Supermarkets Are Well Thought Out Establishments

Supermarkets Are Well Thought Out Establishments
Supermarkets are well thought out establishments that a majority of Americans rely on. A certain science contributes to every product, end cap, and
shelf being placed in every store across the entire world. Supermarkets prey upon customers' attractiveness to sales. Extensive research has been
compiled to show what a person will buy and why. Stores tend to place high profit products on end capes. Supermarkets' try to influence customers to
buy the products that will earn the store the most money. There is no coincidence the products we mostly buy are located in the back of the store.
Large stores offer deals and sales on the products they want, so a customer will most likely purchase more. Stores offer thousands of different... Show
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Shortly after reading the title, one can determine Nestle opposes supermarkets. "Prime Real Estate," indicates large supermarkets are feeding
grounds against unsuspecting customers. Supermarkets can determine what somebody will buy based on where the store places certain products.
Stores are merely concerned with profitability and flourish on customer's impulse purchases, prosper on the convenience of the product's placement,
and in fact cause obesity among Americans. Supermarkets are taking advantage of our unconscious mind and we are purchasing products on
impulse. Extensive research concludes that the average customer will stray away from their shopping list and will purchase something on impulse.
70% of buyers bring lists into the store; roughly 10% of shoppers stick to their list (Nestle, 2006, p. 504). When a shopper buys products on an end
shelf; managers have succeeded. Milk, meats, and bread are located towards the back of the store by design. Managers and owners cause customers
to walk past as many products as possible before they pick up the products they went into buy. Certainly, during every shopping experience a customer
will encounter an end cap. To introduce ongoing sales, stores compile extra products at the end of isles. The customer cannot help but notice the
gigantic stockpile of potato chips right in front of them for a
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Supermarket Environment in the UK and Europe
This audit begins with the general analysis of the supermarket environment in the UK and by extension in Europe. All the factors are studied
(Appendix 1) but there will be a particular emphasis on the economical, socio–cultural and technological ones.
– Economical: these factors are so important to the supermarket industry because they can influence the costs and prices but also the demand. It also
includes the economical cycle from growth to decline that affects so much the different industries in the world (Cheverton, 2004). It is crucial to
understand the economical trends as businesses can then plan their next move.
в†’ One of the most important factors for the supermarket industry is the unemployment rate of the country. Indeed, the latest number of BBC news
business (2014) shows that there were 2.33 million unemployed persons in the UK in the three first months of 2014. This factor combined with the
consequences of the 2008 economic crisis heavily affects the demand and then the production of certain products. Following the Euromonitor reports
on European consumption of 2013, consumers are more willing to spend their money on prepared meals, which affect the supermarkets overall sales.
(2013)
в†’ Another important economical factor is the quasi saturation of the supermarket industry in the UK. Between the main four leaders, which areTesco
Plc., Asda Ltd, Sainsbury Plc. and Morrison Supermarket Plc., there are no more competitive possibilities except for hard

Case Analysis
Case Analysis: Reed Supermarkets: A New Wave of Competitor
Introduction & Problem Definition
This case involves a mid–sized, regional grocery store chain called Reed Supermarkets. Reed has 192 retail stores, two regional distribution centers
and 21,000 employees in five states in the Midwest of the United States. This case discusses Reed's market strategy for the Columbus, Ohio, market in
particular, which is one of Reed's largest markets. The Columbus market has grown slightly over the past five years, while Reed's market share has
dwindled slightly in the market. Reed has watched their market share stagnate with the entrance of new competitors (10% growth in stores) and a
dramatic shift in customer preferences to value or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Columbus' median household income is also higher than the state of Ohio's average. Reed's position within in the Columbus is strong. In the past
year, Reed held highest portion of the market at 14%. This market share has declined somewhat over the past five years, but held steady in each of the
past two years.
Internal
Reed Supermarkets started out as a lower–end retailer, but over the past two decades Reed has moved into the high–end in the supermarket business.
They have done this with a combination of exceptional customer service, a full assortment of both standard and high–end products, including bakeries,
meats and seafood. This niche has been very successful and been the diving force in their growth. Unfortunately, as noted above, customer loyalty to a
quality brand has dwindled and been replaced y the need to find the best price. Reed has attempted to combat this by both increasing their high–margin
products (private label and prepared foods) and increasing the number and amount of specials they offer. These tactics have done little to change
customers' perception of Reed as a high–end and high–priced retailer. See Appendix A for a full SWOT analysis on HLL.
Alternative Courses of Action
Reed's executives have put forth three alternatives to increase revenues in the Columbus market. The first is to continue with their

Impact Of Shelf Management On A Supermarket
Impact of shelf management in a supermarket
Supermarkets today across the world have become extremely competitive in nature and the pressure to prop up sales using existing facilities is
increasing. Advertising and point of purchase sales promotion are used widely by supermarkets to get the maximum amount of sales as possible. It
also helps to know that today data is widely available on almost any factor in consideration. Such large data can be used well for analysing and finding
any particular trends that may benefit their stores. In supermarkets, as we can generally see and understand, there is a limited amount of space, large,
medium or small depending upon the type of supermarket in operation. Now the task that store managers have at ... Show more content on
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Research Aim
The primary aim of the research is to assess the impact of product placement on the sales of a product and determine whether there would be any
improvement or decrement in sales as a result of switching shelf space.
Research Objectives
The objectives of the research are to assess if a product placed in one position on the shelves is better than it being placed in another position and to
see if it is better to place the product with any other items which can be thought to help improve the sales. Also, another objective of the research is to
understand whether data analysis can be used to improve the shelf management and whether the inferences from such data analysis for a number of
stores in a single supermarket can be characterized to be standard across the board or whether the output of such analysis should only be used in a
particular store from which data was collected.
Research Questions
This research will concentrate the efforts on answering the below questions:
1.How does shelf management affect the sales of the product? Whether the sales of a product which was already selling well, decrease because of a
shift in the shelf space? Or does the sales of a product which was not selling before improve because of a change in the shelf space?
2.Which position on the shelf space has

Bob's Supermarket In Hanover
Sam Thompson and Bob Thompson were the owners of Bob's Supermarket. They had formed what was known as the sub–chapter–S corporation with
the aim of a supermarket in Indiana specifically Hanover. They tried to expand their firm but failed on more than one occasion, and the arrival of
Wal–mart supermarket greatly affected their sales. By the year 2005, the store of Hanover appeared to be failing, but these two individuals continued to
make additional investments on the store.
The supermarket has carried out an excellent strategic positioning in its channel of distribution. The distribution channel has provided the company
with the leverage of creating a strategic advantage over its rivals.Despite the fact that firms such as Wal–mart tend to have

