The Critical Concern Of Immigration

The Critical Concern Of Immigration
For this project I tackled the critical concern of immigration. Immigration has been a concern of the sisters for a while now and I wanted to learn
more about what has been happening behind the scenes to help those who are brought into this country illegally. The topic I focused on the most
was how migrant workers in Maine are treated and how they are being paid and if there is housing provided for the worker while they are here
working. I wanted to mainly focus on the blueberry harvesting industries in Maine mostly because I live next to four of them and see these
workers every summer rake blueberries on hot summer days. I wanted to research and find out how much these workers make, where and if they
are housed, and how they deal with these hot summer conditions. While I was creating this project I learned a lot about the blueberry harvesting
industry that I didn't know. According to the Bangor Daily News that of 2013 the Department of Labor is trying to improve the benefits for migrant
workers as well as living conditions and any federal support that is offered. Every blueberry field owner is required to offer free housing to their
workers while they are there raking and the benefits they are trying to improve include food stamps, child care, health care, and legal aid. Improving
these benefits will draw more labor migrants into the work force. Those applying for these benefits have to go through government organization
agencies where the workers are temporarily housed
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Taking a Look at Refugees
The definition of a refugee is a person who had to leave their country to get away from war, persecution or natural disasters. They have a fear of
persecution for reasons of race, membership, political opinion, religion or nationality. There are also internally displaced people who are termed as
refugees but are not saved by the legislation protecting refugees because they have not crossed their country's border.
There are different types of refugees. There are climate refugees who had to leave because of the severe weather in their area, there are economic
refugees who were forced to leave as result of no jobs or ways to gain income, there are religious refugees who had to flee from there country
because they were persecuted for what they believed in, there are political refugees who had to leave because of their opinion of the politics in their
country. There are war refugees who fled their country because of the ongoing wars in that country. There are refugees who had to flee from their
country because of too many natural disasters in that country.
There are different factors that will make people flee their countries and become refugees. And these factors will be according to the type of refugee
they are. War refugees: fled because of continuous war. Economic refugees: fled because of no money or job opportunities. Climate refugees: fled
because of the severe weather and climate change. Religious refugees: fled because of being persecuted for their religion.

Introduction . The Formation Of A Nation-State Has Created
Introduction
The formation of a nation–state has created binary categories of those who belong (citizens) and those who do not belong ('aliens') to the state.
Complex socio–economic and geopolitical boundaries including territorial boundaries divide the citizens from 'aliens', and the state exercises sovereign
power to protect the privileges of the former (Hayter, 2004). On the other hand, forced displacement is counterproductive to the notion of the state as a
selective 'container' (Koser, 2003). For various reasons, states, policymakers, international bodies, institutions and local governors put displaced people
into categories such as refugees, economic migrants, returnees, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and others (Reed, 2012). ... Show more content on
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In doing so, the essay synthesises a range of migration and international relations literature.
Evolution of the international refugee protection regime
In the aftermath of the WWII and the beginning of the Cold War tensions, the UNHCR began its mandate of addressing the issues of refugees as
defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention with thirty–three staff and a $30,000 budget (Feller, 2001:131). Reflecting post–colonial European hegemonic
structure and ignoring the upheavals of decolonisation in the 'Third World,' geographic and temporal limitations were embedded within the
definition of a refugee. The convention recognises persons displaced before the first of January 1951 within the European geographical region
(Nygh, 2000 and Loescher et al., 2008). Thus, the mandate of the UNHCR was apparently limited to the protection of refugees displaced before the
drafting of the 1951 Geneva Convention and only within Europe. At this time, because of the strategic aims of the Cold War period and demand for
labour, "refugees were welcomed noncitizens in many [European] countries" (Feller, 2001:129). In other words, the refugee regime was designed to
provide geopolitical and economic responses to mass displacement due to Nazism and communism. After more than a decade and a half of this
Eurocentric approach, the geographic and temporal limitations of the 1951 Geneva Convention were lifted by the 1967 protocol (Betts, 2010). By
removing the

Homelessness And Conflicts: A Case Study
Introduction Currently, more than half of deaths in conflict areas are among civilians; it has been shown to cause higher mortality compared to any
other major disease (1). Unfortunately, conflict has further reaches than just mortality. For instance, conflict draws away resources from areas such as
health or education, often has many human rights violations, and it can demolish the environment. On a more personal level, conflict has negative
impacts on the civilians' health. Civilians are often forced to flee their homes and be displaced in another, less conflict–ridden areas in their own
country; these people would now be called internally displaces person's (IDP). Being surrounded by conflict has its own health implications, but being
taken from home and put... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another study found that experiencing torture while living in a conflict striven zone was correlated with higher reports of PTSD and depression in
adults (13). As with children, adult civilians living in a war stricken area experience trauma or forced displacement higher rates of PTSD and
depression (3,14). In fact, a survey of 799 adults in postwar Afghanistan reported that depression, anxiety and PTSD had a prevalence of 67.7%, 72.2%
and 42%, respectively (15). Another study found that nearly half of adults in Afghanistan reported experiencing traumatic events, with the number of
traumatic events experienced positively correlating with more mental health symptoms (16). Similar trends have been shown in adults in Cambodia
(17,18), Chechnya (19,20), Israel (21), Lebanon (22) and many other conflict ridden countries (23,24). Children and adults experience severe negative
mental health outcomes due to conflict and internal displacement, but living in these areas often comes with negative physical consequences as

Burundi Genocide
A person who is outside of their national country with the fear of being persecuted based on a specific reason given by their country is referred to as
a refugee. Persecution can occur if their country does not agree on their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or the membership of a certain
social group. An internally displaced person (IDP) is a person who has not crossed an international border in order for them to find refuge. Both
groups of people are similar because in both cases there are people who are running away from their own country or land. They could both be running
from an issue, law, or belief that they may not agree with and can be victimized for such beliefs. The difference between a refugee and an internally
displaced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only has the IRC stepped in to help these refugees but also UNHCR has partnered with the governments of Tanzania to help Burundi. From 1993
to 2000, Tanzania has been host to almost 1.5 million refugees (Thomas 2009). The fact that there are so many refugees in Tanzania can have many
economical effects. The goods and infrastructure will have to be shared between the citizens and the refugees that flee there. Although Tanzania camps
are already getting full with so many refugees, the IRC are helping by identifying unaccompanied children and providing them with care and
counseling to those who have survived sexual violence (Tanzania 2015). There are also allowing these refugee people to stay in mass shelters,
churches, and

