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Hemija r1 kiseline_i_baze_jacina_kiselina_i_baza
- 2. MONOPROTONSKA KISELINA
HA + H2O ↔ A- + H3O+
K1 B2 B1 K2
Primenom ZDM
[H3O+][ A-]
Kc = -------------
[H2O] [HA]
Kc*[H2O] = Ka
[H3O+][ A-]
Ka = ------------- - konstanta protolize kiseline
[HA] (kiselinska konstanta)
- 3. JAČINA KISELINA
HClO4 > HClO3 > HClO
HClO4 > H2SO4 > HNO3 > H3PO4 > H2CO3 > H3BO3,
H4SiO4 > H3AlO3 = Al(OH)3
- 4. Podela kiselina po jačini
Vrlo slabe Ka ≤ 10-7 mol/dm3 (H2S, HCN, H3BO3)
Slabe 10-7 ≤ Ka ≤ 10-2 mol/dm3 ( CH3COOH, H2CO3, H3PO4)
Jake 10-2 ≤ Ka ≤ 103 mol/dm3 (HCl, H2SO4)
Vrlo jake Ka > 103 mol/dm3 (HClO4)
- 5. PROTOLIZA BAZE
B + H2O ↔ BH+ + OH-
B1 K2 K1 B2
[BH+][ OH-]
Kb = ----------------- - konstanta protolize baze
[B] (bazna konstanta)