Supermarket Industry: Kroger and Safeway
Kroger and Safeway belong to the supermarket industry. In the supermarket industry, the business environment is quite competitive. Besides the
traditional grocers, there are now many different types of retailers all fighting to obtain a share of the food wallet. Customers have a huge selection of
where to buy their groceries. Not only do the customers have the choice to pick supermarkets around the neighborhood, they also have the option to
shop at alternative retailers, such as national discount chains and warehouse stores. From an operating perspective, supermarkets are a homogenous
group, meaning similar to each other. Factors that contribute to the differences among thesupermarket are geography and store formats. The
supermarket industry is faced with the challenges of maintaining market share and profits while attempting new strategies and store formats in an
effort of trying to make the store stand out from the other retailers. Major demographic and consumer lifestyle changes have affected not only how
consumers shop but also where they shop. Traditional supermarkets have been in a decline since shoppers now spend less and how frequently they
shop in a particular store. While some supermarket operators continue to attempt to cut costs so they can offer reduced everyday prices, they find this
to be a tough approach when competing with low cost operators like Wal–Mart and Costco.
Besides competition with other retail stores, many super markets face the bargaining power

Swot Analysis Coles Supermarkets
Founded back in 1914 in Victoria by George James Coles, Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd has undoubtedly developed and expanded over the
century since its humble beginning. Starting out its early days as an average retail store selling groceries, Coles has now successfully become a
well–established brand as well as having its name known to the majority of households throughout the nation. Looking at the rapid progress of the
company, Wesfarmers, one of Australia's biggest public company announced its purchase of Coles for 22 billion dollars and officially took control of
the entire group's retail businesses on the 23rd of November 2007, making it the largest successful take–over in the Australian corporate history yet
(Peters, 2007). However, in terms of market share in the industry, Coles comes only in second place with 37 per cent of the $83.7 billion grocery
sector losing out to Woolworths at number one with 43 per cent based on the analysis released (Morgan, 2014). By definition, customer loyalty is the
result of consistently positive emotional experience, physical attribute–based satisfaction and perceived ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Besides, being able to cash in loyalty points at the register with the monetary value ascribed to points being $1 a point and 2000 points buy you
$10 of FlyBuy dollars which can be used to cut the grocery bill alo increases the value of the card . Be that as it may, Coles will have spend tens of
millions of dollars on the loyalty program, sending out new FlyBuys card to virtually every household and embark on an advertising blitz to explain
the new card (Ferguson,

Case Analysis : Patel Supermarket Store
Introduction
When I worked in Patel Supermarket for an around two years in India, the organization has its branches in urban areas of the nation and it is one the
renowned basic need retail mark, the organization has fitting records division, advertising office and IT office, the organization offers a wide mixed
bag of basic need related items both cooked and uncooked alongside a colossal mixed bag of day by day essentials items. What 's more, around then
when I was working there around eighty laborers used to work over yonder in three movements. Also, in the wake of examining this subject when I
backpedaled rationally in my working history then I understood that I have seen such occurrences in past which are identified with two speculations all
through my employment in Patel Supermarket
Selected issues and related them to a precise theory
First issue
Really, Patel Supermarket store was financed by eleven financial specialists and a speculators ' percentage were additionally running their comparative
stores in different urban communities of the nation. All things considered each speculator was enthusiastic to have a more noteworthy level of income
on contributed capital while the store 's supervisor needed to verify that the business is continuing in smooth layer, he was not hazard taking individual,
and I would clarify this issue in light Agency theory.
Second issue: while the second issues which I saw there was interest of laborers for expanding their pay, indeed

Coles Supermarkets Case Study
Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd, trading as Coles, is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Wesfarmers.Coles provides fresh food, groceries,
general merchandise, liquor, fuel and financial services to more than 21 million customers on average each week through its store network and online
platform. Coles is constantly exploring and investing in important environmental projects and partnerships to reduce environmental impacts. Coles is
constantly improving efficiencies within their supply chain, reducing greenhouse gas emissions across their businesses, and focusing on waste
reduction and recycling. Coles measures and reports their emissions, energy use and waste on a regular basis, and seek out ways to minimize the
impact of their operations on the environment .Coles also contributes to many charities and organization to give back to the society. Coles

The Supermarket : Prime Real Estate
We have all been to a supermarket or store at some point in our lives. Have we found ourselves placing items in the cart that we did not come to buy,
and why is that? Is there a reason the products we need are located in the back of the store? Marion Nestle wrote an article entitled, "The Supermarket:
Prime Real Estate." She teaches in the department of nutrition and food studies at New York University. Nestle writes a column regarding food for the
San Francisco Chronicle. Shortly after reading the title, one can determine Nestle opposes supermarkets. "Prime Real Estate," indicates that large
supermarkets are feeding grounds for them against unsuspecting customers. Supermarkets can determine what somebody will buy, based on where the
store places certain products. The general argument made by Nestle in her work, "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate, is that supermarkets are taking
advantage of our unconscious mind and we are purchasing products on impulse.
Extensive research concludes that the average customer will stray away from their shopping list and will purchase something on impulse. 70% of
buyers bring lists into the store, roughly 10% of shoppers stick to their list. Managers have succeeded when a shopper buys what is on the end shelf
or on sale. It is by design that milk, meats, and bread is located towards the back of the store. Managers and owners cause customers to walk past as
many products as possible before they pick up the products they went in

The Supermarket : Prime Real Estate Essay
We have all been to a supermarket or store at some point in our lives. Have we found ourselves placing items in the cart that we did not come to
buy? Is there a reason the products we really need are located in the back of the store? This article, "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate," was written
by Marion Nestle. She teaches in the department of nutrition and food studies at New York University. Nestle writes a column regarding food for the
San Francisco Chronicle. Shortly after reading the title, one can determine Nestle opposes supermarkets. "Prime Real Estate," indicates that large
supermarkets are feeding grounds for them against unsuspecting customers. Supermarkets can determine what a person will buy on impulse. The
general argument made by Nestle in her work, "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate, is that supermarkets are taking advantage of our unconscious mind
and we are purchasing products on impulse.
Extensive research concludes that the average person will stray away from their shopping list and will purchase something on impulse. 70% of
buyers bring lists into the store with them, roughly 10% of shoppers stick to their list. Managers have succeeded when a shopper buys what is on
the end shelf or on sale. It is by design that milk, meats, and bread is located towards the back of the store. Managers and owners cause you to walk
past as many products as you can before you get the products you went into buy. At some point in every shopping