War Child By Emmanuel Jal
Political strife has been always present on an international scale with surges of civil war due to government overthrow, sending nations into unrest.
Although not common recently, the ideology of recruiting child soldiers still remains, and the lasting effects on the children are traumatizing. From
witnessing the carnage of constant bombshells erupting in the distance to whole families being executed, the images are etched deep into their minds,
haunting them even after they are discharged from the armies. Although putting an immediate end to child soldiers is unrealistic, the United States
should aid in creating and training members of war–affected countries to run long–lasting Rehabilitation centers due to the unqualified and ineffective
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This led to "occasional dangerous physical assaults on one another or even staff at the school" (United States, National). When reintegrated into normal
society without treatment, the child soldiers reverted back to their only way of living, which was in the brain–washed state of constant warfare. Even
when medically checked over, the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital wrote them off as "possessed demons", failing to recognize the implications of
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder. Outdated and ineffective programs brush aside the traumas of war and write them off as mentally deranged, which
would further isolate the once child soldiers from society and cause them to deal with the repercussions of PTSD, depression, anxiety, etc. alone. This
is why the United States should set up rehabilitation centers, allowing the large percentage of child soldiers to find solace and return to normalcy,
preventing from slipping back into the travesties of war and to not pose a threat to society. Furthermore, the lack of proper rehabilitation or care
programs post–war will also reflect the state of the nations. After the catastrophes of war have subsided, the affected areas are left in not only physical
ruin, but also mental and emotional ruin. Child soldiers, who have been separated from their families, are stuck between not knowing if their other
family members were

Progration And Justice : Migration, Justice, And Social...
If you ask people to define social justice you're going to have different definitions based on a variety of factors, like religious background, political
orientation, and social philosophy.
However, in general social justice is a distribution of wealth, privileges and opportunities, within a community. Unfair social justice has been practiced
in our country. One of the most common social justice issue now is immigration and refugee, as we all know migration is a humane characteristic of
moving from one place to another in search of a better life or escape from a bad situation. This demographic characteristic of the right of movement
has been universally recognized for more than a quarter of a century in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
What makes it harder and sorrowful is when someone lose everything, a homeland, family, friends and comes out humiliated and broken without any
shelter. If we imagine what happened to these refugees, we are subjected to humiliation, and cruelty. This situation requires that all human societies that
have experienced crises through history or their actual age should take a firm and rapid position in containing and supporting them in providing a place
where they are honored.
My concerns about migration and refugee social justice divided into simple parts: the fear of the word refugee and social inequality, access to
education, and civil rights. My editorial targeted to all political leaders and law framers in the United States.
War, human rights abuses, underdevelopment, climate change and natural disasters are driving people to leave their homes in ever greater numbers
since reliable data have been available to us. More than 60 million people – half of them children have fled violence or persecution and are now
refugees and internally displaced persons. They are joined by another 225 million migrants who left their countries in search of better opportunities or
just to survive. In fact, those people were proud of their homes, were proud of their position in society, and very often well educated, so why people
are afraid from refugees and immigrants? Why refugee are considering strangers, treated without respect and unwelcomed?. Well, this problem in
constantly

The Coming Anarchy, by Robert D. Kaplan
Robert D. Kaplan's article "The Coming Anarchy," is best summarized by the following quote, which identifies the different factors that he evaluates
throughout his article, "To understand the events of the next fifty years, then, one must understand environmental scarcity, cultural and racial clash,
geographic destiny, and the transformation of war." (Kaplan, 1994) This is the framework that he uses to make his supporting arguments and thus this
summary will be broken down into these four main parts. One of the major points that Kaplan makes and he focuses on heavily in the beginning of
the article is how environmental scarcity plays an impact on people's decisions. There is a finite amount of natural resources in the world for people...
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As we have seen recently within Egypt and Libya it's the Generation Z that are the ones who are most connected and spurring these social changes
that Kaplan had predicted uncannily. Even though both these countries had a substantially large standing army the shear size of those involved
within the revolt minimized any significant advantage that those in control had. Even though many within our culture have access to technology on
a daily basis it is greatly unavailable to the majority of the world especially in those areas that are the most affected by these cultural clashes. As
technology becomes more readily available expect social change to stem from online engagement in which people will be able to rally behind
anonymity to push social change forward. Geographic destiny as laid out by Kaplan is going to play a major part in the change of the traditional
political map. We can many examples of this as front–page news involving the conflict between Palestine and Israel as well as the Shiite and Sunni
conflict. Like we discussed in class the political map rarely follows any cultural groupings but instead is deceptive in that without extreme nationalism
there is little keeping the populace of a country in place. We see many internally displaced people fleeing from conflict or

Roosevelt Four Freedom Ceremony Analysis
For about 40,000 people including women who were sexually abused by the rebel forces were then treated by a man named Doctor Denis Mukwege,
he has run funding communities for this sexual violence act to end for the safety of his country. His main focus for his work is to treat for those in
need and to end gang rape as a war weapon in his country. Greetings everyone, I am grateful to have the opportunity to represent why Doctor Denis
Mukwege is worthy enough to have this Nobel Peace Prize.
As Dr. Mukwege mentions in his speech at the Roosevelt Four Freedom Ceremony, "It is time to engage men and boys, with women and girls, in the
struggle to end patriarchal discrimination and gender–based abuses. It is time to draw a red line against rape as a weapon of war, as a weapon of
oppression. It is time to unite and act together for our common humanity, towards freedom from want globally." Dr. Mukwege mentions about how
rape is used as a war weapon in his country and want the best for it to stop. This proves that Dr. Mukwege will do anything for his country's safety
and is worthy of the Nobel Peace Prize. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mukwege wants the men and women of his country to participate in ending the struggle of gender–based abused in his country, in every hour 48
women are then raped in Congo, Dr. Mukwege's home country. He is doing his best for his country's safety; this is why Dr Mukwege wants the men
and women of his country to contribute in his own community for this sexual violence to end. He is not just referring to his country but everywhere
else in the world, he wants and we want this sexual violence act to end immediately for the country's

