators station. Beaker is used for safety reasons instead of Styrofoam cups. Also, there maybe
some discrepancy in the

Essay On The Heat Of Heat
The earth isn't, obviously, the straightforward strong ball we have accepted up until this point. It is
encompassed by a skeletal coating of air, expected to remember by severity and comprising totally
of nitrogen and oxygen. The significant constituents are basically straightforward to equally the
approaching sun powered emission and the infrared emission transmitted upward from the world's
surface. There are likewise various minor constituents, particularly water vapor and carbon dioxide,
which is to a great extent straightforward to the approaching sunlight based radiation, however
unequivocally retains the infrared radiation produced starting from the earliest stage. In regards to
Oxlade "The largest is water vapor, which isn't all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According Barrante research that "The Urban Heat Island (UHI) alludes to the perception that towns
and urban communities have a tendency to be hotter than their rustic surroundings because of
physical contrasts between the urban and regular scenes "(20). The solid and black–top of the urban
condition have a tendency to decrease a city's reflectivity contrasted and the common habitat. This
builds the measure of sunlight based radiation ingested at the surface. Urban areas additionally have
a tendency to have less trees than the provincial environment and thus the cooling impacts of shade
and evapotranspiration are diminished. The cooling impacts of winds can likewise be diminished by
city structures. The UHI is upgraded by human exercises inside the urban condition. Contamination
warningly affects a city, notwithstanding the warmth discharged by modern procedures, family
warming and auto utilize. As urban communities develop, the UHI impact ends up noticeably more
grounded, making a counterfeit warming pattern in the temperature record. Melbourne's verifiable
temperature record demonstrates quick increments from the 1950s, at any rate mostly because of
expanded

Specific Heat Of An Unknown Metal
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to discover the specific heat of an unknown metal.
By heating a metal then placing it in a calorimeter and taking the temperature of the solution as the
heat transfer from the metal to the solution. This is done using a calorimeter, thermometer, 2 200mm
test tube, an unknown metal, hot plate, 2 50ml graduated cylinders, sodium hydroxide, and
hydrochloric acid. The techniques that are used in this experiment is cleaning glassware, disposing
of chemicals, measuring mass, transferring solids, transferring liquids and solutions, heating liquids
and solutions, and measuring the volume of solutions by examining the meniscus. Introduction:
Chemical reactions always exerts some form of thermal energy, that energy then applies changes to
its reactants, this is called Calorimetry which is the analysis of temperature change or heat change
within a chemical reaction. A new instrument used in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Part B of the experiment, when observing heat change within a calorimeter, analyzing the heat
change within a reaction would be called the enthalpy of the reaction, since an acid and base
neutralize causing the creation of heat and provides a change as time passes. There will be a total of
two quantitative measurements in this experiment one of which is the specific heat of the metal, the
specific heat the metal is just how much energy that is required in order for one gram of the
substance to increase by one degree Celsius. Similar to enthalpy of the reaction, enthalpy of
neutralization is when the energy released per mole of water formed in an acid–base

Specific Heat Capacity Lab
Purpose/ Research Question: Determine the specific heat capacity of two unknown metals. Find two
Ionic compounds out of the several given chemicals that would synthesize in the product of the most
effective hand warmer. Hypothesis: For both metals one and two, we can calculate the specific heat
capacity within five percent error. The ideal hand warmer for cost, toxicity, and heat given off would
include 5.0 g Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) and 10 mL of deionized water. Procedures: We set up an
appropriate apparatus including a Styrofoam calorimeter cup containing room temperature deionized
water, two thermometers, and a clean beaker also containing deionized water directly on a heat
source. After heating up the water until its boiling point, we recorded the mass of each metal and
carefully placed the selected metal inside the boiling water until the temperature of the water
containing the metal was constant. Quickly, we placed the hot metal from the boiling water in the
calorimeter cup containing room temperature water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We calculated the specific heat of metal one to be 0.39 J/g℃ which correlates to the exact specific
heat capacity of element 30 Zinc. For metal two, we calculated the specific heat capacity to be 0.38
J/g℃ which was close to the actual specific heat of element 23 Iron. The specific heat capacity of
Iron was 0.45 J/g℃. Our inaccuracy could be a result of not reading the thermometer as accurately
as we could have. To improve yield in the future, we could make sure we record more accurate
temperatures. I also accept my hypothesis on the most effective hand warmer. In terms of heat given
off, toxicity, and price, Magnesium Sulfate was indeed the best choice for a hand warmer because
when compared to the other given chemicals, it was the most exothermic in water, it is relatively
nontoxic, and is very

