Jaltar102206

CALL and Possibilities
of Action Research:
A report on a five-year field study of enhancing large
university EFL classes with CALL and Internet technology
http://s.phpspot.org/u/myasuda/

JALT First Annual Joint Tokyo Conference:
“Action Research - Influencing Classroom Practice”
Oct. 22, 2006. Tokyo

YASUDA, Masami,
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
October 22, 2006 myasuda@kwansei.ac.jp
Temple Univ., Tokyo

0. Introduction:
Entertainment!?

 Protopage: Web 2.0 panel site
 http://www.protopage.com/myasuda
 Pandora Music:
Web 2.0 music listening station
 http://www.pandora.com/people/myasuda
 Presentation link and memo site:
 http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/102206.f/

2

0.1. Introduction:
CAI, CALL, e-Learning, WELL
e-Learning:
Network Web based Learning

CAI: CALL:
Computer Assisted
Computer Assisted Instruction
Language Learning

http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/102206.f/
3

0.2 Overview of CALL History*
A: 1960 - 80 B: 1980 - 90 C: 1990 -
1. 行動主義的 1. 認知的/Cognitive 1. 知識構成主義/ Knowledge
Behavioristic 2. 道具としてのコンピュー building

2. チューターとしてのコター Computer
2. コミュニケーション環境としての
ンピューター/ as tools コンピューター/ E-mail, chats,
Tutorial 3. CD-ROM上の学習 Synchronic & asynchronic
3. コンピューター上教材 / CD-ROMs, communication
の学習教材 / Mac‟s (Computers) 3. 試行錯誤する場/ trials and
Study ware errors, sandbox, playroom
(FD‟s)
1. 閉じた課題 / 1. 半分開いた教材 / 1. 開いた課題 / Open ended task
Standalone Stand-alone half- 2. リサーチ型学習/ Research based
isolated tasks isolated tasks 3. 課題解決型学習/ Task based
2. Drill, pattern- 2. 穴埋め，Cloze, 並び Learning
替え，テキスト再構 4. データ駆動学習/ Data driven
practice
成など /Gap-fill, learning „発見学習？“
Cloze, Unscramble
texts

*境一三 Sakai ( 2004) CALLの歴史とその今日的意義について, 「e-learning 公開講座」 , 2004年5月13
日慶應義塾大学日吉ITC. Available on the web Translation mine 4

+ 0.３ Classroom Research:
Treatment Treatment & Control

Action Experimental
Research Research

- +
Control Control
Observation
Interaction
Method
(KJ Method, Analysis
Mindmap)

Adapted from the table in
- Sano(2000), 『アクション・リサーチの
Treatment Jump p. 204
すすめ』to Questionnaire analysis 5

0.4 Professional Development
Plan: Problems
to
Hypotheses,
identify, Observ Explanatory

ation Questions
(Teacher's, Researcher's)

Action Research
Questions, Inq
uiries, Demand
s for
changes, Belief
Analysis,
systems, etc.
Reflection,
Data & Note
Action Changes, collection, Prot
Public ocols, Journals
Reporting, :
Publishing (Teachers, students)
Return to Teaching Narrative Writing slide Jump to Questionnaire analysis 6

1.0 Presentation sub-title:
WELL: Web Enhanced Language Learning:

Technology for teaching writing
for large Univ. EFL classes in
Japan:
http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/102206.f/

A 5-year field study:
videos, a group Mailing List,
Groupware on the Internet
YASUDA, Masami,
Skip Abstracts Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,
myasuda@kwansei.ac.jp
October 22, 2006
Temple Ｕｎｉｖ．,
Tokyo http://myasuda-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/myindex.html
7

2.0 Introduction - L2 writing
 Dichotomies/Dilemmas
Fluency and accuracy

Contrastive rhetoric debate
Process vs. Product debate
Assessment
Feedback and error correction
cf. Casanave, Christine Pearson. (2004) Controversies in
second language writing. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Univ.
of Michigan

June 2-4, 2006 8

2.1 Kinds of questions to pose
 How can we focus on

meaning
 rather than
forms?

 Learning English
vs.

 Learning about English
 The place of
grammar learning and
correction. 9

2.2.1 Kinds of further questions
to pose (2) Individual and autonomy

 How can we create

“autonomous learning” environment
with group work?

10

2.3.1 Kinds of questions to
pose (3)

How can we put
communicative aspects
in classroom -
with or without
the use of E-mails?