The Refugees Crisis : The Causes Of The Refugee Crisis
Refugee crisis can refer to large groups of displaced human beings, who could be either internally displaced persons, refugees or other migrants, the
incidents in their country of origin, or to problems while on the move, or it can refer to problems in the hosting countries after arrival involving large
groups of displaced persons, asylum seekers or exiles. In June 2015 the United Nations refugee agency reported that wars and persecutions are the
main reasons behind the refugee crises all over the world. A decade earlier, six people were forced to leave their homes every 60 seconds, but this
average has increased four times because of the wars that drive 24 people from their homes each minute in 2015.
According to the UN Refugee agency, we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common reason human beings become refugees is persecution that may take on many forms: religious, national, social, racial, or political.
With regards to religious refugees in the united states, the split among Christians and Muslims is even.
According to pew, 46% of refugees in 2016 who came to the USA have been Muslim and
Joseph Ndabu
44% Christian; 10% had been other, along with Hindus, Buddhists, and Jews. Round the world, nonsecular refugees are everywhere: from Muslims
persecuted in Myanmar to
Christians inside the Central African Republic to Hindus in Pakistan. Another supply of refugees is conflict and war, most of history's refugees have
been the direct or indirect manufactured from battle. Presently, the largest group of refugees within the world are fleeing civil struggle in Syria, which
has been raging since 2011 and has killed 400,000
Syrians and displaced 6. Three million internally. Another five million have left the country entirely. But earlier than Syria, refugees fled wars in Iraq
and Afghanistan in droves in the early nineteen–eighties, ninety's, and Two–Thousands. Afghanistan had the largest number of refugees of any country
inside the world for more than two decades between 1981 and 2013, before being overtaken by Syria that year. This past June,
France became the first country to accept a homosexual Chechen refugee – a monumental decision that had worldwide reverberations. The UNHCR

Who Is A Refugee?
In his article Who is a Refugee?, Shacknove (1985) attempts to define what it means to be an actual "refugee." Shacknove (1985) begins by presenting
the UN and the OAU's distinctly varying definitions of who a refugee is and what circumstances constitute refugee status. More specifically, the
universally accepted concept of refugeehood, according to the OAU, entails a severed bond between state and citizen. Moreover, when this relationship
ceases to exist, persecution and alienation follows, which stems the flow of basic needs and, in turn, pushes the citizen to seek refuge across
international lines. However, Shacknove (1985) challenges this conception, as he argues that persecution and alienation should be considered sufficient
conditions, but not necessary conditions, for the disconnect between the state and citizen that would cause a person to be defined as a refugee.
Furthermore, as briefly noted above, Shacknove (1985) does not consider persecution to be a necessary condition to refugeehood simply because the
term "persecution" only takes into account a government that is exploitative, and that fails to protect its citizens. Nevertheless, the term "persecution"
does not take into account a state in which a government does not exist at all. Shacknove (1985) assumes that a lack of government would result in the
basic needs of a citizen to not be met. Along with persecution, Shacknove (1985) explains that although alienage is often cited as a basis for
refugeehood, he

Essay about Refugee Resettlement
This literature reviews the refugees' in their countries and also situations in adopted countries of those who have moved from their own countries, their
human rights and problems. There are enormous numbers of refugees in North America from all over the world, due to their unfortunate circumstances
in their own countries. It is true that advanced countries around the world such as Canada, United States, also Non governmental organisations (NGOs),
and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) attempt to help those asylum seekers. Even though, this still is a problem as
significant financing of UNHCR resettlement operations (including flexibility of resettlement in the management of the office's unified budget to meet
the needs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People with those circumstances who are unable to go back to their own country become Refugees, and this is also defined in the article one of the
same convention. (UN Assembly, 1951) Even though, it is not easy for people to go through all the process to be 'recognizedrefugee' by NGOs,
UNHCR and the countries those accept refugees. Also, there are internally displaced persons inside of their countries; those people stay in those
own countries when there are secure places; however the definition of internally displaced persons is "internally displaced persons are persons or
groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in
order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human–made disasters, and who
have not crossed an internationally recognized State border", therefore, such as people who are infected by nuclear around Fukushima, Japan are also
in this case, not only people in countries on a war, or those suffer from hunger (UN Economic and Social Council, 1998).
There are many countries accept refugees, United States' case of procedures which used in The U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP), priority
1 is that "Individual cases referred to the program by virtue of their circumstances and apparent need for resettlement", priority 2 is "Groups of cases
designated as having

Refugees Admitting Of Resettlement Processing Essay
Hassan Alnesery
English # 101 Essay #2 Refugees Admitting of Resettlement Processing in the United States UNHCR organization affiliated United Nations is
dedicated to the protection of refugee. The UNHCR Organization has a duty to find durable solutions to their issues in the several regions in the world.
There are three kinds of solutions to the refugees ' And asylum seekers include; voluntary returnees to their origins of country, reintegration in countries
that have sought refuge, or resettlement in a third country. UNHCR aims to provide international protection to refugees, and to find permanent
solutions to their issues. UNHCR is also providing assistance to Internally Displaced Persons IDP 's as in cases of civil wars around the world. Also,
the UNHCR Organization works to promote international refugee agreements, monitors government compliance with international law and provides
material assistance such as food, water, medical care and shelter for civilians fleeing. Many of us do not know how the process of refugee cases
from various countries around the world. Basically, the refugee's definitions are the people who were suffering from political conflicts and military
operations receiver. Such as Iraq, Syria, South Sudan and Somalia. According to US law, most of refugee's cases are accepted as humanitarian reasons.
The Department of Homeland Security DHS is responsible of resettlement of refugees in all over the states. The DHS works

Syrian Refugee Crisis : Syria Essay
Syrian refugee crisis During recent years, Syrian refugee crisis gradually became one of the major issues in the worldwide. On the evening of 13
November 2015, a series of terrorist attacks occurred in Paris. The attacks caused 129 deaths. According to the Washington post "A key bit of
evidence that emerged in the investigation of the Paris terror attacks, which saw at least 129 people killed on Friday, is a supposed Syrian passport
found near the body of one of the slain assailants. It bore the name of a Syrian national who apparently transited through Greece in early October."
(Ishaan, T,2015). Since the evidence suggests, France and other western country begin to notice Syrian refugee crisis in Europe, North America, and
other countries. According to my research, I realize Syrian refugees became a serious issue in worldwide including humanitarianism crisis in Syria or
how refugee issue exists, the general situation in the different country ,how are refugee's future is going to be and how refugee relate to terrorism.
Since the Syria civil war, Syria people's life get worst and worst. Especially in basic medical security. During five years' civil war, the war has had an
"unprecedented and multidimensional effect on Syrian health system." reported by Sophie Cousins. (Sophie.C,2015) Dr. Sahloul "In some areas like
Homs, Aleppo,East Ghouta, Deir ez–Zor, and Al–Raqqa,the situation is more dire: more than 75% of health–care professionals have been forced to
leave and