Bob's Supermarket: Changes In The Economic Environment
Changes in the economic environment created major challenges for Bob's Supermarket. When the recession hit in about 2008, people began to buckle
down on their spending. This meant that they were pinching pennies wherever they could. For many, this meant buying their needed supplies at various
stores to garner the best deals possible. The larger chain stores; such as Wal–Mart and Kroger could offer lower prices to their customers because they
had purchasing power. Discount stores such as Aldi gained popularity because of their bare bones approach and low prices (Connor, 2014). Chain
stores buy their stock in large quantities and shipped with their own trucks. This gave them a competitive advantage over stores like Bob's because of
the economies... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For years, consumers had been increasing the number of meals that they consumed outside of the home (Connor, n.d.). This limits the amount of
groceries that they purchase, which in turn affects the profits of the grocery industry. Peterson (2014), also reports that the single largest threat to
grocery stores in the early part of this century was the advent of supercenters and warehouse clubs. Connor (n.d.) showed that nearly half of the
residents of Hanover reported that they did most of their shopping in a chain store. These types of stores offered everything under one roof and added
to the convenience of shopping. Another social factor that potentially affected the stores success was the fact that Jefferson county was a rural area
with land that was predominantly used for agricultural purposes (Connor, n.d.). In rural areas, consumers were more likely to grow their own fresh
produce so this type of offering in their stores wouldn't have had a significant impact on the number of shoppers that they could attract. Peterson (2014)
reports that only 35% of consumers say that the availability of fresh produce determines where they will grocery

Swot Analysis : Asda Supermarket
Diversification is a coperate strategy to enter new markets or produce a new product/service which the business does not currently serve in or
produce. Diversification has been classed as a high risk technique (Robert L. Hagan 2004). Asda supermarket is a known company to use this strategy.
Before being bought by Walmart,Asda which wasn't named Asda at the time, diversified back in 1949 to become Associated Dairies & Farms stored
LTD with Arthur Stockoale as managing director. Since 1965 when the Asquith brothers owners of a superstore called 'Queens' joined together with the
managing director's son forming Asda, it has been diversifying through the years bringing its customers new products and services. Asda's main reason
for diversifying is to meet their mission statement & strategy goals which is 'save money, live better'.
Diversification is a widely embraced investment strategy that helps ease the unpredictability of markets for investors (Graham Kenny, 2009). It has the
key benefits of reducing portfolio loss and is particularly important during times of increased uncertainty (Craig L. Israelsen – 2010). Harry Markowisz
(1952) stated that "by investing in more than one stock, an investor can gain in the benefits". Modern Portfolio Theory provides the academic base for
diversifying portfolios. MPT stated that it isn't enough for a company to just rely on the expected risk and return of one particular stock. MPT also
stated that when diversification created value to

Kroger Supermarkets And The Largest Geographic Span
Description of Companies
Kroger supermarkets were started in 1883 by Barney Kroger. Mr. Kroger invested his life savings of $372 to open a grocery store in downtown
Cincinnati. He started his business with the motto: "Be particular. Never sell anything you would not want yourself." Kroger now has over 2,600
stores in 34 states with annual sales of over 108.5 billion. This makes Kroger one of the world 's largest retailers. Kroger supermarkets were the first
to establish their own bakeries "in store." Kroger operates 37 food processing facilities. Kroger has become large enough to develop their own
private label items that account for 26% of their total sales today. Kroger has merged with several companies expanding its range across the United
States. They have merged with companies such as Dillon Companies Inc, Fred Meyer Inc, and Harris Teeter. The merger in 1999 with Fred Meyer
was huge for Kroger simply because Kroger became the market with the largest geographic span. In 1972, Kroger became the first grocery retailer to
use the electronic scanner. They also use QueVision which is a faster checkout program that allows less time at checkout. Unlike Publix, they utilize
the self checkout systems which allow customers to checkout at their convenience. The technology that has been used for many years at Kroger helps
them to strategically set up their stores to maximize sales.. (History of Kroger, 2015.)
Publix supermarkets were started September 6, 1930.

The Supermarket : Prime Real Estate
Whenever I go to Stop & Shop, I tend to take interest in the thousands of products that surround me as I walk down an aisle. The wafting aroma of
freshly baked pastries and the sight of cold soft drinks are just some of the things that trigger my appetite for food. Most often, I find myself buying
more than what I originally planned on. That's exactly what the layout of a supermarket tries to make consumers do. Marion Nestle argues in her
article, "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate", how supermarkets employ clever tactics such as product layout in order to make consumers spend
as much money as possible. She covers fundamental rules that stores employ in order to keep customers in aisles for the longest time, a series of
cognitive studies that stores perform on customers, and examples of how supermarkets encourage customers to buy more product. Overall, Nestle's
insight into how supermarkets manipulate people into spending extra money has made me a more savvy consumer and I feel if more people were
to read her article, then they can avoid some of the supermarket's marketing tactics as well. Nestle writes an article that is relevant to almost all of
her readers because most people shop at supermarkets. Since almost everyone goes grocery shopping, we're bound to be exposed to the supermarket's
many marketing schemes. Coming from a family that goes grocery shopping at least three times a week, I feel that this article will allow me to avoid
some of the supermarket's sneaky

Tactics Of The Supermarket : Prime Real Estate
Tactics On A Daily Basis Ever walk into a store with a defined list, but still get other items you never intended to get? Well, in Marion Nestle's
article "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate," Nestle goes into detail about how the supermarkets in your daily life uses many tricks to get you to
buy items and spend money. Nestle claims that supermarkets and their managers study habits of shoppers to gain the control using certain tactics.
According to Nestle, "This research tells food retailers how to lay out the stores, where to put specific products, how to position products on
shelves, and lastly how to set prices and advertise products" (Nestle 498). Some tactics that Marion Nestle mention are product location, music, and
even item size. During the course of my paper I will convince you that these tactics are in fact real and bring more to your attention. Us consumers
have to stick together and this is the first step. The first tactic that comes to mind is sale papers. Sale papers are everywhere: at the store when you
first walk in, when you're leaving the store and lastly even in your mailbox. Sale papers to supermarkets and their managers is the first way that they
get consumers to think about and even enter the store. When looking at a sale papers there are many things to notice that are to grab your attention
and get you into the store buying items. The first is which words are bigger than others, which colors are used, and lastly how big the picture of the item