Group Dynamics to expect!?
11

3.0 “Teaching narrative writing
in large EFL classes”
Jump to Action Research cycle

I would like, now, to present my

own experience of “Technology
for teaching narrative writing,”
 for oral and written communications
in
"regular" and
large
 EFL classes
on a Japanese university level. 12

3.1 The class needs and
purposes

 At the Law Dept, at Kwansei Gakuin
Univ., we offer two classes each for
the two year required English
courses.
 Semester system since 1987

13

3.2 two kinds of classes for each year

 Two: 1) Reading, 2) communication.
 credit hours of English

 total to 8 hours out of 16 hours
 in foreign language requirements.
 the general 'regular' EFL classes.
 “English Otsu” in Japanese,
 emphasis on oral and written communication.
 Adapted:
Video Narrative Writing via E-mail

14

3.3 Video Textbooks
 A few years with trials and errors

 Adopted a well-received Video
textbook entitled: (Oxford University Press)
Mystery Tour
and
 Jericho Conspiracy

Skip lesson plan details and jump to
Final Project: Video narration
15

4.0 Examples of actual lesson plans -
90 min.
 Cycle - 3 classes to cover two chapters

 Day 1–
Introduction
Preview TF Questions - 5 min.
Preview with digested video - 5 min.
Preview with full version video -10 min.
Comprehension checkups (TF) - 5 min.
Show and stop with
Explanation (Vocabulary, Grammar, Culture)
Questions and Answer drills - 60 min.
16

90 min. (2)

 Day 2 ( a week after)
Preview with digested video - 5
min.
E-mail grading – via ML - over
the weekend
Group presentation for approved
work 30 min.

17

90 min. (3)


 Day 3 ( 2 weeks after) - same as Day 1
 Group presentation for approved work 30
min.
 Quizzes on each chapter: Who said what?
Take home
 Final Project
 last two weeks –
 grading,
 recitation,
 record

18

4.3 Homework - sample work

 Error Correction, feedback

E-mails – Group work
Rewrites until approved
Deadline: Each Friday evening 20:00

 Final Project – 8 ½ min. digested
video
Use of stationary file - word processing
Group (All chapters except the last one)
Individual work (last chapter)

19

4.4 Homework - sample work (2)

 Course grading
Group and Individual work
Online quizzes
Final exam - only 30%

20

4.5 Homework - sample work
separate (3)

 Winning the students’ trust that their
work is being graded with feedback
 E-Mail archives
Web-mail (IMAP: Univ. official)
Yahoo Group site:
 yahoo.co.jp/mygroups
 yahoo.co.jp/group/Eng1z_KGLaw/files/Emails.f/

Index: infoseek. - Emails_all.html
21

5.0 Students‟ work:  E-mail work

Video narration  Video - Separate
video output (OHC)
 Audio Recording

22

6.0 IT tools -- mostly free!

Internet Browser:

Internet Explorer - both on
Windows and Macintosh
E-mails
Outlook Web Access, Outlook
Instructor: Eudora Pro on Macintosh
 Mailing List: no campus support
 Since2002 - started using
 Yahoo Group

 E-Mail archives: infoseek. - Emails_all.html
23
Jump to Final Project

7.0 Servers
 Personal files: Students and Instructors
Virtual Server - mail file and other

documents – can be accessed to from
home, too.
https://webmail.kwansei.ac.jp/
 Instructors’ notes, homework files
Only on campus - intranet

 Internet Server - off campus -
freeweb provider with FTP - free
server space
myasuda-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/myindex.html

24

 Mails:
7.1 Outlook Web Access: Web mail
(IMAP),
 Personal Files:
https://webmail.kwansei.ac.jp/ Z drives
 BBS: Public

Folders

25

7.2 BBS - Bulletin Board

 On-campus BBS
Not quite helpful
Not so useful.
So, instead of school BBS,
FreeBBS service (aaacafe)
Yahoo Group

26

7.3 Public Folders (BBS)

27

7.4 Off-campus BBS - aaacafe
and others

 URL: myasuda-
web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/bbs_f/b
bs100105.html
 URL: aaacafe.ne.jp - free
 www2.aaacafe.ne.jp/free/myasuda/main.bbs
 www2.aaacafe.ne.jp/free/myasuda/eng1z.bbs

28

7.5 On-line quizzes authoring and
delivery - QUIA and others

 QUIA - (login name: myasuda_kg)
http://www.quia.com/
QUIA - stores students' logs and
grades, but not item answers
Class portal page URL:
 http://www.quia.com/pages/masamimystery.html
 http://www.quia.com/pages/masamijericho.html

Instructor mode:
http://www.quia.com/servlets/quia.web.QuiaWebManager?tagModuleType=10400

29

7.6 Mailing List - pseudo
groupware

 Yahoo eGroup
http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/mygroups

 Other BBS - Groupware, etc. (Requires PIN)
 http://cgi.f11.aaacafe.ne.jp/~myasuda/treebbs/tree.php?mode=root

画像メモ (Requires PIN)
http://cgi.f3.aaacafe.ne.jp/~myasuda/gazoubbs/gazou.php

30

7.7 Final Project
 in the final class,
 Each student will recite and record

On cassette tapes
the narrative recitation work,
watching and synchronizing with

 an 8 1/2 minute long,
Digested and muted video story.
photos yahoo /Eng1z_KGLaw/slideshow
http://www.voiceblog.jp/myasuda/

Emails_all.html - all the mail exchanges
protected at Yahoo Group site
Return to Video textbook slides 31

7.8 Final Project: Audio

Video Narration – student’s

audio
 Student audio in MP3-shrt (Local)
 http://www.voiceblog.jp/myasuda/139636.html (Web)

Jump to Action Research cycle
32

8. Questionnaire – Online form
 Online questionnaire (Requires PIN) – hit return if error
 https://webinfo.kwansei.ac.jp/active/login

