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Lecture 10 energy efficient design
- 1. Prepared by Dr. Nedhal Al-Tamimi Arch. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering Najran University, KSA naaltamimi@nu.edu.sa Energy Efficient Design Lecture No. 10 Climatic Design AE 353-2
- 2. Scope of Presentation 1. Background 2. Energy Scenario in the KSA 3. Energy Efficient Design ▪ Architectural design /Site planning ▪ Lighting design ▪ Water system design ▪ Energy management and control design ▪ HVAC design 4. Summary
- 3. Criteria effects NEW architectural design Studies have shown that buildings and construction activities are responsible of: ▪ 40% energy consumption ▪ 72% Electricity generated ▪ 35% of mineral resources ▪ 20% water consumption ▪ It also accounts for 40% CO2 emissions ▪ 30% solid wastes Section 1 Background
- 4. Criteria effects NEW architectural design Technical revolution & IT المستدامة العمارة Sustainable Architecture البيئية العمارة Environmental Architecture الخضراء العمارة Green Architecture المؤتمتة العمارة Automated Architecture االفتراضية العمارة Virtual Architecture الذكية العمارة Intelligent/Smart Architecture Environmental impact Energy consumption Section 1 Background المباني في الطاقة كفأة Energy Efficient Buildings المباني الطاقة صفرية Net-Zero Energy Building
- 6. Breakdown of Energy Consumption with regards to Climate Zones Section 2 Energy Scenario in the KSA ▪ Electrical energy consumption per capita in the KSA increased from 6.11 MWh in 2004 to 9.41 MWh in 2014. This consumption is considerably higher than the world average of 3.030 MWh/capita in 2014. ▪ The ratio of residential electrical consumption is about 50%, which is also high compared with the worldwide average of less than 29%.
- 7. Variables Effecting Energy Efficient Design Section 3 Energy Efficient Design Energy Efficient Design HVAC design Lighting design Architectural design /Site planning Energy management and control design Water system design
- 8. Mostadam Criteria The roles in the Mostadam for Residential Buildings‘ certification variables to be assessed. Section 2 Energy Scenario in the KSA
- 9. Section 2 Energy Scenario in the KSA Energy Benchmarks in MUSTADAM (Saudi green rating tool)
- 10. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Architectural design & Site planning Bioclimatic architectural principles • Orientation • Thermal mass • Surface to volume ratio • Positioning of windows, shading • Selection of materials for wall, roof, windows, including insulation • Landscaping Buildings in hot climate… • Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall insulation • Lower surface to volume, lighter finishes, water as landscape element Buildings in cold climate… • Large windows to capture sun • Thermal mass to store heat • Minimum Shading • Insulated walls and windows • Darker finishes Effect of efficient materials • Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23% • Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio 7%) Use onsite sources • Day lighting • Natural Ventilation(night cooling) Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 11. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Architectural design & Site planning Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 12. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Lighting Design • Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazing limit associated solar gains. • Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces. • Minimize site lighting where possible • High-reflectance surfaces • Full cutoff-luminaries • Low-angle spotlights Section 3 Energy Efficient Design Full cutoff-luminaries Low-angle spotlights
- 13. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Lighting Design Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 14. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Water System design Landscaping & Water use reduction Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over a theoretical baseline design for the specific region. Successful Strategies: • Drought tolerant plants • Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies • Recycled rainwater system Section 3 Energy Efficient Design Drought tolerant plants Drip irrigation moisture-sensing irrigation technologies
- 15. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Water System design Landscaping & Water use reduction Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% Reduction Successful Strategies: • Dual flush water closets • Waterless taps • Sensor-operated • Rainwater collection reuse systems • Gray water reuse systems Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 16. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Energy management system Photovoltaic • Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons when exposed to light resulting in power generation. • Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use. • Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment. • solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 17. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Energy management system Sustainability at Site • Replace asphalt with concrete where possible • Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks. • Water tanks • Vegetated filter strips • Vegetated/Green Roofs • Energy Star rated roofing systems • High reflectivity coatings Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 18. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with “conditioned “ air . "Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odour-free, and the temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges • Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an entire campus of buildings • Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the building Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 19. What should Architectural Engineers DO in: Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning • Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate. • Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, and bio-gas energy technologies Section 3 Energy Efficient Design
- 20. Ideal Scenario for Energy Efficient Design Section 4 Summary
- 21. Building Simulation Tools Next Lecture 11 1. The Importance of Simulation 2. Type of computer simulations 3. Understand What a Model Is 4. Climate Consultent6 5. DesignBuilder (Sun Tool – weather data) 6. Advantages and Disadvantages of simulation
- 22. Climatic Design Thank You Dr. Nedhal Al-Tamimi AE 353-2