The Syrian Civil War Was Influenced By The Arab Spring
The Syrian Civil war is now entering its third dreadful year as the death toll continues to rise and is now over 200,000. The Civil War was
influenced by the Arab Spring which was a wave of revolutionary ideals and movements that swept through the Middle East. Therefore, when the
Syrian Government arrested and tortured a group of teenagers who painted revolutionary slogans on a school wall, the people erupted. The Syrian
people were fed up with the prolonged suppression by the Syrian government. A government who abused their Emergency State Law, which was
enacted in 1963, giving the Syrian government the authority to suspend civil rights. The violent government retaliation against the protestors
resulted in both sides taking up arms and engaging in a continuing bloody civil war leaving the country in utter turmoil. The citizens caught in the
crossfire have been forcibly removed from their home in search of safety and asylum, yet are still within Syria. These individuals are known as IDP
or Internally Displaced Persons with the estimated number reaching approximately 6.5 million people with approximately half being children. The
Syrian government has failed to uphold its duty to protect civilians from the strong possibility of being displaced because they refer to these people
as merely temporarily displaced, which proves that they will provide no assistance for these people. The country as a whole prior to the events of the
civil war had been experiencing a massive

Human Trafficking In Haiti: A Case Study
Despite the fact that there is some governmental action towards human trafficking, it still exists in Haiti at a high rate. There are many factors
contributing towards the continued existence of human trafficking in the country of Haiti; there are local, as well as outside factors that have helped to
increase it in the region. Some of the local factors are; poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and poor education, a history of physical and sexual abuse,
homelessness, drug abuse, gang membership, and the border with the Dominican Republic. The outside factors include high demand for modern slaves
such as; domestic servants, sex workers, agricultural and factory workers around the world, governmental and economical crisis and disinterest ,natural
disasters, machismo, corruption, and restrictive immigration policies in other countries (Seelke, 2013 p.4) Per the Haiti partners organization, the gross
national income in Haiti is US $660, about half the total for Nicaragua which is the second poorest country in Latin America. At the same time, about
78% of Haitians are poor, they earn less than two US dollars a day, and about 54% live in extreme poverty with only one dollar per day. With that
amount of money they barely have enough for clothing or food let alone education. Poverty has other consequences on the community such as,
illiteracy and poor education. The estimated annual school cost is about $131 per children which is high enough for students not to attend school.
About 50%

Critical Analysis : Critical Ethnography
It takes caution, dedication, and morality, among many other traits, to be a good ethnographer. Adding to this, one requires a passion for justice and
just change in the world to be a good critical ethnographer. Critical ethnography makes its name as a subfield in its participants' need to alter what they
view as less than acceptable conditions within a community. It extends beyond the mere study of cultures and ethnic groups and their historic
problems, into territory that explores ways in which people are attempting to solve and can solve those problems. The ethnographer must engage their
subjects in manners that other fields do not; whereas reporters and documentarians might perform interviews, probably centered on one central topic,
and leave once they have enough information to pen a good summary, ethnographers go further. Their jobs entail looking at the one central topic, but
then connecting it to another element of life for their subjects, and then another, and so on. Ethnographers experience firsthand what their subjects
live out on a daily basis, so that they may add their own perspectives and realize their own biases as far as certain aspects and issues go. Whereas
people in other fields disperse and find their way back home after one round of discussions with locals, ethnographers stay even longer, subjecting
themselves to the natives' living conditions, engaging in more discussions and discovering more facts and, more importantly, stories. It is the duty of the

A Brief Note On Climate Justice And Accountability
Climate Justice and Accountability One portion of the Paris Agreement that will be critical to uphold is the $100 billion pledge from developed
countries to developing countries to combat the effects of climate change. Specifically, this pledge would provide compensation for the millions of
people a year who are displaced from their homes because of natural disasters, the overwhelming majority being from developing countries. The
promise will increase to $600 billion by 2025 but does little to counter the estimated $1.7 trillion price tag in economic damage to developing countries
in the form of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and agricultural loss. The pledge also does not indicate how funds would be distributed and whether or not...
Kivalina citizens sought to recover monetary damages of up to $400 million for the cost of relocating the entire village as a result of what they
describe as the "defendants' past and ongoing contributions to global warming" (Complaint For Damages). Unfortunately, the court declined to hear the
case because of "indistinct accountability". Many indigenous communities have taken action against impending climate change on their own. The
Quinault Indian Nation, located at the mouth of the Quinault River on the outer coast of Washington 's Olympic Peninsula, has developed a $60
million plan to move the community, raising awareness through the nonprofit First Stewards. The Quinault Nation developed a climate adaptation and
mitigation strategy to adapt to rising sea levels and warming water and hopes to collaborate across agencies to bring awareness to their situation. Both
examples illustrate the unique challenges climate change creates for indigenous people and traditional ways of life. As sovereign nations, these
indigenous communities have the power to adopt or ratify climate agreements without the approval of the United States which would alter the
protections afforded to them. There is also the potential that members would be considered refugees rather than internally displaced persons, if they are
forced out of traditional tribe borders. Despite the fact that communities across the world have been effected by human–caused climate change, there is
little

Wasteful Gov't Spending on Education in 3rd Worlds
National and international development is a human instinct and serves only one specific purpose; which is the advancement of humanity and
specifically the betterment of the quality of life for everyone. The terminology 'development' usually includes such areas as foreign aid, healthcare,
equality, infrastructure, economics, human rights and education as well as many others. International development differs compared to national
development; it was created by governments and institutions after World War Two in order to concentrate on topics like easing poverty and to improve
living conditions in destroyed countries, but more importantly in former colonies which were now free and to become part of a different and hopefully
better world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, violations of human rights and famine have continued for decades or at least since the last colonial powers pulled out of a country and
left them to themselves without ever thinking about the consequences of a power vacuum and leaving a particular nation without an economic
structure or any sufficiently developed educational system. In "World crisis in education: The view from the 1980's", Philip H. Coombs looks back
to the 50's and 60's and describes the unfortunate situation of TWN and how little has changed. The book might as well be called "......: "The view
from 2012", and be published this year again without any or little change, and probably no one would notice that the book was written three decades
earlier. According to Coombs, western style education was new to TWN and trying to carry out this system immediately after decolonization would
bring instant and noticeable changes, with a few exceptions, these WIN's ideas of how to educate efficiently never took a foothold in the third world,
rather seem to be nothing but a constant investment without noticeable results. Even now, countless NGO's and foreign government agencies pour
large amounts of money and time into undeveloped states, and it gives the impression that very little is accomplished. What is astonishing is that
already back in the 1960's a large bubble of optimism has burst but since then attempts continue to blow up the same bubble

