Action research: The merits and demerits of an iPad in WELL (Web Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching writing for large Univ. EFL classes in Japan A paper to read at Foreign Language Section, School of Law & Politics, Kwansei Gakuin Univ., January 16, 2013.

1. Action research:
The merits and demerits of an iPad
in WELL (Web Enhanced Language Learning) in teaching
writing for large Univ. EFL classes in Japan
Foreign Language Section, School of Law & Politics,
Kwansei Gakuin Univ., Jan. 16, 2013.
関西学院大学 法学部 外国語研究室 研究会 「 CALL 実践報告 -
2012 」
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YASUDA, Masami,
k
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
myasuda@kwansei.ac.jp
Foreign Language Section Study
E-Learning at KG Univ. Kwansei Gakuin Univ., Nishinomiya, JAPAN
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2. Action research on CALL and
Web 2.0 technologies:
A field study of 'BlogCasting' in WELL (Web Enhanced Language Learning),
and CMT (Computer Managed Testing) in university EFL classes
Foreign Language Section, School of Law & Politics,
Kwansei Gakuin Univ., May 12, 2010.
関西学院大学 法学部 外国語研究室 研究会 「 CALL 実
践報告」
02 f. s kr a m oo B
YASUDA, Masami,
k
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
myasuda@kwansei.ac.jp
Foreign Language Section Study
E-Learning at KG Univ. Kwansei Gakuin Univ., Nishinomiya, JAPAN
/

3. 3. Introduction:
CAI, CALL, e-Learning, WELL
e-Learning:
Network Web based Learning
CAI: CALL:
Computer Assisted
Computer Assisted Instruction
Language Learning
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k
http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/102206.f/
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4. 4. Overview of CALL History*
A: 1960 - 80 B: 1980 - 90 C: 1990 -
1. 行動主義的 1. 認知 1. 知識構成主義 / Knowledge
Behavioristic 的 /Cognitive building
2. チューターとしての 2. 道具としてのコン 2. コミュニケーション環境として
コンピューター / ピューター のコンピューター / E-mail,
Tutorial Computer as chats, Synchronic &
3. コンピューター上 tools asynchronic
の学習教材 / communication
3. CD-ROM 上の学
Study ware
習教材 / CD- 3. 試行錯誤する場 / trials and
(FD’s) errors, sandbox, playroom
ROMs, Mac’s
(Computers)
1. 閉じた課題 1. 半分開いた教材 / 1. 開いた課題 / Open ended
/ Stand-alone half- task
isolated tasks
Standalone 2. リサーチ型学習 / Research
2. 穴埋め， Cloze, 並 based
isolated び替え，テキスト再 3. 課題解決型学習 / Task based
tasks 構成など /Gap-fill,
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Learning
2. Drill, Cloze, Unscramble
4. データ駆動学習 / Data driven
k
texts
pattern- learning ‘ 発見学習？“
* 境 一三 Sakai ( 2004) CALLの歴史とその今日的意義について, 「e-learning 公開講座」 , 2004年5月13
practice
日 慶應義塾大学日吉ITC. Available on the web Translation mine 4
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5. + 5. Classroom Research:
Treatment Treatment & Control
Action Experimental
Research Research
- +
Control Control
Observation
Interaction
Method
(KJ Method, Analysis
Mindmap)
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k
- Adapted from the table in Sano(2000)
『アクション・リサーチのすすめ』 p.
Treatment 204
Jump to Questionnaire analysis 5
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6. 6. Professional Development
Plan: Problems
to identify,
Hypotheses,
Observation Explanatory
(Teacher's, Researcher's) Questions
Action Research
Questions,
Inquiries,
Demands for
changes, Belief
Analysis, systems, etc.
Reflection, Data & Note
Action collection,
Changes,
Protocols,
Public
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Journals:
k
Reporting,
(Teachers, students)
Publishing
Return to Teaching Narrative Writing slide Jump to Questionnaire analysis 6
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7. 7. Kinds of questions to
pose
 How can we focus on
meaning
 rather than
forms?
 Learning English
vs.
 Learning about English
 The place of
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grammar learning and
k
correction. 7
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8. 8. Kinds of further questions
to pose (2) Individual and autonomy
Individual
 How can we create
“autonomous learning” environment
with group work?
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k
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9. 9. Kinds of questions to pose (3)
How can we put
communicative aspects
in classroom -
with or without
the use of E-mails?
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k
Group Dynamics to expect!?