Determination of Specific Heat
Determination of specific heat
Capacity of a solid by electrical method
Introduction
Thermal conductivity heat is transferred as a consequence of temperature difference between 2
bodies, heat energy passes form a hotter to the colder body. Specific heat capacity is the amount of
heat energy required in joules to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius, different substances
absorb heat energy at different rates not all substances require the same amount of heat energy to
increase the internal temperature of a substance this depends on the mass and the material it's self.
To demonstrate specific heat capacity of a solid an experiment was carried out using 1kg aluminium
mass and 1kg copper mass heat was conducted to the masses by ... Show more content on
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The reason for this is that copper's molecules are more densely packed and so it is a good conductor
of heat, and when 1 kg of each substance are compared visually it is easily seen that 1kg of copper
mass is far smaller than 1kg of aluminium mass. Aluminium is more efficient at radiating or
dispersing heat as it is less dense which also makes it a lighter material.
Overall this experiment has successfully reached its objectives however some errors have occurred
as shown in the experimental errors where the experimental values do not match the actual values of
the materials this could be caused by heat loss through the material which could be reduced with
better insulation of the material. Further error could have been avoided in the first experiment by
letting the heating element reach its maximum output before inserting it into the aluminium block as
the warm up time is not taken into consideration in the first experiment; this was not a factor in the
second experiment as the heating element was immediately placed into the copper block and was at
its maximum

The Effect Of Heat Transmission On The Heat
Introduction:
Heat transmission is the process through which heat is transferred in swap of thermal energy that
exists between the physical systems, depending on the pressure and temperature by dissipating heat.
The essential modes of transferring the heat are convection, conduction or diffusion and radiation.
Heat is transferred from region of high temperature to low temperature region.
1.0 Heat transfer
The various modes of heat transfer are as follows:
1.1 Conduction: Conduction mode of heat transfer is the process in which transfer of energy is taken
place between the objects that are having the physical existence. In this process heat is spreads
through a matter when faster molecules and atoms run over with the slower neighboring atoms and
molecules. Faster atoms and molecule can transfer their little energy known as kinetic energy to the
slower ones. Conduction is also known as diffusion.
1.2 Convection Convection is also a fundamental mode of transferring the heat. In this process heat
is transferred from one place to another through the movement of fluids. Fluids are those substance
which are not having any fixed shape. These substances include liquid and gas state of matter.
(edinformatics.com, 2015)
1.3 Radiation In the previous forms of heat transfer modes heat is transferred from one place to
another or from one substance to another. But in radiation electromagnetic waves are involved in the
transfer of heats. In this process no particular substance or

The Heat Of Heat Pipe Essay
The figure illustrates the heat pipe as a closed tube where the inner surface is lined with a wick or a
porous material that is filled with liquid near its saturation temperature. The liquid in the wick and
the open vapour corridor is separated by a vapour–liquid interface, which is found in the inner
surface of the wick. Heat pipe characteristics are dependent upon size, shape, material construction,
working fluid and heat transfer rate. The operational characteristic of a heat pipe is defined by heat
boundaries, effective thermal conductivity and temperature difference. Nanofluids are used in heat
pipes in order enhance the thermal efficiency of the heat pipe and they are evaluated by their effect
on the thermal efficiency. The thermal efficiency represents the ratio of heat rejected at the
condenser section and the heat input at evaporator section. Recently, many researchers have
presented the heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe using nanofluids.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW The objective of this paper is to present an overview of literature
dealing with recent developments in the study of heat transfer using nanofluids in heat pipes. R. Reji
Kumar et.al, [4] experimentally investigated effects of using Al2O3–DI (De–ionized) water
nanofluid on the heat transfer performance of heat pipe. A copper tube was used for test section with
an internal diameter of 20.8 mm and external diameter of 22 mm. Aluminium oxide of 0.1% mass
concentration was used. The properties of