The Uk Supermarkets Industry For The Market
Executive Summary
The objective of this report is to analyse the UK supermarkets industry for John Lewis in order to seek their competitive advantage in the market. This
report is to be presented to the Board of Directors of John Lewis Partnership.
"John Lewis has definitely replaced M&S as the darling of the British high street, M&S is still the more predominant – it has more stores and more
shoppers – but when you look at new routes to market like online and mobile John Lewis is light years ahead." said retail analyst Neil Saunders of
Conlumino, 2015
In order to conduct a thorough analysis of John Lewis and to discuss its competitive advantage in the market, both macro and microenvironments were
evaluated. The report starts with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John Lewis currently brings together three divisions, John Lewis the department store, Waitrose the food shops, and Partnership services which are
behind the scenes and control the running of the services. John Spedan Lewis, the son carried on the business after Lewis's demise. It was him that
initiated the idea of sharing its profits to its employees. This practice is one of the reasons that even in today's financial crisis, John Lewis is still one
of the market leaders.
Just like every other successful company John Lewis also has a mission statement. It allows the company to highlight their values and provide a brief
summary. Their strategy is to keep their employees or 'partners' satisfied so business continues to improve and succeed. This is noticeable as one takes
a stroll through a John Lewis retail stores and takes in the strong atmosphere of staff passionately explaining to customers about their products. (Full
mission statement can be found in appendix 1). Their strategy is based on three independent objectives – partners, customers, and profit.
Internal Analysis
In order to conduct internal analysis of John Lewis Partnership, value chain analysis appears to be the most useful, it was used by Michael porter
(1985). It is used to analyse activities performed by the business. It helps to maximise value

Final Project On Supermarket Checkout
Milestone 3: 10–3 Final Project
On
Supermarket Checkout
Under the guidance of
Dr. Aziz Bahha Southern New Hampshire University Submitted By
Aparna Singh
Contents
Section – 14
Background4
Objective5
Key performance measures5
Key decision variables5
Simulation scope5
Operations Assumptions6
System Description6
Supporting Diagrams and Photos8
Special logic or other considerations to be included9
Conceptual model/Object Flow Diagram (OFD)9
Simulation Implementation12
Section 212
Units of Measure15
Abbreviations and Acronyms15
Modeling Simplifications/Assumptions15
Flow items15
Fixed Resources–basic properties16
Fixed resources –labels19

Fixed Resources –Operation details19 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simulation software used: FlexSim Software Version: 7.1.4 (64–bit)
Part I
Problem Definition
Background
Most common place where people go on daily basis to buy the necessity household items and groceries is supermarket. Supermarket is large form of
conventional grocery store with variety of packed and unpacked food item with other necessity household products organized onto aisles. The general
concept of my project is that customer who goes to the supermarket by the items and comes out when billing is done. We have seen huge queue at the
checkout counters. Supermarket is having 8 checkout counters having one employee at each checkout counter doing scanning, billing and packing the
things before handling to the customer. In our FlexSim models we have shown the steps that customers get the items and then queue to get it billed and
then exit when billing is done. Other is lookers customer, who does not buy anything but go out without billing process. Simulation is used to test
different alternatives to find the better results.
Objective
The main objective is to increase the maximum profit by increasing the number of customer that comes into the super market and finish their process.
There is long queue of customer at checkout. One operator is doing all process so it's taking longer time. Some of the checkout counters is closed due
to lack of operators. Customers with the few items also have to wait for long to come for it turns. Increase the

The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate Summary
In the article, "The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate," written by Marion Nestle, a food studies teacher at New York University, informs us on
how supermarkets manipulate us into buying their products. We as buyers are unaware of the brilliant tactics supermarkets use in order for us to
make impulse buys, yet they want to blame it on us. "There are precise reasons why milk is at the back of the store and the center aisles are so
long," (Nestle 497) by doing this you are forced to look at all the products, therefore you'll end up buying something you unplanned on buying in the
first place. There are reasons why small packages cost more than the larger packages of food, Nestle states, "If you buy more, you are quite likely to eat
more" (Nestle

Bob's Supermarket
In the case study, Bob's Supermarket was a small, family–owned grocer. Many of Bob's potential customers relied heavily on discount retailers such as
Wal–Mart for their grocery needs, and many of those that did not shop at Wal–Mart shopped at Kroger or Aldi (Parnell, 2014). These competitors are
large, well–resourced companies that have purchasing and distribution economies of scale. Unable to compete on price, Bob's struggled to find any
type of competitive advantage. Bob's did experience some level of success with its fresh–cut meat and ready–to–eat food products. However, economic
conditions had the potential to make consumers more price sensitive. Political, legal, and economic forces all coalesced into a rise in the federally
enforced

A Brief Note On The Uk Supermarket Industry
This report will be conducted as follow, first a brief introduction of the analysed industry; the UK supermarket industry with a concise facts about the
size of this industry in the UK, then analysing the macro environment of the UK supermarket industry by using the PEST framework that analyses the
Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors, which has a direct impact on the UK supermarket industry. After that the micro environment of
the UK supermarket industry will be analysed in depth by using the Porters Five Forces framework, which consist of the following aspects; Threat of
the new entrants, Bargaining power of suppliers, Bargaining power of buyers, Threat of substitutes and the Existing competitors. Finally, summarising
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 1: Market value of the UK supermarket industry from 2007 to 2017
The above graph illustrates the importance and the market value growth of the UK supermarket industry for a 10 years period starting from 2007 with
133,6 billion pound until the predicted market value for 2017 with a value of 192,6 billion pound, with a staggering growth percentage of 44,16%
throughout the last 10 years.
2. PEST Analysis
2.1. Political
There are many political factors that can affect not only the supermarket industry in the UK but any kind of business in the UK, those issues can be
summarised in the following factors:
The possibility of UK leaving the European Union
One of the main recent political factors that will have a big impact on the UK supermarket industry is the possibility of UK leaving the European
Union that might becomes a definitive decision after the June 2016 election. This decision might change the entire UK supermarket industry
operations because of the big number of goods that have been imported from the European Union with a free tax because of the European Union free
zone trade. Therefore, the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union will cause a big rise in the prices of the imported products and materials
from the European Union, as a result of the increase of the import tax that was zero when the UK used to follow the European Union regulations.
Government regulations and initials