Return to KG20100512
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10. 10. Introduction - L2 writing
Dichotomies/Dilemmas
Fluency and accuracy
Contrastive rhetoric debate
Process vs. Product debate
Assessment
Feedback and error correction
Casanave, Christine Pearson. (2004). Controversies in second language writing.
Ann Arbor, Michigan: Univ. of Michigan.
Cornor, Ulla (2002). New directions in contrastive rhetoric, TESOL Quarterly,
36(4), pp. 494-510.
Hyland, Ken, & Hyland, Fiona. (Eds., 2006). Feedback in second language writing:
Contexts and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sachs, Rebecca, & Polio, Charlene. (2007). Learners' uses of two types of written
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feedback on a L2 writing revision task, Studies in Second Language
k
Acquisition, 29(1), pp 67-100.
Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing. TESOL Quarterly, 19, 79-101.
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11. 11. BlogCasting**:
Weblog☆ Projects – 2006 ～ 2008
Paper Word- Email Blog Text to
Pencil Processor /ML /RSS Speech*
- 2005 ○ △ ◎ × ×
2006 - ▼ ◎ ○ ◎ ×
2007 - ▼ ○ ○ ○ △
2008 - ▼ △★ ○ ○ ◎
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**BlogCasting = *Text to Speech (Assistive Technology) + ☆ Weblog
k
★ Word Processing  ★ Local Thin Client  Web editor  Cloud Computing
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12. 12. Past and Current Project:  E-mail work
 Video - Separate
Email Grading video output (OHC)
1) Yahoo site 認証必要
 Audio Recording
2) Mirror site (infoseek
): some years with index only
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k
12
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13. 13. Past Projects:
Video Narrative Project
 Video Narration –
 Student’s audio in Final Project
 Student audio in MP3-shrt
 Local: audio file
 Web site: VoiceBlog site
 Past Presentations:
 PPT in SWF
 3/5/2007: Local file: KG030507-3.swf
 (3/5/2007): Drive HQ published folder
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http://myasuda-foseek- bbs100106-s.html 13
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14. 14. Weblog Projects:
since 2006  BlogCasting
Weblog Projects:
 http://advcomp.wordpress.com/
 Advcomp.wordpress.com/ RSS FEED mixer-project-2007/
 Students Weblogs and comments
 Privacy protection with PINs
 Advcomp.wordpress.com tag=classblog
 myasuda - my.land.to /treebbs/tree.php?n=470
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k
Skip to 2007 Skip to
2008
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15. 15. Text to Speech
 Text to Speech
One of Assistive Technologies
Stephen Hawking asks big questions
about the universe, at TED Conference
TedConference site
YouTube
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Filmed Feb., 2008.
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16. 16. Text to Speech Online
Tools
Six Online Tools - Text to Speech tools
you would not want to miss
TechDune - Tech News, Software &
Hardware Reviews, Internet, Humor
1. vozMe: vozMe
Type or copy-paste the texts to convert
to ‘Create MP3’ at a click!
2. Expressivo – You can listen to
books, messages, RSS feeds, articles or even
e-mails. You can easily create audio books on
your mp3 player. Purchase needed
3. Cepstral - The text to speech
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conversion to the text into a WAV file.
Purchase needed.
Skip to
RSS Mixing 16
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17. 17. Text to Speech Online Tools (2)
 Text to Speech tools you would not want to
miss (2)
 TechDune - Tech News, Software & Hardware
Reviews, Internet, Humor
4. Ivona Speech Synthesizer –
Text to speech conversion tool online
5. SpokenText - SpokenText.net
Converts & records to speech automatically:
PDF, Word, plain text, PowerPoint files,
RSS news feeds, emails and web pages.
6. Talkr –
Converts RSS feeds into MP3 files
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Notes: ‘MacinTalk’ on Macintosh – has a longer history
k
Skip to
on Text2Speech! RSS Mixing
17
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18. 18. BlogCasting: (3)
Weblog Projects - 2007
 MP3 with Lyrics!!
 Jet Audio -
Embedded in ID tags via Jet Audio
 Play & view, on Jet Audio,
iTunes, and iPods! – Awesome!!
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k
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19. 19. BlogCasting: (1)
Weblog Projects - 2008
 RSS mixer with Text2Speech
 “Odiogo.com”
 The WordPress plug-in
instructions can be found here.