The Effect Of Heat And Calorimeter On The Heat Capacity
Introduction/ Abstract: As a metal was being heated, the temperature was changing by increasing the
heat capacity. The change of the temperature depended on how much heat was supplied to the metal
and the mass, which could make a difference based on the object being heated. With that said, the
purpose of this experiment, which covered the concepts of heat and calorimeter, was to measure the
specific heat of a metal and to compare the experimental result to the theoretical value of same
metal.
Theory:
The relevant theoretical concept and equation used in this experiment were:
∆Q = change in the quantity of heat m = mass of the object
∆T = change in temperature
C = heat capacity
Heat capacity, C, is the quantity of heat needed to raise the system 's temperature by one degree.
∵∆Q = C∆T
∴C = ∆Q ∆T
The specific heat, c, of a solid or liquid is to raise the temperature of the substance to some value
which means the the quantity of heat needed to raise the the temperature of a particular substance, a
fixed a mount for a given unit mass. c = Cm
The specific heat of a material can be calculated by combining the above equations to give, c= ∆Qm
∆T
Using conservation of energy, the heat lost by the metal was the same as the one gained by the
water/calorimeter system, mmcm (Tmi − Tf) = mwcw ( Tf− Tw ) + mccc (Tf− Tw ) where we have
assumed that the whole system has the same final temperatureTf and cm was the specific heat of the
metal.
mm = The mass of the metal shot

Heat Unevenly Lab Report
If we heat soil and water for 10 min and let them cool for 10 min, the soil will heat rapidly and cool
slowly, because dark colors absorb a lot of heat. When we heated the materials up, the temperature
difference for soil was 6.1 degrees Celsius. The temperature difference for water was 2.4 degrees
Celsius. When we let the materials cool for 10 min, the difference in temperature for soil was 3.4
degrees Celsius. The difference in temperature for the water was 0.9 degrees Celsius. My hypothesis
was partially correct. While the temperature of the soil increased quickly, the temperature of the soil
cooled cooled quicker than the water.
Surfaces heat unevenly for a variety of reasons. The main three reasons why surfaces heat unevenly
are because

Lab Report: The Heat Is On Experiment
The Heat Is On Experiment
In the day to day life people around the world are exposed to the amount of calories in many
different food items. However, many of those same people don't know why the amount of calories
are in the product theyŕe eating. With that being said, the experiment ¨The Heat Is On" directly
focuses on how to discover the amount of calories in a product, by the exposure of heat. Therefore,
the amount of energy in the food tested will also be found. The food items we decided to use in this
experiment include a marshmallow, a cheeseball, and lastly potato shoestrings. Before the
experiment, the hypothesis agreed upon was that cheese ball will contain the highest amount of
energy. We intend to test our hypothesis through the experiment ¨The Heat is On" by finding the
mass of the food product after it stops burning. All in all, the experiment ¨The Heat is On" the
experiment my group went through to overall find the amount of energy in the food we tested.
Firstly, the food holder had to put together. This is accomplished with a bent, large size paper clip,
so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meaning, my hypothesis was wrong, and the cheese ball actually had the least amount of energy per
gram. Having said that, the food item with the most calories per gram was the potato shoestring.
What we interpreted from the experiment is the more energy in some sort of food, the more likely it
will have more calories. We also found out the larger amount of fat, protein, and carbohydrates in a
food, the more calories, and energy will be in it. This was found by looking back on the nutritional
facts of the food item. There weren't any distinct patterns except all the food items had similar
results for the first half of the data table. One way we could've improved the experiment to get a
more reliable result is to do the experiment several times for each food item, instead of doing it just
one

