This document describes a study on estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of signals using a conformal antenna array and the MUSIC algorithm. A seven-element conformal antenna array is designed using microstrip patch antennas mounted on a truncated hexagonal pyramid structure. The MUSIC algorithm is derived for this conformal antenna array to estimate the DOA. Simulation software will be used to analyze the antenna array's performance parameters like bandwidth, return loss, gain, and radiation patterns. The goal is to improve the estimation accuracy of the DOA compared to previous techniques that did not consider the directivity of conformal antenna elements.

1. UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:
Smt M. SUNITHA (Ph.D.)
Assistant Professor
Department Of ECE
BATCH (C-16):
R.BALAJI NAIK(Y19EC154)
ESTIMATION OF DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL IN
CONFORMALARRAY ANTENNA USING MUSIC
ALGORITHM

2. CONTENTS:
Abstract
Introduction
Objectives
Proposed Antenna Design
Algorithm
Expected Results
References

3. ABSTRACT:
In radio communication and avionics, a conformal antenna or conformal array is a flat
array antenna which is designed to conform or follow some prescribed shape. It consists of
multiple individual antennas mounted on or in the curved surface which work together as a
single antenna to transmit or receive radio waves.
The direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of a conformal antenna array with directive
elements is studied in this communication.
Various parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, bandwidth, gain, VSWR,
directivity, efficiency can be determined. The optimized antenna design and results are
presented by using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software.
The two-dimension MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is derived for a
conformal antenna array by using the active directive radiation patterns of the array
elements.

4. m
INTRODUCTION:
 The direction finding is a major research field in the signal processing which has
connections to a wide range of electronic systems in the civil and military applications.
 The direction of arrival (DOA) of an electromagnetic emitting source is estimated from
the signals induced at a set of electromagnetic sensors which form an antenna array.
 The DOA estimation performance of an array strongly depends on the number and
locations of the array elements.
 In this communication, a conformal antenna array is considered to achieve precise DOA
estimation performance.
 The MUSIC is used as a well-known criterion to evaluate the designed antenna array
performance in the DOA estimation.

5. Cont…
 For this purpose, the CRLB formulation is derived for a general directive conformal
antenna array structure to improve the estimation accuracy which has not been
considered previously.
 A seven-patch conformal antenna array is designed to demonstrate the idea. In this
array, the six patches are placed on the sides while the one is placed on the top of a
truncated hexagonal pyramid.
 The microstrip patch antenna is used here due to its low complexity and high flexibility
in the conformal structures.
 The proposed microstrip patch antenna element is shown in figure which is printed on
Rt/Duroid 5880 substrate with 30 mil thickness and relative permittivity of εr = 3.55.

6. OBJECTIVE:
 The main objective of this paper is the estimation of Direction of Arrival (DoA) using
MUSIC algorithm.
 In order to improve the parameters like gain, bandwidth, VSWR, return losses,
directivity, and radiation pattern of a proposed truncated hexagonal pyramid antenna.

7. MUSIC ALGORITHM:
MUSIC stands for MUltiple SIgnal Classification.
Estimates set of constant parameters [from parameters measurements] upon which the
received signals depend.
Thus, MUSIC algorithm used for frequency estimation.
It estimates the frequency content of a signal or autocorrelation matrix using Eigen space
method.

8. EXPECTED RESULTS:
The MUSIC formulations for a conformal antenna array with directive elements were
investigated which proved the effect of antenna radiation patterns in the DOA estimation
rather than the Cramer Rao Lower Bound.
By using simulation software we will find the following parameters of the designed
antenna:
 Bandwidth
 Return loss
 VSWR
 Gain
 Radiation patterns

9. REERENCES:
[1] Sirous Mohammadi, Armin Ghani, and Seyed Hassan Sedighy
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 66, NO. 1.
[2] Alfred P, Divakar M, Gowtham S, and Ramesh S
“Conformal Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications”, Volume: 62, Issue: 4,

10. THANK YOU