The Problem Of A Refugee
"With 1 human in every 113 affected, forced displacement hits record, ...24 per min" (UNHCR, 2016). According to United Nations, "A refugee is
someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a well–founded fear of persecution for
reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group" (UNHCR–US, n. d.). Statistics of UNHCR in 2015
shows 21.3 million refugees worldwide. Also, 3.2 million asylum–seekers and 40.8 million internally displaced people (IDP) are supported by United
Nations in 125 countries. These higher numbers comparing to 2014 are due to the global rise of conflicts and war, and lower support of affected
individuals by their governments. The shocking number belongs to children who constitute 51 percent of the refugee population, and 98,400
asylum–seeker children who are either separated from their parents or unaccompanied (UNHCR–CA, 2016).
IDP is the people who are forced to flee their home in the hope of finding safety without crossing the border since they are not protected by
international law. Another group, stateless people are whom they do not have citizenship of any country due to discriminatory policies against
minorities or citizenship exclusion after a country gains independence (UNHCR–CA, n.d.). Although UNHCR has defined refugees as a different
category and only see asylum seekers with a right to be considered as a refugee and receive legal

Columbian Displacement Report
Columbian displacement report
Columbia, the world's biggest multicultural nation by square kilometre, also holds the planets record for the largest population of the most internally
displaced people. The actual number of internally displaced people is almost impossible to find as there are many organizations registering displaced
people but none can agree on an actual figure. Nether less it has been estimated that up to 5 million people have been forced to flee their homes. These
are devastating numbers, almost accounting for 10% of the population, and provide an immediate problem for the Columbian government and human
rights organisations like UNHCR.
Where have they displaced?
The vast majority of displaced people in Columbia are what is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the government trying intensely to eradicate the problem, registered IDPs are given household items, food, emergency healthcare and hygiene
products for a three month period. After this period they are entitled to assistance in the matters of education, training and health. The system does not
account for unregistered IPD's, which is estimated to be 30% of them.
The stigma surrounding IDP's affects their social lives, and also their working life. Many businesses simply will not hire them only on the basis of their
status.
The standard dwelling is an illegal shanty houses made from waste material. Due to over population, land plots have risen in price making it even
harder for IDP's to secure proper housing even with the assistance of the government and organisations. Most dwellings or shacks have no running
water, no waste pipes, and minimal furniture. Their poor housing makes them a extremely vulnerable target for natural disasters like floods and fires.
This leads to a people being displaced for the second time.
Average Employment of IPD's are street vendors, car window cleaners, construction and domestic services. Begging on the street is a common
occurrence.
What does their future seem

The Dictator Is A Film Based Around A North African Dictator
The Dictator is a film based around a North African dictator, General Aladeen, as he goes to New York to meet with the United Nations. This movie
contains many of the similar stereotypes and racism that could be found in America today. In some ways The Dictator helps viewers to realize the
outrageousness of their sexism and racism; however, for most that realization is completely lost behind their laughter and their preconceived ethnic
stereotypes. Firstly, the movie begins by giving a background on General Aladeen the dictator in Wadiya, then it shows him present day making a
speech to his "adoring" citizens where he announces that they will soon have weapon grade uranium. After the speech the UN decide to give him
an ultimatum, either he addresses the United Nations in New York or they will release NATO air strikes against Wadiya. He decides to go to New
York, meanwhile his Uncle is plotting to kill him and replace him with his impressionable doppelganger. After arriving in New York he meets a
special agent who later attempts to kill Aladeen upon his uncle's request. After his trademarked beard is cut off, and he escapes potential
assassination, he finds himself in the middle of a protest against himself. Aladeen sees on TV that his double has announced to the UN that Wadiya
will be a democracy. He is outraged but Zoey, a protesting vegan feminist, just thinks he is a passionate protester and offers him a job. Later he sees
his old bomb builder and follows him to a

Syria Refugee Crisis Essay
Elisabeth Novak
260581648
INTD 200
The Syrian Refugee Crisis: Canada is Not Playing its Role.
The Syrian civil war originating in 2011 has put millions in perilous situations, now involving most of the international community. With approximately
6.5 million people internally displaced, and millions more fleeing the country as refugees or seeking refugee status, the Syrian war has become a
worldwide refugee crisis, in desperate need of international help1. Over the past couple decades, Canada has proved to be a leader in the acceptance of
refugees from around the world, especially during a crisis. But as of today, the country has done little to fulfill its global role in protecting those
affected in Syria, mainly due to processing delays ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the RHSP, it is estimated that Canada accepts 25,000 refugees every year6, taking in around one tenth of the yearly total of refugees
relocated.7 Moreover, when it comes to human crises, Canada has a history of "fast–tracking" refugee applications originating from the countries
affected, in order to free citizens from harm as quickly as possible. These crises include the 2007 war in Iraq, the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and the
2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, together involving thousands of foreigners granted "temporary residence permits" or "permanent residence"
in very little time8. But in Syria's case, Canada has accepted a mere 200 refugees, even though several thousands of dollars have been raised by the 85
private sponsor groups that exist within Canada and are formally recognized by the government9. This effort on the part of the Canadian government
pales in comparison to several other countries of resettlement. To avoid increasing the Syrian death toll of more than 100,000 to date, neighboring
countries such as Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan have accepted 1 million, 667,636, and 588,979 Syrian refugees respectfully10. Many European
countries have also done their part. Sweden alone has offered a new home to over 30,000 Syrian refugees at least for the time being11.
Canada's failure to live up to expectations is in part to do with unreasonably long refugee application processing time, and poor management of these

Karim Abdul Rahman Research Paper
A Syrian infant baby named Karim Abdel Rahman lost his left eye during an artillery attack. Karim became known as the carnage and the humanitarian
change in the Damascus superior of Eastern Ghouta after this unfortunate incident happened.
Karim's injury was due to a consequence of civil anarchy that began seven years before he was born. This started a hashtag social media campaign that
went viral on Facebook and Twitter with people, from sports stars to diplomats, posting pictures of themselves covering their eye with one hand. Some
popular hashtags on social media include #SolidarityWithKarim and #StandWithKarim.
"He and his mother came under an artillery attack in a popular market in Hammuriah, Eastern Ghouta. Karim's mother was killed in that attack, and
Karim sustained severe injuries to his skull," said the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The group tracked gunfires by administering forces in the range of a kindergarten school in Kafr Batna that left four children hurt. An address that a
child died and three other people were injured due to shelling at Saqba was sent. Additionally, the International Committee of the Red Cross describes
the situation in suburban Damascus describes a "critical" humanitarian situation.
The hashtag campaign supporting Karim has picked up supporters from a diverse amount of areas including private citizens public figures and aid
employees outraged that children have been the victims of aggression. According to CNN News, some of the popular supporters of the campaign
include the soccer player Franck Ribery, Turkish Red Crescent, the UOSSM andSyria Civil Defense, known as the White Helmets, British Ambassador
to the United Nations Matthew Rycroft, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri, Bana Alabed, and the Syrian refugee who tweeted last year from besieged