Heat Movie Essay
The movie Heat is a crime thriller that was released in 1995 and was written and directed by
Michael Mann. This movie had a star–studded cast of some of the best actors in the business
including Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Val Kilmer and a young Natalie Portman. Neil McCauley
(Robert De Niro) is a bank robber and leader of a highly skilled crew that takes big scores, and
makes few mistakes. Lt. Vincent Hanna (Al Pacino) is a detective, and is tasked to take down Neil
and his crew. Lt. Hanna is tasked to bring down Neil and his crew, after a sloppy take on an armored
vehicle. It is an ongoing battle between Neil, and Lt. Hanna trying to see who can outsmart and
outwit the other. This is one of my dad's favorite movies, and constantly spits facts out about this
movie
The first aspect of the movie that really stood out was the way bland colors were used throughout
the movie. A lot of the scenes were shot at night giving a somber vibe to everything, but even the
scenes that were shot during the day did not have huge popping colors. The use of bland colors ...
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In Heat, the lighting is no different than the color. It is very somber, and dark at times with the
actor's face being the only thing that is highlighted by the light. There are also a few scenes in the
movie that have heavy influences from film noir. The smoke–filled rooms or back alleyways give
the effect of casting just enough light to only touch the actor. It is a crime movie, so if it sticks to the
style of old crime dramas there will be lots of smoking in it as well. This allowed light to catch the
smoke in the air, and effectively accent the look the director was going for. Another technique that
was used a few times in this movie during nighttime scenes was to have water on the ground so the
light would reflect in the water as well. It is an old technique that has been used in Hollywood for

Specific Heat Capacities Of Metals
Specific Heat Capacities of Metals
Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine the properties of two unknown metals by heating
them up to their initial temperature and then determining their specific heat capacity by calculating
the temperature difference once it reaches equilibrium with a room temperature water bath.
Therefore comparing the two metals with their specific heat capacities on a known table and
deducing the unknown metals. The water bath needs to be well insulated so that no heat is
exchanged with the surroundings and it needs to be ensure that the metal block is heated thoroughly.
Background Physics:
Definition of Temperature: The measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance
Definition of Heat: Heat is a form of kinetic energy which transfers from one medium to another,
usually from a hotter substance to a colder one.
Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of an 1kg
substance by 1˚C, without a change in phase.
Kinetic Particle Model: The Kinetic Particle Model states that all matter is made up of small moving
particles that are in constant motion to each other, and are attracted to each other. These particles
have kinetic energy. When heat is applied, the average kinetic energy of the particle increases, and
as the average kinetic energy increases the temperature also increases, thus 'heating up'.
Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its motion or movement.
Thermal Equilibrium: Heat

Heat Transfer Coefficient
Practice Problems Set – 1 MEC301: Heat Transfer
Q.1 The slab shown in the figure is embedded on five sides in insulation materials. The sixth side is
exposed to an ambient temperature through a heat transfer coefficient. Heat is generated in the slab
at the rate of 1.0 kW/m3. The thermal conductivity of the slab is 0.2 W/m–K. (a) Solve for the
temperature distribution in the slab, noting any assumptions you must make. Be careful to clearly
identify the boundary conditions. (b) Evaluate T at the front and back faces of the slab. (c) Show
that your solution gives the expected heat fluxes at the back and front faces.
Q.2
Compute overall heat transfer coefficient U for the slab shown in the figure.
Given: Ls = 2 mm = 0.002 m Lc = 3 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The thermal conductivity of the red brick (K2) is 0.8W/m–K and that of the fire clay (K1) is 0.3(1 +
0.001T) W/m–K where T is the temperature of the clay in degrees Celsius. Assuming unit surface
area, find the conductive heat loss through the furnace wall and the temperature at the interface of
the fire clay and red brick. Q.8 A 20 mm diameter copper pipe is used to carry heated water; the
external surface of the pipe is subjected to a convective heat transfer coefficient of h = 6 W/m2–K,
find the heat loss by convection per meter length of the pipe when the external surface temperature
is 80oC and the surroundings are at 20oC. Assuming black body radiation then what is the heat loss
by radiation?
Q.9 A plate 0.3 m long and 0.1 wide, with a thickness of 12 mm is made from stainless steel (k =
16 W/m–K), the top surface is exposed to an airstream of temperature 20oC. In an experiment, the
plate is heated by an electrical heater (also 0.3 m by 0.1 m) positioned on the underside of the plate
and the temperature of the plate adjacent to the heater is maintained at 100oC. A voltmeter and
ammeter are connected to the heater and these read 200 V and 0.25 A, respectively. Assuming that
the plate is perfectly insulated on all sides except the top surface, what is the convective heat
transfer coefficient?
Q.10 Heat flows steadily through a stainless steel wall of thickness Lss = 0.06 m, with a variable
thermal conductivity of kss = 1.67 + 0.0143T (C). It is