Popularity Of Chain Supermarkets Are Monopolizing The Market
1.How would you describe your knowledge of proliferation of chain supermarkets?
The rate of proliferation of chain supermarkets is very fast and the number of branches increased rapidly.
2.Do you think chain supermarkets are monopolizing the market? If so, in what ways?
Chain supermarkets are absolutely monopolizing the market. Chain supermarkets own nearly all of the market and many small–sized grocery stores
have to wind up their business as the turnover is insufficient for the expenditure. Other small–sized enterprises like fruit stores also suffer hard in the
sluggish competition with chain supermarkets and the income is reduced. A barrier is formed for others to enter the retail industry and the space for
small–sized enterprises to survive in the market is very small.
3What do you think are the differences of a grocery stall and a chain supermarket? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The development capacity of the chain supermarkets is obviously higher. The turnover rate of a small–sized enterprises, like my grocery shop is far
lower than that of chain supermarkets. In terms of the business mode, chain supermarkets can provide more discounts for the consumers but due to the
limited capital, grocery shops cannot follow suit. Thus, most consumers would tends to shop in a chain supermarkets instead of grocery shops,
especially during the discount period. Although both the staff of the grocery stores and the staff of the chain supermarkets would chat with the
customers, I think the hospitality and human touch in small–sized enterprises is still higher. Established customers like to purchase in my grocery stall
and chat with me. They have been supporting my business for a long

Supermarkets Culture Analysis : Supermarkets
Supermarkets Culture Analysis
Introduction
There are several layers to evaluate when it comes to conducting a culture analysis. Therefore, conducting a cultural analysis was very difficult,
especially while attempting to decipher assumptions based on limited interactions and depending mostly on observations. The end goal of
supermarkets is to obviously sell their products, but besides the obvious, there are some clearly visible cultural differences among the three
supermarkets that were culturally analyzed. The reason for analyzing supermarkets was because of the fact that they are more of a necessity for
survival than mostly any other business. Supermarkets provide a vital role by providing readily available food sources for communities. The interesting
thing is that the supermarket business is very competitive due to the abundance of them. Although, all three operated similarly to each other, there were
some noticeable differences in their culture. Northgate, Sprouts, and the main San Diego military Commissary were analyzed. Deciphering the unique
organizational cultures was taken from a customer perspective. Cultural differences were in the form of store artifacts, communication methods, internal
communications, external communications, and the overall feel of the stores. Altogether, these are the things that really differentiated all three
supermarkets.
Northgate Supermarket Northgate supermarket is a Hispanic themed grocery story. Originated in Los Angeles,

Essay on Supermarket and Sam Walton
Wal–Mart is a US–based multinational corporation. Critically discuss the likely costs and benefits of its takeover of Asda, a UK–based company.
When a company decides that it is time for it to grow from a national into a multinational company (MNC) there are cost and benefits involved. A
multinational corporation is a company that has productive assets, which they own and control in countries other than their own. An MNC is unlike an
enterprise, which exports products and services, but the MNC directly invests into developing countries, where it can benefit from producing products
at a lower cost, while increasing its market share. Whether this has a positive or a negative impact for the company and its host state, is dependent on the
The parent company's, Wal–Mart' strategy involved opening up non–food sales areas for its clothing brands, 'George'. This lead to an increase in profit
of 25% in non–food sales, which was unachievable by their competitors due to the shortage of space on their premises. As well as clothing Asda has
started to expand into services such as pharmacy, holiday, optical and car rental services at very competitive rates never offered previously on the UK
market. With high expectations for the following year Asda focused on increasing their discount clothing line even targeting Matalan to have a higher
turnover. However they fell short of hitting their target twice in the same year, which was a 'wake–up call' for Wal–Mart showing that a different
strategy will be needed and not everything that works in the US will work in other countries.
The company was experiencing problems with other host countries like Germany where they were faced with cross–cultural and communicational
issues, also the customer approach was not appropriate to its consumers. A more serious matter with the German labour laws and legislations they found
themselves having a run in with the German trade union movement who forced the company to join an employers association. This was another lesson
learned by Wal–Mart in how different

Project Proposal For Lotus Supermarket Essay
This project proposal is to help Lotus Supermarket to identify what consumers satisfaction and their needs when going to their business site.
Lotus Supermarket is Mt Roskill's huge registered Supermarket. It was established on 18 September 2011 by the owner, Director is Gurmeet Kaur.
There are so many categories of their products ranges from everyday need of consumers as number one commodities. Lotus Supermarket is also
producer and supplier of different kinds of food from, meat, eggs, cheese, beverages all that everyone needs in their daily lives.
The main clients of this supermarket are Indians and my main position is to keep the records of the clients who come to buy things; Checkout
operators take the survey of the clients and I put all the data on computer. Though Kiwis also do their groceries in this store, especially those nearby in
this area.
I believe that the research that I will be doing is relevant because it can help the store owner, and the employees as well in identifying the needs of their
consumers. Although as I can see it, this business is already establish yet, it needs improvement of some of their aspects in the business.
The requirements used for the presentation of this study will be indicated through research imposed by our school, the methodology of NZIE for
students of Level 7 in International Marketing.
The survey sample will be mentioned during the work as well as references and results.
SCOPE:
The administrations of the association are such

Market Analysis : Hi Value Supermarkets
INTRODUCTION
In 1975, Hi–Value Supermarkets became a division of Hall Consolidated, a privately owned wholesale and retail food distributor. In 2002, Hi–Value
had sales of $192.2 million, which was the smallest out of the three supermarket chains owned by Hall Consolidated. Although Hi–Value is considered
small against industry standards, they were the number one or two ranked supermarket chain in each of its trade markets measured through market
share. The primary problem that Hi–Value has developed is that they are the highest priced compared to the competitors within the region. The
Hi–Value Supermarket Shopper Interview Results (Exhibit 7 in case) demonstrates this through the question "Liked most about other regular store," the
most popular answer across the board was "Price." So what is Hi–Value supposed to do?
With Hi–Value Supermarkets being ranked competitively within the industry, the consideration of implementing a low
–pricing strategy has to be
examined. Hi–Value Supermarkets is facing an imperative decision; should the company implement "Everyday low–pricing" into their sales model, or
would it be a better decision to continue as is? By determining the proper course of action, the implications on Hi–Value's brand image and positioning
could potentially be altered.
CURRENT SITUATION
Hi–Value Supermarket is coined as being the most convenient and accessible supermarket as compared to its three major competitors. These major
competitors include: Harrison's,

