This document discusses several potential applications for lignin, which is a complex polymer found in plant cell walls. It can be used to produce activated carbon, binders, carbon fibers, phenolic compounds, plastic materials, sorbents, and motor fuel. Activated carbon made from lignin can be used to clean emissions. It has potential as a binder and in carbon fibers as a replacement for oil-based fibers. Lignin can also produce phenol for use in chemicals. It is already used to some extent in plastics and sorbents. While lignin has many potential uses, commercial breakthroughs have been limited.

1. Activated Carbon – Activated carbon can be
made from many different sour-ces, out of
which lignin is one. It is used in a wide range of
applications, e.g. cleaning of environmentally
hazardousemissionstoairandwater.
Binders – Research and small-scale
implementationexistonusinglignin asabinder.
Carbon Fibers – Carbon fibers from lignin have
attracted great interest in recent years as they
have the potential to replace oil-based carbon
fibers in materials that are strong and light for
applications suchaslaptopsandaircrafts.
Motor Fuel – To use lignin for production of
motorfueliscurrentlyattractingmuchinterest.
Many actorsare workingwiththe issue,butthe
application is not of central interest to the
LigniMatch partnerstodate.
Phenol– Due toitscomplexstructure,lignincan
be usedtoderive phenoliccompoundsforuseas
buildingblocksinawiderange ofchemicals.
Plasticmaterials– Lignincanbe usedtoproduce
plastic materials. Small scale implementation
alreadyexistsine.g.theelectronicsindustryand
in concept cars. Lignin-based polymers are
mainly used in combination with petroleum-
based materials, e.g. to increase the
biodegradability of the plastics. Although the
idea of using lignin for plastics has been in the
loop for many years, no commercial
breakthroughhasyetbeenrecognized.
Sorbents – Lignin can be the basis of bio-
sorbents for water and soil purifica-tion.
Medical enterosorbents can be synthesized
from hydrolysis lignin for e.g sequestration of
bile acids, andhave existedonalimitedmarket.
Lignin based ion-exchangers show high
sorption capacity towards heavy metals suchas
Cu,CdandPb
MARA COLLEGE KUALA NERANG (KMKN)
FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE UniKL
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP)
The member of research
1. Auni Farhanah Binti Abdul Gafar
2. Humaira Hamdi Binti Mohd Najib Hamdi

2. Orchard 1 (%) Leaf
1
2
3
Orchard 2 (%) Leaf
1
2
3
3. Nur Farra Najwa Binti Abdul Azim
4. Norliana Binti Zabidi
The lignocellulosic biomass, which represents
thelargestrenewable
reservoir of potentially fermentable
carbohydrates on earth, is mostlywastedin the
form of pre-harvest and post-harvest
agricultural losses and wastes of food
processingindustries.
Lignocellulosic wastes such as oil palm trunk
wastes contain cellulose, hemicelluloses and
lignin. Cellulose inthese wastesisvery usefulin
many industrial purposes especially in
productionofbioethanol.
Lignin is a constituent of the cellwallsofalmost
all dry land plantcellwalls.Itisthe secondmost
abundant natural polymer in the world,
surpassedonlybycellulose.
Of the polymers found in plant cell walls,lignin
is the only one that isnotcomposed of
carbohydrate (sugar)monomers.
Malaysia is one of the countries in Asia that
practicedagriculture asoneof
itsmajorindustriesofeconomicimportance.
Hencetherearealotofplantations
in Malaysia especially oilpalmtree andMalaysia
is one of the palm oil producers around the
world.
Oil palm tree will start bearing fruits after 30
months of field planting and willcontinue tobe
productive for the next 20 to 30 years, thus
ensuringaconsistentsupplyofoils.
After about 30 years, all of the palmtree willbe
felled and the trunks will be disposed. Aside
from just disposing it, there will be a lot of
advantages if it is processed and used in many
industrialuses.
This is because oil palm trunk is one of the
hardwoods that rich in cellulose composition
whichknownaslignocellulosic biomass.

3. Leaf
0
0.5
1
Orchard 1Orchard 2
0.715
0.356
0.829
0.473
W1 (%) Analysis Of Extraction
Leaf
Frond
Leaf0
20
40
Orchard 1Orchard 2
10.143
25.052
5.235
11.675
W3 (%) Analysis Of Lignin
Leaf
Frond