The For International Refugee Law
In order for International refugee law to function and satisfactorily benefit the people it has challenged state sovereignty in some aspects. Regardless of
the enforcement laws signatory states have been able to keep authority over the flow of refugees individually keeping their territorial supremacy. In my
opinion refugee law has not challenged the principle of state sovereignty enough as some people still seem to fall within the cracks and are not
afforded protection. States are still refusing to to give a little of their power away in order to protect human rights. This essay is going to be discussing
the 1951 convention, internally displaced persons and the concept of non–refoulement in relation to the protection for forced migrants. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A prime example of the how restricted the definition is the case of Shah and Islam. The court felt that women as a social is a too big a group. They
narrowed the group to women, that are married and allegedly committed adultery and said that they are a social group. 'the concept of social group is a
general one and its meaning cannot be confined to those...which the framers of the Convention may have had in mind'. Some argued that the court in
this case are trying to broaden the threshold however it seems that they are further restricting it. Examples like these show that the threshold is high and
it doesn 't seem like the courts are considering broadening it any time soon.
The definition is already restrictive and it goes further saying even if they satisfy the conditions in the definition under section 1A, they can still lose
the refugee status or even be denied it under sections 1C–1F.
1F is the main provision that has the exclusion from refugee status. Though the provision clearly states "serious reasons for considering" we are not
sure how each state would view that. There are two contrasting cases on this. One being the case of Cruz v Minister of Employment and Immigration,
where the member of Mexican army who was involved in mass massacres was granted asylum in Canada. On the other hand the case of T v Secretary
of State

Cynthia Barnett Water Work
Among all of the resources in the world, there is one that we do not often consider to be diminishing. The masses take this resource, water, for
granted. When the average person takes a single look at a world map, they see multiple blue oceans covering the Earth. But, although we are
surrounded by water, our clean water reserves dwindle rapidly. In her article, "Water Works", Cynthia Barnett attempts to bring this issue to greater
light and offers her own solutions. While I agree with many of Barnett's points, she fails to look at the arguments of her detractors to the detriment of
her already flawed case. Throughout the article, Barnett analyses the idea of water scarcity. She accentuates the fact that aging infrastructure hampers
our ability... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her argument is focused on the Pacific Northwest, our rainy marine paradise. She speaks to a specific population, citing the cultural significance
of the salmon in this area (Barnett 2013). Unfortunately for her message, this ignores the ranging climates and situations around the world, where
her solutions may not be as effective. While this may be persuasive towards the generally liberal population in the region that likely already agrees
with her, it offers little for people who live in drier regions. Even within the United States, I have my doubts that Barnett's suggestions would work.
For example, desert regions in California and plains in the Midwest would not benefit from these ideas. The article's biggest failing, however, is the
view of the rest of the world. As Dr. Pierre Mukheibir, a civil engineer with over 20 years experience in the water sector, points out in his article that
about 1.2 billion people live without access to clean drinking water. These people do not live in the Pacific Northwest, they mostly live in developing
countries in Africa (Mukheibir 1028). I think our resources and knowledge would be better spent focusing on the lives of those suffering from the
deprivation of human rights instead of pinpointing specific areas and peoples in the United

Analyzing The Syrian Refugee Crisis
Living in a world that is constantly changing affords us many advantages. One of those advantages is globalization. Globalization has allowed us
share various aspects of our cultures, governments, and economies with other parts of the world through a unique process of integration.
Unfortunately, globalization also comes with its disadvantages. The increased interconnectedness throughout the global community, has created world
where the devastating events that occur in one place can have a huge negative impact in other places across the globe. This situation is referred to as
a global issue, as it has the capability of affecting other parts of the world. One of the biggest global issues we are currently facing is the Syrian refugee
crisis. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What began as anti–government protests and demonstrations soon escalated into a full–scale civil war. Protests broke out following the arrest and
torture of a group of teenagers for painting anti–govern graffiti on the wall of a school building. The nation was so outraged they took to the streets in
protest, demanding the resignation of the president for allowing such an injustice to happen. The government's violent responses to the citizens'
protests escalated into a full–scale civil war, leaving many Syrian citizens with no other option but to flee their homes (Adhikari,

What Is A Refugee Boy Essay
A)
There are many ways to describe and explain what a refugee is. A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape
war, persecution, or natural disaster. A refugee has a fear of being persecuted for various reasons, such as; race, religion, political 'issues.' Majority
of refugees prefer to return back home as soon as it is safe and when the problem is being resolved. An asylum seeker is someone who flees their own
country and seek for sanctuary in another country, usually in neighbouring countries. Refugees travels by land and sea. It is really risky to be a refugee,
especially if it is by sea, since they travel using a small boat. Overcrowding is thought to have been one of the reasons for the disaster. According to
BBC: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is caught between two countries, Ethiopia where his father was from and Eritreawhere her mother was from are at war with each other. Alem
who is a mix child between two of this country is not accepted anywhere wheter it is at Eritrea nor Ethiopia. He goes to England with his father as
the situation in his homeland dies down, but things didn't go as planned. A lot of refugees in the world have the same conditions as Alem. Refugees
face losing friends and family and being forced out of their home country. they are not accepted in their own contry. The story of Refugee Boy is a
story about how a family that was once connected, broke and became disconnected. Once they leave their home–country, these refugees are lost, just
like Alem in London. His father left him by himself in a strange place Alem has never been to. He has no family in England and no one that cares for
him. Alem's feelings were clear. He was emotional, isolated, alone and trapped in this mysterious place. and more importantly, they do not feel
accepted anywhere they go. just like alem, they also take

Persuasive Essay On Refugees
The issue of refugees heated up when President Donald Trump became president. He is totally against of letting refugees into the United States. As
most people who aren't refugees don't really care what he does, but people who are refugees would have a different story. The UN has never really
had any issues towards refugees until Donald Trump had became president. The growth of refugees has increased because of war, being discarded
from the country, or not following the right religion. Historically we have let many refugees come into our country in the past. According to The
Washington Post, "global displacement levels declined to a historic low in 2005 but started escalating again because of a series of conflicts, including
the U.S. invasion of Iraq. By mid–2015, the total number of refugees and internally displaced people had climbed to an all–time high of more than 60
million people, the UNHCR estimates – reflecting both the masses of people newly uprooted from war–torn regions of Syria and South Sudan, as well
as those displaced years ago from places like Pakistan and Afghanistan who still haven't been able to return home." So throughout the history, many
refugees have been fleeing their countries but letting refugees into the United States, it could cause a lot of problems like it would cost the UN more
money, there are billions of refugees why not help them all, and there could be terrorist in the group. What this evidence suggests is that this is a very
significant

