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Foundations of Individual Behavior

1
Paddling against the tide...
Human Behavior
• Behavior means to react or act in a specified
way.
• It is something that the individual does which
may be measurable and observable.

Within an
Individual
External Environment
S – R Model of Human Behavior

Individual
Stimulus

•A stimulus is an agent which
may directly have an impact on
the individual
•May be internal or external

Response
Modified version of S-R Model
Stimulus
(Input)
Sensation
Receiving Info
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k

Perception
Core cognitive process
Decision Making

Action Taking

Response
(Output)

O
r
g
a
n
i
s
m
Biographic
al
Characteris
tics

Ability

Learning

• Age
• Gender
• Marital Status
• Tenure
• Religion
• Sexual orientation
and Gender Identity

• Intellectual
Abilities
• Physical Abilities

• Theories of
Learning
7
Biographical Characteristics
Productivity

Absenteeism

Turnover

Job Satisfaction

Age

Unrelated,
Inverse
relationship

Based on
Avoidable &
Unavoidable
Absents

Less
Turnover

Evidence is
mixed

Gender

No significant
difference

Wm have
higher rates

No major
differences

No significant
evidence

Marital Status
(Married ees)

Not enough
studies

Fewer Absences Undergo less
turnover

More satisfied

Tenure

+ ve relation
b/w seniority &
prod

Negatively
Related

Positively
Related

Longer the
tenure lower
the turnover

8
Biographical Characteristics
• Some other biographical characteristics
– Reservations
– Religion
– Sexual Orientation
Ability
• Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to
perform the various tasks in a job.
• It is a current assessment of what one can do.

Physical
Ability

Intellectual
Ability
Ability
Ability refers to an
individual’s capacity to
perform the various
tasks in a job

Intellectual abilities
are those needed to
perform mental
activities

Physical Abilities: The
capacity to do tasks
demanding stamina,
dexterity, strengths and
similar characteristics

•Number aptitude
•Verbal Comprehension
•Perceptual speed
•Inductive and Deductive
Reasoning
•Spatial Visualization
•Memory

•Strength factors
Dynamic,
Trunk, Static,
Explosive
•Flexibility Factors
Extent and
Dynamic
•Other Factors
Body
Coordination,
Balance,
Stamina
12
Intellectual Ability
Physical Ability
Self Study

Ways to combat individual differences
Organisational behaviour 2

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Organisational behaviour 2

  • 3. Human Behavior • Behavior means to react or act in a specified way. • It is something that the individual does which may be measurable and observable. Within an Individual External Environment
  • 4. S – R Model of Human Behavior Individual Stimulus •A stimulus is an agent which may directly have an impact on the individual •May be internal or external Response
  • 5. Modified version of S-R Model Stimulus (Input) Sensation Receiving Info F e e d b a c k Perception Core cognitive process Decision Making Action Taking Response (Output) O r g a n i s m
  • 6.
  • 7. Biographic al Characteris tics Ability Learning • Age • Gender • Marital Status • Tenure • Religion • Sexual orientation and Gender Identity • Intellectual Abilities • Physical Abilities • Theories of Learning 7
  • 8. Biographical Characteristics Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Job Satisfaction Age Unrelated, Inverse relationship Based on Avoidable & Unavoidable Absents Less Turnover Evidence is mixed Gender No significant difference Wm have higher rates No major differences No significant evidence Marital Status (Married ees) Not enough studies Fewer Absences Undergo less turnover More satisfied Tenure + ve relation b/w seniority & prod Negatively Related Positively Related Longer the tenure lower the turnover 8
  • 9. Biographical Characteristics • Some other biographical characteristics – Reservations – Religion – Sexual Orientation
  • 10.
  • 11. Ability • Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. • It is a current assessment of what one can do. Physical Ability Intellectual Ability
  • 12. Ability Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job Intellectual abilities are those needed to perform mental activities Physical Abilities: The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strengths and similar characteristics •Number aptitude •Verbal Comprehension •Perceptual speed •Inductive and Deductive Reasoning •Spatial Visualization •Memory •Strength factors Dynamic, Trunk, Static, Explosive •Flexibility Factors Extent and Dynamic •Other Factors Body Coordination, Balance, Stamina 12
  • 15. Self Study Ways to combat individual differences