 My memos: PHP Forum site
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k
Back Back
to 2006 to 2007
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Local image file
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20. 20. BlogCasting: Weblog Projects - 2008
 Class WeBlogs – Text2Speech

KGLaw BlogCast 2008
 Advcomp – Education course
 kglaw2011f2 – Freshmen
3rd
 kglaw2011s1 – Sophomores
1st
 Kglaw2011s2 – Sophomores 2nd
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Next slide
AdvComp - Online grading as admin of the server 20
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21. 21. Weblog Projects – 2009 & 2008:
How to read students’ Blog threads:
via WEB Portal Page
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k
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http://protopage.com/ : SPA (CNET Single Page Aggregators)
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22. 22. Feasibility: tasks & class size:
Reflections from BlogCasting**:
Weblog☆ Projects – 2006 ～ 2008
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k
**BlogCasting = *Text to Speech (Assistive Technology) + ☆Weblog
★ Word Processing  ★ Local Thin Client  Web editor  Cloud Computing22
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23. 23. Summary: BlogCast
with RSS Mixing and Text2Speech
Next slide?
RSS Mixer
iPods,
with
iTunes,
Text
Presentations,
to
Other
Speech
PodCasting
sites
Playlist,
Feed,
New XML
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D:
Servers.finfoseek.ne.jp.fmyasuda2.f
k
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24. 24. Online Quiz – VOA: Assistive Technology
Freshmen and Sophomores, 2010/04/29
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http://www.quia.com/pages/masamisanfrancisco.html http://www.quia.com/pages/myasuda.html 24
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25. 25. Curriculum Change Plans:
Attainment Tests to install?
英語の関学 vs. 関学の英語
 Attainment Tests in EFL at Law Dept.
:
 Competency Tests for graduation PDF 法学部コース
 Writing
 Listening (Stories, Lectures)
 Automatic Essay Scoring
 My tentative proposal (jump to Yahoo 認証要 ) 
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 Pilot testing
k
Return to KG20100512
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26. 26. Super Eigo TOEFL – Pre Test - – 2012/11/16:
ANOVA by Year Freshmen(1 年 ) vs. Sophomores (2 年 )
Total Scores:
 2 > 1; p<0.03*
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k
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27. 27. Super Eigo TOEFL – Pre Test - – 2012/11/16:
ANOVA by Year Freshmen(1 年 ) vs. Sophomores (2
年)
Grammar Scores:
 2 =>:= 1; p>0.18 (NS)
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28. 28. Super Eigo TOEFL – Pre Test - – 2012/11/16:
ANOVA by Year Freshmen(1 年 ) vs. Sophomores (2
年)
Reading Scores:
 2 > 1; p<0.021*
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f k
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29. 29. Super Eigo TOEFL – Pre Test - – 2012/11/16:
ANOVA by Year Freshmen(1 年 ) vs. Sophomores (2
年)
Listening Scores:
 2 =>:= 1; p>0.05 (NS)
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30. eBooks and Future of Textbooks:
How to author EFL eBooks with Text to
Speech Technology
BEYOND CALL: INTEGRATION,
Theme:
NORMALISATION, OR SEPARATION?
JALTCALL SIG 2012
Konan University,
Nishinomiya, JAPAN.
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YASUDA, Masami,
June 2-3, 2012
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
E-Learning at KG Univ.
JALTCALL SIG 2012 Myasuda[at]kwansei.ac.jp
Konan University,
Nishinomiya, JAPAN.
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31. 31. Introduction: Use of iPads
 Useof iPads,
Web Browsing, E-mail
Photos, Videos
Music, Games
eBooks, etc.
An iPad as an eBook Reader … .
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But, how can we use iPads
k
 for language learning, CALL,
f
 and as mobile presentation tools?
31
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32. 32. iPads in WELL
(Web Enhanced Language Learning)
Lots of applications are available.
How to use iPads
for language learning: CALL, WELL
as mobile presentation tools,
and, for autonomous self learning.
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33. 33. iPads in WELL
(Web Enhanced Language Learning)
An iPad in class use
as an instruction mode
to present teaching materials
i.e. a show and tell gadget
Students have No iPads
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a CALL lab, with PCs
f
access to the internet
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34. 34. iPads – Ideal gadgets?
 CostPerformance?
 Hardware limitations
 VGA Output – Not all applications!
 iPad2 & 3 - OK!! BUT iPad1 - partial,
 Software:No FLASH vs. HTML5 war
 No keyboard short cuts (cut & paste)
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 Weight: Heavier than Note PC?
k
 No External storage devices
f
 But…being available - USB & HD on WiFi
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35. 35. Cloud Computing and Mobiles
 No external storage devices:
 Cloud Computing?
 DropBox,
 Evernote,
 SugarSynch, etc.
 Finally!!