Specific Heat Capacity Lab
The purpose of this lab was being able to use specific heat capacity to find out what the unknown
metal was. If the specific heat capacity of the unknown metal is less than 1 Joule per degrees Celsius
or Kelvin then the unknown metal is either aluminum, copper, lead, tin, or zinc.
Procedure:
First we had to plug in the hotplate and get about 200mL of water and put it in a beaker to boil. Then
the mass of the unknown metal and the mass of the Styrofoam cup was recorded. After the water on
the hotplate started to boil the metal was placed in the boiling water without touching the bottom or
sides of the beaker. Then the Styrofoam cup was filled halfway with water and the mass was
recorded. Then the temperature of the boiling water was measured with a probe that is plugged into
a laptop which reads the temperature. After this the metal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the 1700's a scientist by the name of Joseph Black was able to make the observation that different
objects required different quantities of energy or heat to be able to change the temperature. Joseph
Black was also able to show that heat and temperature were different. Heat is energy that can be
transferred from one place to another. For example, from a system to surroundings or from the
surroundings to a system. In other words, endothermic and exothermic energy. Temperature is a
measurement and is technically not a form of energy. Also, temperature measures the average
kinetic energy of molecules. If a substance has a low specific heat capacity the substance will heat
and cool relatively fast. If a substance has a high specific heat capacity the substance will heat and
cool slowly. For example, metals heat and cool faster than water. The specific heat capacity of water
is 4.184 Joules per degrees Celsius while the specific heat capacity of the metal copper is only 0.385
Joules per degrees

Heat By Michael Mann : The Heat
Danny Zimmerman
DC 224
Benedyk
May 13, 2015
The Heat Paper
Growing up my family would watch a lot of movies but one that stuck with me for a while was
watching my first rated R movie that was entitled HEAT by Michael Mann. The story takes us
through a journey through A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police
when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. (IMDB) In reading the script compared to
the movie I can spot many differences. I loved the movie but the script was better than the movie.
The first difference I spoted was is in the opening sequence of the film. The first scene starts out
with a massive structure in the foreground and Robert DeNiro's character arriving by train. His ...
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In comparing the two depecctions of the story I would of liked to see the subtle decision to use the
paper bag and white intern coat. I think that this character choice would set up the movie much nicer
and show the audience that Robert Deniro's character is a mastermind that is very smooth in his
actions. While these are subtle decisions made by the director they are very important to the
progression of the story. In the movie, we appreciate Robert's character for his physical
characteristics. In the script, Robert is described in detail most notably his psychical and emotional
state. The script states "an ice–cold professional–very big, very tough. At 42, his short black hair is
graying". I think that the script did a better job of setting up the story more correctly. I would of
liked to see the script version because I think it is a more creative exposition to the film allowing the
viewed to become more invested in the characters.
The next scene were I noticed differences was the scene when Val Kilmer buys explosives under the
company name "Jack 's Demolition" when Val is at the counter he doesn 't engage in a conversation
with the clerk. This is what was shown in the movie version. In the script version however Val does
engage in small talk with the clerk–significantly he tells the clerk that he is "drillin ' some post holes
into concrete" This banter back and forth allows the person behind the counter to not get suspicious.
The script goes on to give a

