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Individual Factors in Social Ecological Model of Physical Fitness
- 1. Social Ecological Model: The Individual Group A
- 2. Motivation for Physical Fitness Interests Needs Desires Internal & External Factors Accessibility to Resources Perceived Barriers
- 4. Individual Personal factors that may influence an individual’s behaviors and choices in physical activity, as well as, increase or decrease their likelihood of being physically active.
- 5. The Individual component is often seen as the most powerful, due to the fact that forms of intrapersonal behaviors and constraints are psychological in nature.
- 6. Individual Factors Age Sex Family situations Level of Education Socio-economic Status Skills Abilities Disabilities Injuries Knowledge Attitudes Behaviors Beliefs Perceived Barriers Motivation Enjoyment Appeal Self-Efficacy
- 7. • Low-self esteem • Poor body image • Influence of children • Upbringing • Previous experiences • Feeling self-conscious • Inability to set goals • Lack of appeal of the activity • Socio-economic status Individual Constraints
- 8. Knowledge Attitudes Behaviors Beliefs Perceived Barriers Motivation Enjoyment Appeal Self-Efficacy Age Sex Family situations Level of Education Socio-economic Status Skills Abilities Disabilities Injuries What Can We Impact?
- 9. “Confidence in personal ability to carry out behavior that influences the direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior” Self-Efficacy • As self-efficacy improves, physical activity increases • People who believe they can succeed, will be more include to be persistent in their physical activity goals
- 13. Sources Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Sallis, J. F., Dunn, A. L., Birnbaum, A. S., Welk, G. J., . . . Jobe, J. B. (2005). Self- Management Strategies Mediate Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(1), 10-18. Minkel, K. V. (2010). The Physical Activity Patterns and Constraints of Diverse Female College Students (Master's Thesis). University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Retrieved from: http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1720&context=thesesdissertations Victorian Curriculum and Assesment Authority (VCAA, 2001). Social-Ecological Model. 3, 1–8. Retrieved from: https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F %2Fwww.vcaa.vic.edu.au %2FDocuments%2Fvce%2Fphysicaledu %2Fsocialecologicalmodelandphysicalactivity.doc
Editor's Notes
- Determining the behaviors and motivations behind physical activities are extremely complex and are often difficult to identify. Some of these elements include interests Needs Desires Internal & external factors Accessibility to resources and Perceived barriers
- To better understand the complexity surrounding physical activity motivation, researchers developed the social-ecological model. The use of this model helps explore individual characteristics and how they play into one another.
- At the center of this model is the individual component. This is defined by the personal factors that may influence an individual’s behaviors and choices in physical activity, as well as, increase or decrease their likelihood of being physically active.
- The Individual component is often seen as the most powerful, due to the fact that forms of intrapersonal behaviors and constraints are psychological in nature.
- The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority suggests that there are a vast number of factors that can influence an individual and their physical activity behaviors.
- Factors of the individual component can help identify constraints within the individual. These often include: Low-self esteem Poor body image Influence of children Upbringing Previous experiences Feeling self-conscious Inability to set goals Lack of appeal of the activity Socio-economic status As you probably noticed, the majority of these constraints relate to the individual’s perceptions. Once overcome, the individual will have a more positive outlook on their abilities which can alter their overall desire to be physically active.
- As Dr. Kanters mentioned in our lecture this week, we need to focus on the opportunities to make an impact in order to strengthen these perceptions. For example, there isn’t much to be done about someone’s age or gender. The most successful strategies which bring change at the individual level tend to focus on changing an individual’s skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
- A primary factor within the individual component it self-efficacy. This is loosely defined as, "confidence in personal ability to carry out behavior that influences the direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior.” It is believed that as self-efficacy improves, physical activity increases because individuals dedicate themselves to being more physically active. In addition, people who believe they can succeed or have successfully negotiated a previous attempt will be more inclined to be persistent in their physical activity tasks and goals.
- By identifying factors and barriers related to individual physical activity participation, we can effectively design intervention strategies and evaluations to fit personal needs and goals. The social-economic model can aid in developing individual intervention techniques that “focus on changing an individual’s skills, knowledge, attitude, and behavior”
- Intervention strategies can include support groups, educational programs, counseling to improve individual perceptions, incentives targeting the individual, and mass media to create awareness and influence living a more active lifestyle.
- Overall, the social-economic model acknowledges that individual level interventions are vital in achieving substantial changes in behaviors, motivations, and perceptions for physical activity participation