Superior Supermarkets
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Superior Supermarkets (SS) must decide whether or not to pursue an everyday low pricing (ELP) strategy at its three Centralia MO locations.
Strategic Issues & Marketing Mix
Pricing: Current prices are reflective of a high–end branding strategy. SS everyday (non–promotional) prices are approximately 10% higher than
Harrison (Hr) and about 7 percent higher than Grand American (GA) and Missouri Mart (MM). Subsequently, higher prices have become a
competitive concern due to their declining market share in Centralia. The negative growth rate, based on 1995 to 2002 figures from Figure 2, is –0.53%.
Product line: SS are supermarket stores. The stores' products may be divided into 5 categories: 1) grocery (including ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Customer: The median age of the Centralia population was 35 years; the median household income was $36,000; and 80% of residents had a high
school education or more.
Expectations/Minimal Threshold to purchase: Reasonable prices, convenience, quality produce/meat, overall variety of foods (taken from Exhibit 6);
products must be consistently available and reasonable customer service is expected.
Market size= 41000 residents or 13,500 households (US Consensus 2000).
Competition: Main competitors with market share (%) and growth rates, respectively, include:
GA –13%, –6.36%, MM –27%, 0.97%, Hr –22%, 11.82%, and other stores –15%, –3.50%. The four main stores (SS, GA, MM, Hr) accounted for 85%
of all food sales in Centralia.
Size: GA has 1 store 39,800sq. ft, Hr has 1 store 50,000sq. ft, MM has 1 store 120,000sq. ft. There are a total of 148 supermarkets operating in Centralia.
Strategy: MM is the food sales volume leader of Centralia and offers more general merchandise, accounting for 60% of its floor space. Hr captures the
business of most of the middle– and upper–income groups in Centralia with annual incomes in excess of $40,000. The store focuses on ELP and is
considered clean, orderly, attractive and well–managed. GA is considered the most modern store in Centralia and has the finest fixtures and dГ©cor –its
wide aisles make it relatively easy to shop.
Competitor's strengths: Increased floor space, attractive

Reed Supermarket Case Study
JOHN A. QUELCH CAROLE CARLSON
Reed Supermarkets:
A New Wave of Competitors
At 4:30 p.m. on December 6, 2010, Meredith Collins, VP of Marketing for Reed Supermarkets, walked down the sidewalk of the 10–store strip mall
that housed Reed's Westgate Plaza branch in Columbus, Ohio. Collins didn't shop; instead she took mental notes about store traffic, first at the Reed
store and then at an indirect but increasingly worrisome kind of competitor–a dollar store. The Reed was predictably well lit and inviting, and Collins
could see three registers open and two or three customers in line at each. "Not too bad" she thought, "but not what I would hope for at this time of day,
this close to the holidays." She'd felt the same way at two other Reeds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Reed had started as a lower–end retailer 80 years ago, it had continually expanded and upgraded its stores, adding new departments and
expanding higher–margin offerings like prepared foods and flowers. For two decades, Reed stores had been considered high–end in the supermarket
business. In addition to a full assortment of standard groceries, baked goods, meats, seafood, paper goods, and health and beauty items and a
pharmacy, a typical Reed's featured a vast case of mostly fresh seafood, including live lobsters and crabs; imported packaged goods ranging from 27
kinds of mustard to three different brands of snails; and an array of 20 different prepared entrees available for takeaway. The chain was well–known
for the quality of its produce and its emphasis on organic produce. Reed also differentiated itself by offering attractive stores, long hours, elegant (and
often creative) serving–case displays, and exceptionally attentive customer service. The checkout clerks wore distinctive red aprons, greeters offered
free cookies to customers on the weekend, high staffing levels ensured short checkout times, and runners shuttled bags to customers' cars–no tipping,
please.
The Columbus Market
The Columbus, Ohio, market was relatively stable, but Reed had experienced modest share declines in the past–which was why Collins had taken a
week away from the home office to eyeball shopping centers there. The Columbus metropolitan area, where 25 Reed stores were located, was

Market Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector
INTRODUCTION:
Second part of this report will evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how
oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise.
2.0FINDINGS:
Market structures:
Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfect
competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. The characteristics of the product or service and the number of suppliers determine
the market structure. This report will mainly focus on oligopoly market structure.
What is perfect competition?
In perfect competition market structure there are no barriers to entry into or exit out of the industry and companies produce identical units of output
that are not branded. By looking at these two key features, it can be determined that UK supermarkets are not operating in that market structure.
What is monopolistic competition?
Many small companies operate in monopolistic competition market structure, including independently owned and operated high–street stores and
restaurants. In the case of
These are the firms that differentiate their product or services, making them unique but in the end are all competing for the same customers, for
example hairdressers or restaurants.
What is monopoly?
A monopoly is a type of market

Supermarket Abortion
Direction:
"What makes the supermarket congestion even worse is that shoppers are taking longer and longer to decide what they want to buy, because every
product in America now comes in an insane number of styles and sizes."
Direction:
The functions of an effective topic sentence include telling the general topic of the paragraph and making a specific point about the topic (Arlov,
2008, p. 30). The topic sentence that was selected above definitely fulfills the functions of an effective topic sentence. For example, the general topic of
the paragraph (supermarket congestion) as well as the things which contribute to supermarket congestion like the variety of sizes in which products are
package in.
Support:
In the paragraph that I chose, the author

Safeway Supermarket Consumer Behavior Audit
Safeway Supermarket Consumer behavior audit
1. Introduction Safeway Supermarket is a highly popular chain of supermarket stores, located in the United States and Canada through more than 1,600
stores. The first store was created in 1915 and its business model revolved around the creation of customer value, through the maintenance of a low
profitability margin. Today, the same model drives the operations of the SafewaySupermarket chain and ensures the success of the company (Website
of Subway Supermarkets, 2012). Today however, the market conditions have changed dramatically, and the sustained success of the supermarket chain
depends directly on a multitude of forces, one of the more important of them being the satisfaction of the customers. In such a setting then, the current
project sets out to conduct an audit of the customer behavior and, as such, generate valuable information to further support the future decision making
process at the organization.
2. Consumer behavior audit The audit of the customer can generically be conducted through a multitude of methods, each one selected due to its ability
to best serve the scopes of the commenced effort. At this level, the audit of the customers would be completed through a combination ofmarketing
tools, namely segmentation, positioning and the marketing mix product, price, place and promotions (Net MBA, 2010). Finally, a conclusion would be
drawn relative to the overall level of customer satisfaction.
2.1. Market