The Refugee Journey
Credit 3: The Refugee Journey – from Syria to Madison
Module 2 – Becoming a Refugee
The United Nations High Commissioner Refugees (UNHCR) is an international organization that works to protect and assist refugees anywhere in
the world, by providing shelter, health, safeguarding individuals, assessing global needs and advocating for those population (UNHCR, 2016). In
fact, the 5 groups the UNHCR helps are refugees in Eastern of Turkey, The diaspora from Africa, refugees in South America, refugees in Middle East
and refugees from Syria (Salopek, 2015). Generally, refugees are those who flee from inevitable, often long–term violence and other difficult living
conditions brought on by the conflict. The United Nations more narrowly defines refugees as "persons who are outside their country and cannot return
owing to a well–founded fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group"
(UNHCR, 2016). Those are groups of people who leave their home to another country for safety purpose.
However, all people who flee conflict cannot be called refugees, refugee agencies commonly distinguish between refugees and internally displaced
persons (IDPs) to decide who is covered by international law and receives assistance and who does not. For the most part, little assistance reaches a
person fleeing a conflict until he or she crosses an international border. The United Nations distinguishes refugees and IDPs

Diverty And Poverty In Haiti
UCI Haiti "Manje? Manje?" With empty, open hands and pleading eyes, I am asked by a five year old Haitian if I have any food. His rounded
stomach is malnourished from eating mud pies. It is mid morning, when this child should be in school, but instead he is at home. In the background, his
mom and three siblings outside their one–room house with mud floors and walls, a thatch roof, and open windows. The poverty level in Haiti is at a
heartbreaking high which can be lessened by becoming educated and acting on the problem so Haitians in need can reap major benefits. Hunger,
homelessness, poverty, and lack of education grip the entire country of Haiti. More than two million Haitians are homeless. That number
significantly rose when an earthquake struck the island in 2010. Because so many people lost their homes in the earthquake, IDP (internally
displaced people) camps were set up for those who did not have adequate shelter. (Last two sentences: Amnesty.org) However, IDP camps are
randomly evacuated, leaving thousands of people instantly homeless and on their own. Most of the population lives in rural areas. A majority of the
houses are two room huts with mud walls and floors. The roofs are thatched with grasses and palm leaves or covered with sheet metal if it can be
afforded. The lack of housing or quality of housing leads to many grumbling stomachs. Many Haitians are malnourished and starving. It is reported that
over 100,000 children under the age of five suffer from

Factors And Impacts Of Dissolution Of Aceh
Impacts Of Dissolution Of Acheh
Economic
According to Nazamuddin (2008) explained that the oil and natural gas dollar from Aceh were controlled fully by a centralized authority in Jakarta for
many years. Only three per cent f the total revenues from Aceh's oil and natural gas included all related taxes returned in the form of central
government's transfers to the poor province. Then only in 2002 when the earlier special autonomy law took effect that Aceh received a seventy per cent
of oil share and natural gas revenues. Infrastructure in Aceh was and remained poor. 25 per cent of the population lives below thepoverty line. They
were rich in natural resources however with poor infrastructure and public services and centralized authorities added with poverty and lack of
opportunities have been the factors of the conflict. Some of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, some foods are scarce and food prices have risen drastically. Part of the reason for the scarcity is a series of attacks on the truck that
brings food from neighbouring Medan province to Aceh. According to Acehnese academic Dr Yusny Saby, those most affected by the military
offensive are the villagers of eastern Aceh, where most of the fighting has taken place.
According to Saby (2003) the food situation should soon improve because military escorts now provided to the supply convoys. However, the military
presence could also increase the food prices still further, because of the soldier that guarding the supply trucks would need paying too. The situation is
likely to have grown worse since the martial law declared on May 19, 2003 and once again on November 6. Since the resumption of the government's
military offensive in Aceh, the international media and humanitarian organizations have been restricted to the capital Banda Aceh.

Report on Refugee Rights in Australia
Background of Refugee Rights Political Movement
Since 2000, both the refugee rights political movement in Australia as a whole as well as the Australian National Committee on Refugee Women
(ANCORW) have primarily been focused on key issues such as the differential treatment of asylum seekers based on how they arrived in Australia or
apply for protection, the Pacific and Malaysian solution, the detention of asylum seekers and combating the view that boat arrivals are not 'genuine
refugees'. Although there are many other concerns, the issues listed above are the major ones.
In the first instance, refugee right groups are trying to minimize the difference in the way onshore and offshore asylum seekers are processed. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to that, ANCORW raises money to enable refugee women in Australia to attend these conventions to advocate for the needs of their
communities on behalf of all refugee women.
Educational Resources
As a means of raising awareness in the general public about the lives of refugees, in 2009, ANCORW launched an education resource which highlights
the inspiring contributions and successes of refugees settling in Australia. Title, "Celebration of Refugee Lives : Stories of Strength and Resilience", it
contains a film, book and short training program. The aim of this education resource is to enhance the public's understanding of refugee experience and
to dispel the exaggerated myth that refugees only bring negative social and economic problems.
Improving Settlement
In 2010, ANCROW and the CRR initiated a project to explore the difficulties faced by refugee families and identify steps to improve family settlement
outcomes. Past projects found that the issues of family conflict, violence and separation in settlement have become one of the most pressing problems
experienced by refugee families settling in Australia. This is exacerbated by other challenges such as inadequate and overcrowded housing, language
difficulties, unemployment and trouble adjusting to a new culture. This project aims to research these problems and provide

Repatriation For Refugees From The United States
The options for resettlement for refugees are to return to their home country when there's peace, if their country remains unstable or dangerous due to
persecution and unable to return they are able to stay in a refugee settlement in another country. Unfortunately, most host countries are unable to accept
refugees permanently. The United States generally only offer to refugees if their fleeing from persecution and war. The U.S. government maintains a
long–established humanitarian program that grants a limited number of refugees who are unable to return home or stay in a host country. Very little of
the refugees who have the opportunity of resettlement, there are three internationally accepted solutions for refugees: Voluntary repatriation– Refugees
return to their country of nationality when conditions have changed that allows them to return safety. Local integration – Local settlement and
integration of refugees in their country of first asylum upon receiving agreement from the host country. Resettlement – Most frequently used for
refugees whose life, safety, health or human rights are at risk in their country where they have required refuge. When refugees come to the United State
they must rebuild their lives from disturbing and heartbreaking conditions. Majority of the refugees newly adopted homeland with great energy and
success, they go on to work, attend universities, build professions, purchase homes, raise children and contribute to their communities.