 External storage –
 HD or USB via WiFi.
t h 604001002/ . s kr a m oo B
 HyperDrive HD
f k
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36. 36. eBook readers
 eBookreaders or dedicated devices
Apple’s iPad
Amazon’s Kindle,
SONY’s Libié, iRex’s Digital Reader
eBooks are
content-rich
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of wide general interest.
k
Changes in the literacy world
f
a viable device for EFL ・ ESL readers
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37. t h 604001002/ . s kr a m oo B
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37. iPad eBook Readers
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38. 38. iPad Text2Speech Applications
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39. 39. eBooks for EFL/ESL
 Can EFL teachers
 author or publish eBooks on the PC’s,
as well as
 on an iPad?
 Students would benefit from
reading eBooks, vocabulary
listening drills, etc.
 Content selection by teachers is the key!!
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 Cost effectiveness – Not yet??
 Prices - still too high for students in
f
class.
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40. 40. Microsoft Reader
 Microsoft Reader features:
 Page by page reading: files (LIT extension)
 Highlight word by word
 Synchronized audio reading
 Dictionary Lookup
 Platforms:
 Windows Mobile PCs,
 Smartphones (Windows CE),
 Mobile phones.
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41. 41. iPad eBooks:
Formats - ePUB and PDF
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42. 42. Class Group Portfolio Work:
Grading, and PDF Annotations
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43. 43. Process Writing Class:
Marking and Grading Blog Theads
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saekakg2011/2011/02/17/my-father-12/
http://kgblogcast.com/kgblogcast2011/
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44. 44. Comparison of eBooks:
with other media, and PDFs
 Comparison of
eBooks
with
the already developed BlogCast, PDFs
 Textto speech applications
Benefits to EFL students.
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 How eBooks would
k
help improve EFL reading skills
f
YouTube-eBooks– It's A Book - By Lane Smith 44
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45. 45. Comparison of eBooks: (2)
with other media, and PDFs
Audio Blog or
1 Media Books eBooks
Books Podcast PDF
2 Cost △ ◎ △ ◎ △
Audio/
4
Voice × △ ○ △ △
Text to
5
Speech × ○ × ○ ○
Highlight/
6
Synchro × ○ × △ ×
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× △ × ◎ △
k
7 Delivery
Control
× △ △ △ ×
f
8
Speed
45
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46. 46. A WELL Project:
‘Was the Night Before Christmas
Twas the Night before Christmas
by
Clement C. Moore
WELL:
Web Enhanced Language Learning
http://s.phpspot.org/u/myasuda/
Oral Presentation and Process Writing
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YASUDA, Masami,
f
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
E-Learning at KG Univ.
Myasuda[at]kwansei.ac.jp
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47. 47. Future Textbooks
 eBook Textbooks
 DedicatedeBook Readers
 Smartphones
 Merits
 Portability
 Budget, Interactivity
 Virtual Reality
 Demerits
 Budget, Authoring, Copyright
Authoring Software
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
k
 Publishers
 Amazon, Apple, etc.
f
 Teachers
 Programmers
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48. 48. eBooks Applications on iPads
 eBooks formats:
 From: Doc, Lit, Text
 To: ePub, PDF
 Sources:
 Project Gutenberg
 Publishers
 Mailing List
 Google Scholar -
Link
 Convertors:
 Calibre (Mac, Win) -
Link
 e2Pub (Web) - Link
 eBook reader
Options:
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 Text to speech
k
 Reading Speed
 Scrolling
f
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49. 49. Text to Speech on
iPad
 Applications
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50. 50. Text to Speech on iPad
 Publishers
 OUP
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51. 51. Text to Speech on iPad
 Settings
 Voice Over
 Text to Speech
 bywords, lines,
paragraphs
 Applications
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52. 52. Authoring & File Converters
 Authoring Software
 Microsoft Reader － Windows PC
 Calibre – PC, Macs
 Adobe Digital Editions
– Windows PC
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53. 53. File Converters
Authoring Software
FileConverter – iPad
(iOS5+)
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54. 54. Technology in
Language Teaching and Learning
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 Figure 1 Range-of-Use Technology Chart
 Szecsy, Elsie M. "Technology in Language Teaching and Learning." Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education. 2008. SAGE Publications. 29 Mar. 2009. <
http://www.sage-ereference.com/bilingual/Article_n313.html>.
 Source: EnGauge. Available from http:/ / www.ncrel.org/ engauge.  Broken Link Copyright © 2006 Learning Point Associates. All rights
reserved. Reprinted with permission.
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