Heat Energy Lab Report
Energy is used in any type of reaction that causes a substance to change its phase. When heating a
solid, energy is put into the substance, causing the substance to gain energy. If heating continues on
the solid, a phase transition will occur and the solid will melt to a liquid. The amount of heat
required to melt a solid to a liquid is an enthalpy, and is called heat of fusion. If the heating
continues on the liquid, the substance will then reach its boiling point, and a phase change will occur
again from a liquid to a gas. When a phase change from a liquid to a gas occurs, the change is
known as the heat of vaporization. In some cases, a substance converts straight from a solid to a gas,
called the heat of sublimation.
Change in phase is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The temperature most likely reacted this way due to the fact that the substance had gone through a
change and become a new substance. Therefore, the temperature stayed the same after a phase
change had initially occurred.
As the temperature rises, so does the kinetic energy, making the particles move faster. And when the
temperature decreases, so does the kinetic energy Since the particles move slower, the naphthalene,
which is a liquid, began to solidify.
The naphthalene stayed in the solid + liquid phase for a total of 12 minutes, at 〖80.2〗ô C. With
that, the melting point is at 〖80.2〗ô C, whilst the transition time is 6 minutes.
From the experiment and data collected, it can be assumed that if liquid naphthalene is cooled, its
temperature will drop until it reaches 〖80.2〗ô C. It will remain so until all the liquid freezes. The
temperature at which a substance freezes; which is called the freezing point; is identical to the
temperature at which it melts. If liquid naphthalene is heated, its temperature keeps rising until it
reaches 〖218〗ô C, the boiling point of naphthalene. Until boiling is complete, the temperature
remains at 〖218〗ô

Physical Science: Heat
Physical Science: Heat
It is reasonable to suggest that just about everyone has felt the warmth of the sun or warmed
themselves by a fireside, but many people may not understand the source of the energy they are
feeling, particularly at the molecular level. Without heat, though, humankind would soon cease to
exist and the universe would quickly collapse into an absolute zero nothingness. To gain some
further insights into this essential source of life, this paper provides a review of the relevant
literature to define heat and temperature, the relationship between them, and how they are different.
A discussion concerning the various properties of a substance that determine its heat capacity is
followed by a description of some of the various sources of heat. Finally, an analysis concerning
how the study of heat relates to the kinetic theory of matter is followed by a summary of the
research and important findings in the conclusion.
Review and Analysis
What is heat? Interestingly, heat is not static energy but rather by definition is moving from a hotter
object to a cooler object. For instance, according to Nave (2005). "Heat may be defined as energy in
transit from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object" (para. 1). Because heat is
always in transit, it is also differentiated from heat produced from an object's internal energy. In this
regard, Nave adds that, "An object does not possess 'heat'; the appropriate term for the microscopic
energy in an

Unit 4 Heat And Temperature
Unit 4: Heat and Temperature
Topic A: Illustrate and explain how human needs have led to technologies for obtaining and
controlling thermal energy and to increased use of energy resources.
Investigate and interpret examples of heat–related technologies and energy used in the past (e.g.
domestic and industrial purposes)
Steam engines were the first engine type to see use in industrial purposes. A fire heats water which
turns to steam and the steam then has the ability to move things. They were first invented by
Thomas Newcomen in 1705, and James Watt (a Scottish inventor) made big improvements to steam
engines in 1769. Steam engines powered all early cars, steamboats and factories.
Trace linkages between human needs and development of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Describe the effect of heat on the motion of particles, and explain changes of state using the particle
model of matter.
There are four basic components for thermal energy (heat): 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
called atoms. These can only be seen with special microscopes. 2. The atoms are always moving –
they all have kinetic energy. 3. The particles have space between them. Different states of matter
have different amounts of space. 4. Adding heat (energy) to matter makes the particles move more
quickly. Since faster moving things have more kinetic energy, adding heat increases the energy of
the particle. 5. Cooling it down decreases the amount of kinetic energy and slows the movement
down.
Distinguish between heat and temperature, and explain temperature using the concept of kinetic
energy and the particle model of matter.
Temperature: the average kinetic energy of individual atoms and molecules
Heat Energy: The collection of random molecules in action.
Compare heat transmission in different materials (e.g., conduction of heat in different solids,
absorption of radiant heat by different