The Causes Of Forced Migration In The Country Of Population
Forced migration is defined as, "a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by
conflicts within their country of origin) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or
development projects" (Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, n.d.). Since the 1940, this issue has risen steady and affects over a
million individuals globally. In 2015, nine out of 1000 people were evacuated by force (Bozorgmehr & Razum, 2017). Health problems can
become abundant among forced migrants due to the vast amount of people dwelling within a small camp. Multiple diseases may begin to fester
among the refuge location because many people may bring the foreign illness to the location. This may lead to new illnesses in a place that has not
experienced that particular type of illness in that area. Because majority of forced migrants are in such crowded quarters, diseases can proliferate
quickly throughout the population as a result of poor hygiene and sanitation. This leads to an increase in health care demand; however, due to the
increased amount of people in the vicinity these types of services may be limited or unavailable to the individuals. A decrease or destruction of health
care to forced migrates can eventually lead to and increase mortality rate (Skolnik, 2016). Language and cultural barriers may impact health care
attainment for some individuals of forced

Politics Of Policymaking : Comparative Perspectives, Fall...
Assignment # 1: Politics of Policymaking: Comparative Perspectives, Fall 2015
Name: Pragya Dewan | UNI: pd2490
To: Head of UNDG–Syria (all UN agencies)
Re: Moving from an emergency driven humanitarian response to long–term strategic management of the Syrian refugee crisis
From: Dr. Amena Al–Diri, Strategic Advisor to OCHA–Syria
Date: 21st September 2015
Executive Summary
Background and Problem Definition
A combination of factors in Syria, including but not limited to Bashar al–Assad 's regime and its practices against the Sunni majority, the rapid spread
of ISIS and its atrocities against the Syrians, and other groups such as Jabhat al–Nusra have led to a civil war that has killed 250,000 people, displaced
half of the population, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 2014 plan reached out to an unprecedented number of people by way of food assistance (4.43 million people per month), non–food items (5.7
million people), education assistance (3.1 million), and health services (16.5 million medical treatments) and early recovery and livelihoods
interventions (2.1 million people benefitted) . However, because of the exponential increase in the scale of the crisis, OCHA and UN partners have
only been able to provide a largely response driven emergency assistance. In addition, only a fraction of the assistance is actually reaching the target
population as organizations are constrained by slow administrative and bureaucratic procedures, lack of government support, violence along access
routes and general safety and security concerns .
As the humanitarian agencies focus on providing for these basic needs, Syria's development situation has regressed almost by four decades in four
years. Since the onset of the crisis in 2011, life expectancy is estimated to have shortened by almost 13 years (Q4, 2013) and school attendance
dropped more than 50%. Syria has also seen reversals in all 12 recorded Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicators. The Syrian economy has
contracted by an estimated 40% since 2011, leading to the majority of Syrians losing their livelihoods. By the end of 2013, an estimated three in four
Syrians were living in poverty, and 54% were living in extreme

Internally Displaced Person
Preamble:
For decades, they were largely ignored and forgotten, but together they probably comprise the worldвЂџs largest group of vulnerable people. Currently,
there are an estimated 30 million of them in at least 50 countries living amidst war and persecution. They have little legal or physical protection and a
very uncertain future – outcasts in their own countries. Bureaucratically, they are described as IDPs – or вЂћinternally displaced persons.вЂџ In the
real world, they are civilians, mostly women and children, who have been forced to abandon their homes because of conflict or persecution to seek
safety elsewhere. The idea and the phenomenon of internal displacement are not recent. According to United Nations Office for the Coordination ...
However, a United Nations report, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement uses the definition: Internally displaced persons are "persons or
groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order
to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human–made disasters, and who have
not crossed an internationally recognized State border." 4
Components of the IDP definition
The definition provided by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement highlights two elements:
3 4
www.unhcr.org/internallydisplacedpeople United Nations report of Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Introduction, Para 2
3
1) The coercive or otherwise involuntary character of movement. 2) The fact that such movement takes place within national borders.
Refugee vs. IDPs
Both groups often leave their homes for similar reasons. Civilians are recognized as вЂћrefugeesвЂџ when they cross an international frontier to seek
sanctuary in another country. The internally displaced, for whatever reason, remain in their own states. Newly arrived refugees normally receive food,
shelter and a place of safety from the host country. A well–defined body of international laws and conventions protects them. The UN refugee agency

and other humanitarian organizations work within this legal framework to

Rwandan Conflicts And The Effects Of African Conflict In...
05. EFFECTS OF AFRICAN CONFLICTS:
The effects of conflicts in terms of refugee flows into neighbouring countries and the emergence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has
demonstrated that no African country is an island unto itself . Refugee camps in the Mano River Union region of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
have served as source of instability for countries in the region. It is estimated that there are close to three million refugees in central Africa alone. The
camps in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from the Rwandan genocide of 1994, remain a source of concern for all the key actors
involved in the Great Lakes region. 200,000 refugees have spilled into Chad as a result of the violent conflict in Sudan's Darfur region, creating
tension along the border. Dadaab(Kenya) hosts people that have fled various conflicts in the larger Eastern Africa region. Most have come as a
consequence of the civil war in southern Somalia, including both Somalis and members of Somalia's various ethnic minority groups such as the Bantu.
These situations illustrate the need for effective post–conflict reconstruction processes and the institutions to back them up. IDPs and refugees make it
difficult for host communities and displaced communities to settle down and initiate development. Therefore, a central pillar of post–conflict
reconstruction is the incorporation of IDPs and refugees into the host community or the repatriation of refugees, after consideration of possible

The Asylum Seeker Is Defined As Person Who Has Fled Their...
An asylum seeker is defined as person who has fled their own country and applied for protection as a refugee. (Australian Human Rights Commission,
2015).According to the Convention on refugees, 'a refugee is someone who has travelled outside his or her own country and cannot return due to a
well–founded fear of persecution because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion' which
was stated in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
As soon as a person in a refugee situation and flees to an international border, he or she is a defined as a refugee. The person's refugee status is
confirmed when the claim they put forward is assessed, either by a national government or an international agency, such as the UNHCR, and he or she
is found to meet the definition of a refugee.
The term 'refugee' is often used in more terms then the expansion of its legal definition allows. A refugee generally includes all people who flee
their homes to seek refuge from any kind of harm or threat of harm, such as war, civil strife, domestic violence, poverty or environmental
collapse.However, the legal definition is narrower. The legal definition only applies to people who can prove they have a well–founded fear of
persecution because of their race, beliefs, ideals and opinion.These are free rights that should be obligated to every individual for example freedom of
speech.
Australia has had a long history of welcoming

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