Superior Supermarkets
Running Head: Superior Supermarkets Superior Supermarkets Davenport University MKTG 610 Date Case Synopsis A quarterly review by Hall
Consolidated is scheduled to discuss performance in District III. District III includes fifteen Superior Supermarkets located in Centralia, Missouri. The
district manager for these stores, Randall Johnson, has requested that these three locations implement an everyday low pricing strategy since these
stores are the highest priced supermarkets in the Centralia market. His is concerned that because of increasing consumer price consciousness, they
may lose market share. Centralia store's sales have been below budget for the last quarter of 2002 and this first quarter of 2003. Still, operating margins
484–495). Harrison's was remodeled in 1999 and allots fifteen percent of its footage to a large assortment of general merchandise. They have
captured most of the middle and upper income groups with annual incomes of over $40,000. Harrison's is well managed, orderly, clean, and
attractive with a balanced variety of groceries, meats, and produce. Their promotional theme is "Save on the Total," focusing on everyday low prices.
Customers perceive Harrison to have the best overall prices, the best quality, and best variety of meat and produce (Kerin & Peterson, 1998/2010,
pp. 484–495). Centralia's Superior Supermarkets Each of Superior's Centralia stores is older than their major competitors. Each is anchored in a
strip mall, owned by Hall Consolidated, which also house a drug store plus two or three other shops. Sales have steadily increased since 2000 and
operate with a 28.8 percent gross margin, higher than industry average of 26.4 percent. Below is a breakdown of sales and gross margins for all three
stores in Centralia (Kerin & Peterson, 1998/2010, pp. 484–495). (Kerin & Peterson, 1998/2010, pp. 484–495) Corporate believes that
although Superior offers a more limited variety of merchandise than its competitors, they carry a higher quality product particularly in grocery and fresh
produce. However, consumer acceptance of their fresh meat, poultry, and seafood

Case Study Of Joyce's Supermarket
'Joyce's Supermarket is an independent family run business based in Co. Galway that provides friendly consumer and personal services to the local
areas.' (Joyce's Supermarket, 2014) Joyce's was first established in the town of Headford in the year 1951 when Patrick C Joyce opened his doors to a
small grocery store along with a travelling shop, which then developed into a supermarket in the coming years. Joyce's now provides the local people
of Headford, Knocknacarra, Athenry, Tuam and now Inverin with their services. By expanding their stores across Co.Galway it meets the needs of its
customers by locating their stores in convenient locations for those that are too far to travel to Galway city to do their shopping. Having recently opened
(Bhasin, 2011) As the company itself doesn't produce a physical product the process of producing the service may be identified as the product or
value creator. In the case of Joyce's Supermarket its main value creator is in buying a variety of different products and making them easily accessible
to its customers.
Price: As outlined above, given the firm itself doesn't produce a tangible product the pricing of its service is dependent on various factors such as the
price of raw materials, overhead costs as well as factoring in a profit margin to make the company profitable. In this case Joyce's maintains a low cost
strategy by maintaining a strong relationship with its suppliers and accepting a low profit margin.
Place: Joyce's has 5 main outlets all within the region of Galway which are located as follows, Athenry, Headford, Inverin, Knocknacarra and Tuam.
The choice of location is one of the company's key strengths as it cleverly positions itself in accessible areas near to its target market. As well as
making its supermarket in close proximity to its main target market the company attempts to maintain a storewide policy of cleanliness in an attempt to
entice more

Supermarket Power
THE NATURE OF SUPERMARKET POWER ON THE HIGH STREET AND BEYOND
INTRODUCTION
In this essay I will be outlining the nature of supermarket power and how it affects competing retailers and the impact this has on us as consumers. I
will do this by drawing heavily on the learning materials provided to underpin the factors involved.
WHAT ISSUPERMARKET POWER?
It is useful to describe what is meant by the term supermarket power. In the last twenty years, supermarkets have played a pivotal role in redefining our
shopping habits. This is due to many factors like convenience, freedom of choice and value for money but it is also down to the economic domination
of supermarkets themselves.
The big 4 (Asdas, Morrisons, Tesco and Sainsburys) control... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
this can mean that the effect of this consumer saving are enjoyed at the expense of others, with the manufacturers and suppliers taking the hit. This
once again brings up the notion of the buying power of the supermarkets creating disparity and using their influence to establish their dominance on the
market.
THE PRO SUPERMARKET ARGUMENT
Consumers want value for money, and who can blame them? This is surely a pre requisite in our economic climate.' The pro–supermarket lobby states
that supermarkets use, not abuse, their economic size for the benefit of communities and consumers, suppliers and workers, alike'.(Allen, 2009, p69)
While this claim is valid, it is important to remember that there may be a degree of corporate spin involved here.
It is obvious that large supermarket new builds provide vital social and economic regeneration in areas that have experienced unemployment . It is
also fair to say due to these large retailers market power, the consumer is in a stronger position, with access to a wider range of products at lower
prices. (Allen,2009).This arguably eludes to a positive– sum game scenario as a result of these factors.
CONCLUSION
It is difficult to see how a balance can be achieved and a sense of parity for the local shops and high street stores maintained, within the last few years
we have seen many established retailers go into administration. These were sizable

The Grocery And Supermarket Industry
Executive Summary The grocery and supermarket industry is a highly competitive and congested industry. In the face of serious obstacles, Trader
Joe's has managed to separate itself from its closest competitors within the industry. This case study aims to explain how Trader Joes has created its
competitive advantage as well to examine the company's future prospects. We will do this through analysis of four key factors related to the success
of the company; Trader Joe's external environment, the generic strategies used by TJ's and its competitors, sources of the company's competitive
advantages, and TJ's strategies going forward. Analysis of the external environment suggests a fierce rivalry between Trader Joe's and its competitors.
This rivalry is brought on by the high bargaining power of buyers and high threat of new entrants into the market, both of which put pressure on
companies to maintain low prices and provide high–quality products. Grocery provider strategies weigh heavily on Trader Joe's ability to maintain a
strong cost margin as most members of the industry struggle to capture enough gross profit to survive. Trader Joe's has managed to distance itself the
majority of its competitors, who are forced to sell bargain products, by establishing itself as a differentiation–focused competitor. Trader Joe's value
chain is unique for its industry. TJ's defies the industry standards of buying supplies from middlemen, offering coupons,