Specific Heat In A Car
https://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto–parts/brakes/brake–parts/brake–pads.htm
http://www.sliderbase.com/images/referats/60b/(9).PNG
Found in the painting
Specific heat is found in the painting because the sun is heating everything up but the water is much
cooler than the dirt because it has a higher specific heat.
Connection to friction
Specific heat connects to friction through the specific heat capacity of brake pads in a vehicle.
Firstly, brake pads are a key component to your car because it is what allows you to stop. When you
stomp down on the brake pedal, the brake pads applies pressure and friction to the cars brake rotors
which eventually slows it down to a stop. Because of the speed and the weight of the vehicle, the
brake pads ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water has a different specific heat than copper which has a different specific heat than gold. The
reasoning behind this is the same reason why different substances have different melting and boiling
points. Water for example has a very high specific heat needing 4.186 joule/gram °c to raise 1 gram
by 1 °c. Why does water have such a high specific heat? Well, when something heats up, the
particles vibrate and the more hot the object gets the faster they move. Waters molecules are not
easily movable because of its molecular structure. Water molecules have a strong bond to each other
because of the polarity of the molecule. One side is very positive and the other very negative. It is
difficult to move or break these bonds because the positive is attracted to the negative. So what does
that have to do with specific heat? The answer is that water has such a high specific heat because it
is a polar liquid. hypothetically if water was not so polar it would have a lower specific heat because
the bonds would not be so attracted to each

Heat Movie Analysis
"Don't let yourself get attached to anything you are not willing to walk out on in 30 seconds flat if
you feel the heat around the corner." Robert De Niro's famous line playing the criminal Niel
McCauley sets the tone for Michel Mann's Heat. Mann is able to have high–octane action one would
expect from a crime movie while displaying intimacy in the main characters. The combination of the
two is what makes the film a crime drama (even though Michael Mann argues that it doesn't belong
to a genre). That intimacy is what makes Heat memorable. Mann creates the intimacy in a number of
ways: through types of shots such as close–ups and zoom–ins, the score and the soundtrack, his use
of lighting, camera angles, filming locations and use of shadows among others. The utilization of
close–ups and zoom–ins allows the audience to get to know the characters. It shows the wear and
tear on the characters faces. We can see the pain, the hurt; we're able to feel how tired the characters
are from their deep sighs and the dark circles under their eyes. Michael Mann wants the audience to
become as close to the characters as possible. We are introduced to Al Pacino during a sex scene,
that's about as intimate as the character–to–audience relationship can get. The intimacy is at an all–
time high during the coffee shop scene in which the previously mentioned quote is taken from.
Roger Ebert (1995) stated, "The scene concentrates on the truth of 'Heat', which is that these cops
and robbers need

Specific Heat Lab
This experiment is an attempt to determine the specific heat of a metal object. The experiment is
conducted by first placing two Styrofoam cups inside each other creating a makeshift calorimeter;
then filling said calorimeter with ice water measured at zero ° Celsius. Next, a metal object with a
mass of 30 grams or more is heated for five minutes in boiling water. After reaching the proper
temperature of 100 ° Celsius, the metal is placed in the water. The water is stirred and the
temperature is periodically read. These data points are recorded by the student to use current
chemical formulas to discover the specific heat of the metal used in the experiment.
Out of the three classifications on the periodic table – metals, nonmetals, and metalloids – metals is
the most prominent (Encyclopedia Britannica). Taking up 91 of the 118 elements on the periodic
table, metals are usually lustrous, good conductors, have a high melting point, are highly dense,
malleable, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The specific heat capacity of an object is determined by finding the amount of energy required to
change the temperature of a unit of mass by a temperature change of one degree (The Physics
Classroom); quite important in discovering the varied heat capacities of different metals.
Interestingly, the temperature change in an object is related to the amount of heat the substance
absorbs or releases by the following equation: q=mcΔT (Wile). Where "m" stands for the mass of
the object, "q" is equal to the amount of energy released or absorbed. As well as the specific heat of
the object being shown by "c", and "ΔT" equals the change in temperature. This equation can be
used to find any of the single variables, as long as the other variables are

Radiant Heat
During exercise the body releases a big deal of heat with ranges of 37°c to 40°c. When the
surrounding air is cool, heat can be lost from the body by the process of radiation. (Transfer of heat
by electromagnetic waves), convection (by air movement), conduction (by contact), and evaporation
(by sweating). As the nearby temperature increases it becomes more difficult to lose heat by
radiation, convection, and conduction. Then, the key birthplace of heat loss in very hot conditions is
from the evaporation of sweat on the skin surface. Other than air temperature, both humidity and
radiant heat should be measured before athletes involve in hard training or rivalry in hot weather
conditions. The most frequently used heat index in sport is the WBGT

Heat Capacity Lab Report
This experiment was dealing with the heating of water with different types and sizes of metals. In it
you had to deal with heat capacity. Heat capacity is the amount of heat (normally expressed in
calories, kilocalories, or joules) to raise a substances temperature by one (1) degree (normally
expressed in Celsius or Kelvin). With the answer expressed in units of thermal energy per degree
temperature. With substances having certain specific dimensions you can use to types of heat
capacity, Molar Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity.
Molar Heat Capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the heat, of one (1) mole of a substance,
by one degree Celsius. This is expressed in joules per moles per degrees Celsius (or Kelvin). For
example take ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the amount of heat lost by one substances should be equal to the amount of heat gained by
another substance. This would be very nice when conducting experiments involving temperature.
However, the calorimeter absorbs some of the heat that comes from the reaction. Because of this,
when using a coffee cup calorimeter like in this experiment it must be taken into account that the
data may not be one hundred percent accurate.
The purpose of this experiment was to find the specific heat of zinc (Zn) metal. This was done
performing the experiment. Using a coffee cup calorimeter filled with water you took the
temperature of the water both before and after it was placed into the calorimeter. After taking the
metal out it was massed. And finally calculations were done to find the specific heat of zinc (Zn)
metal.
This may seem like an easy experiment on the outside but their are some terms that may not be
know. First is a joule, a joule is a used by International Standard of Units (SI). It deals with many
different types of energy. Joules also play a role in calories. A calorie (in this case a gram calorie)is
the amount of heat needed to raise one (1) gram of water one (1) degree. One (1) calorie (c) is equal
to 4.1858 joules and one joule is equal to 0.23890

Heat And Cold Therapy
Heat and cold Therapy
Heat and cold therapy are used to treat various injuries. The ice will decrease the blood flow to the
injury area, henceforth decreasing the swelling and inflammation, In order to relive the pain you
would use heat because it will bring blood to the affected area and promote healing to the injured
area. What does heat therapy do? Heat allows the blood vessels to open up, this allows the blood
flow to increase which will supply oxygen and nutrients. This reduce pain in the joints and ease sore
muscles and ligaments as well as the tendons. The warmth also can bring some comfort to muscle
spasms and bring back range of motion. The heat can be applied wet or dry depending

The Heat Stress Of Firefighters
Firefighters are subjected to significant levels of physical exertion, exposure to higher tempera–ture
environments, and smoke during the firefighting activities. The physical exertion includes the ability
to carry heavy loads, for example oxygen tanks, removal of fallen building structures, rescue of a
victim, etc. To be able to work in such inhospitable environments, firefighters wear a protective suit,
which shields them from the high temperatures. However, the protective suit re–stricts the heat
outflow from the human body to its immediate surroundings. A combination of the physical load,
surroundings with higher temperature, and protective suit leads to heat buildup within the human
body. An unchecked increase in body heat will lead ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inability to dissipate the heat is detrimental to the fire–fighter's health and can result in heat–related
illnesses, including heat stroke and may contribute towards sudden cardiac events.
1.2 Computational whole body model
To suitably dissipate the excess body heat, there are two options: 1) use of cooling mech–anisms,
and 2) limiting the duration of the activity, or both. The limit for the duration of activity can be
predicted with the help of algorithms based on experimental data [4], human body simula–tors [5,
6], or computational models [7]. Algorithms are developed based on the average re–sponse of the
human subjects tested in controlled environmental simulators. The variations in the local
environment are limited based on the capacity of the experimental setup. Conversely, using a
computational model includes the advantages of: 1) better manipulation of the human body ge–
ometry, and 2) the possibility to impose and test unfavorable boundary conditions such as expo–sure
to fire. Computational models allow for the integration of the human thermoregulatory sys–tem with
a physiologically realistic geometry to determine the thermal interactions of the model with the
environment. However, the main drawback of the computational models is that their results are
dependent on the quality of input data and boundary conditions. A computational model that
resembles the human body is

Heat Capacity Lab: Metal's Thermal Properties

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Heat Capacity Lab: Metal's Thermal Properties