Giant Supermarket Case Analysis
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This paper is a company analysis on Giant Hypermarket Malaysia in general, but specifically focusing on Giant Hypermarket Sabah. Giant
Hypermarket is a major supermarket and retailer chain in Malaysia. It is a subsidiary of Dairy Farm International Holdings (DFI) and is headquartered
in Shah Alam, Selagor. In this paper, firstly we focus our analysis in identifying the Strength–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats (SWOT) of Giant; in
addition, we constructed a SWOT Matrix for Giant where we identified the SO, ST, WO and WT strategies, which we think Giant should apply to
improve their competitiveness. Next we focus our analysis on the external as well as the internal analysis on Giant. In the external analysis, we center
our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Giant store brand was founded by the Teng family as a simple grocery store in one of the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur in 1944. Its mission was to
offer a wide variety of products at the lowest possible prices. As its reputation grew, so did its business.
Dairy Farm, which acquired Giant in 1999, recognized that the key to Giant's success had been its ability to continuously offer value for money
products. It retained this core principle even as it began transforming Giant into a national and international brand.
After six years of effort, which included redesigning the stores, the introduction of the non–food products into the Giant hypermarkets, the
implementation of international retail standards that includes safety, cleanliness, structured training, and a vibrant shopping environment as well as
centralized buying functions and improved operations, Dairy Farm has made Giant the undisputed leader in Malaysia's retail sector.
In 1999, the first Giant Hypermarket store opened in Shah Alam, Selangor. By 2007, the company had grown to operate a total of 85 hypermarkets
/ supermarkets in Malaysia with outlet size ranging from the 350,000 sq. ft hypermarket in Shah Alam to the 11,000 sq. ftsupermarket in Bangsar,
Kuala Lumpur. The chain also includes 7 stores in Singapore and 15 hypermarkets in Indonesia. Giant hypermarkets offer a wide range of local
merchandise, such as fresh local fruits, vegetables, and seafood within a wet market environment.

The Nature of Services in Retail Supermarkets Essay
The Nature of Services in Retail Supermarkets
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.............................................................................................Page 3
Industry..................................................................................................Page 3
Market overview.........................................................................................Page 3
Changes in market place and trends in consumer behaviour..........................................Page 4
Strengths, Challenges, Opportunities and weaknesses................................................Page 4
Marketing Theory.....................................................................................Page 6
Marketing Mix & Extended 7 P's......................................................................Page 6
Practical and Managerial Implications.............................................................Page 7
Service Profit Chain......................................................................................Page 7
Managing Service Differentiation........................................................................Page 7
Extended service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to outlining such aspects of the retailing industry, theory of the marketing mix and the extended services mix will be applied to the industry
to draw a better understanding of the key roles of marketing to large supermarket chains like Woolworths and Coles. Furthermore, by acknowledging
past results and findings of industry reports and marketing theories, practical and managerial implications will be made to further analyse and
contribute to the facilitation of the retail industry's marketing strategies as consumer markets are in a constant state of flux. At the end of this report, a
conclusion will be drawn, summarising the various findings.
INDUSTRY
Overview of the market: size of the market, brand leaders,
Competitive set, changes in the market place, trends in consumer behavior
Influencing the market, opportunities, challenges, strengths, weaknesses The grocery retail industry worldwide has grown in recent years to become
one of the most intensely competitive industries due to the continuous amounts of new entrants. A grocery retailer is one that sells food and other
general household items. Hypermarkets, supermarkets, discounters and small grocery retailers are all under the grocery retail umbrella. Between 2003

and 2008, the grocery retailing industry accounted for 45% of store–based retail values sales over the world. The figures

Uk Supermarket
1.0 INTRODUCTION "Today's strange, new business world needs an augmented model of industry and market analysis that reflects recent
developments in industry dynamics, such as globalization, entrepreneurship, technological advances and the internet" (Slater & Olson, 2002).
2.0 PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL FOR UKSUPERMARKET INDUSTRY Supermarkets' performance is reliant on consumer's income and their
willingness to spend. The growing consumer pressure to drive value, quality and taste requires companies with strong management teams to understand
the market trends in the industry of which this had led to constant competition among firms in the industry. This rivalry is based on firms in the
industry battling to win the highest market share in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the recession hit in 2007, more power has shifted into the hands of buyers as
supermarkets like Tesco offering the biggest discounts in the UK and Sainsbury 's offering of substitute products too (Mintel, 2010). This shows the
responsiveness and flexibility towards consumer needs in the supermarket industry.
2.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Substitutes do not entirely replace existing products but may introduce new technology or reduce the costs of
producing the same product (Porter, 1980). Substitutes may limit the profits in an industry by keeping their prices down (Porter, 1980). The threat of
substitution is quite high in this industry because consumers are able to substitute to other major retailers, convenience stores, niche product outlets,
restaurants, bakeries, butchers and farmers (Coriolis Research, 2004). Supermarkets like Tesco andASDA have a range of products and services that
have close substitutes, effecting price elasticity of demand because the market is sensitive to price (IBISWorld). The demand for a particular brand or
retailer will increase or decrease concurrent to the movement of price in comparison to its competition (IBISWorld). The UK supermarkets are always
trying to increase the quality of products and services resulting in a constant need to differentiate products and services from competition to make them
less price sensitive.
2.4 BARGAINING POWER

Italian Supermarkets Compare And Contrast
When people think about food shopping in Italy the first thing that comes to mind is the corner shops, fruit and vegetable vendors, and the small town
butchers, but that is not realistic. In reality, most families do most of their shopping at the local supermarket. Even though Italian supermarkets can
compare to the ones in the States, there are some key differences. Depending on where the supermarket is located will depend the style of the store.
Once located in a city are very different, but the ones in the suburbs are much more similar.
Italian supermarkets in city centers tend to be small, which makes maneuvering the isle with shopping carts difficult. For this reason, most people
use baskets instead to make the process easier. In a supermarket in the suburbs carts are available and more readily used, but they require a Euro
deposit to make sure the cart is returned properly. The small city grocery stores also have a very unique layout. They are styled very similar to
how Ikea does it. This means that you have to pass through almost every aisle before you can make your way to the check out. This is due to the
fact that the locations in city centers are very small and this allows for the best use of the space. The supermarkets in the suburbs are set up very
similar to how they are in the United States with multiple isles and a main aisle in the middle. So in terms of similarities and difference in the layout it
depends on where the supermarket is located. For this reason,

Supermarkets Are Well Thought Out Establishments

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