33

8.1 Questionnaire – Result 7/2004 - 2004 Spring
Freshmen Classes
 Excel file: ( n=12) Server: http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls

 Local Excel file :

34

Freshmen Classes – Raw Scale Average
Freshm en Eng. S pri '
ng 04- M yasuda
This shows what? both periods (N =12) R aw scales
3rd (N =4) & 4th peri (N =8)
od

5.
0

4.
0

3.
0

2.
0

1.
0

0.
0 まとまり資料有益
使い方が抽象的
話し方
内容は興
新しい知課題（
識や物事表、レ
発
質問応助言を与
理解度
適切に対よく出席
意欲的に
取り組ん
ほかの学授業に満英語によ
要約で訓
練するの
模範解答
を暗唱発
効果的説明味答え相談生に薦め足る講義表のほう
の見方ポート）応だが斬新
が
アンケート結果_bo th 3. 3333
8 3. 8182
1 3. 5
2 2. 4545 2. 6667
5 6 2. 1667 4. 8333
9 0 3. 8333 3. 1667
5 4 3. 1667
4 2. 5
7 5 4. 5
2 3. 3333 3. 6667 3. 3333 4. 8333
3 1 8 0 2
英語　乙　
Ｉ１組　３時限 3. 5
2 3 3. 5
2 2.5 2. 5
7 2.5 3. 5
7 3 3.5 3. 5
2 2. 5
7 5 3. 5
2 3. 5
7 2. 5
7 3. 5
2 3. 5
7 1. 5
7
英語　乙　
Ｉ２組　４時限 4. 25
1 3. 8571
2 3. 5
2 2. 7143
5 2. 25
6 3. 25
1 4. 5
2 3. 75
8 3. 75
3 3.5 2. 5
7 5 4. 5
7 3. 25
1 3. 75
3 4. 25
1 4. 5
2 2. 25
1
35

Freshmen Classes – Weighted Scores
 Excel file: ( n=12) Server:
http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls
 Local Excel file :

コメント
評価段階 ( 5 point scale: 1-5, NA ) names weighted scale
comments

1 全くそうは思わない Disagree strongly weights_1
-1.0
2 そうは思わない Disagree little weights_2
-0.5
3 どちらともいえない Neutral weights_3
0.0
どちらかというとそ
4 う思う
Agree little weights_4
0.5
5 そう思う Agree strongly weights_5
1.0
NA 不明・該当しない Not Applicable weights_9/NA
0.0
36

Freshmen Classes – Weighted Scores
Freshm en Eng. S pri '
ng 04- M yasuda
both periods (N =12)

3rd (N =4) & 4th peri (N =8)
od
W ei
ghted S cal (-1. -0. 0, +0. +1)
e 0, 5, 5,

100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
-10.0%
-20.0%
-30.0%
-40.0%
-50.0%
-60.0% 新しい知
課題（発
理解度意欲的にほかの学要約で訓
模範解答
まとまり資料有益使い方が抽象的内容は興表、レ質問応助言を与よく出席授業に満英語によを暗唱発
話し方_W 識や物事適切に対取り組ん生に薦め練するの
_W _W 効果的_W 説明_W 味_W ポート）答_W え相談_W _W 足_W る講義_W 表のほう
の見方_W 応_W だ_W _W が斬新_W
_W が_W
アンケート結果_W 41. %
7 9. %
1 12. %
5 -22. %
7 -16. %
7 -4. %
2 54. %
2 29. %
2 20. %
8 20. %
8 -12. %
5 100. %
0 62. %
5 16. %
7 8. %
3 41. %
7 54. %
2 -50. %
0

37

9.0. Projects in progress

 Weblog Projects:

 http://advcomp.wordpress.com/

 RSS feeder in Web 2.0:
 http://reader.www.infoseek.co.jp/reader/

 Composition grading: Online
 Slide show stored at:
 http://1458462720.slide.com/

38

9.1. Projects in progress (2)

Weblog Projects:

http://advcomp.wordpress.com/

 Students Weblogs and comments
Protected privacy with PINs
 http://advcomp.wordpress.com/tag/classblog/
 http://myasuda.my.land.to/treebbs/tree.php?n=470

39

9.2 Projects in progress (3)

 Portfolio: WELL projects:

 http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/p
ublic_html/032205.f/
 Audio Projects:
 http://wiki.livedoor.jp/myasudakg/d
/MenuBar2

WELL Project
Presentation
2004 and others
40

9.3 Projects in progress (4)

 AJAX and Web 2.0

 http://advcomp.wordpress.com/tag/web20/
 What it is:
 http://www.google.com/search?q=Ajax&q=Web2.0

 Netvibes and Protopage, etc.
 http://www.netvibes.com/
 http://myasuda-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/eng2z.f/KG-
Netvibes.f/slideshow040906.html

 Video on demand
 http://myasuda-
web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/eng1z.f/OneCampus.f/

41

10.1. Projects in progress (A)

Wiki pages

BBS links:
 http://myasuda-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/bbs_f/bbs100105.html

Syllabus pages:
 http://www.wikihouse.com/myasuda/index.php?Adv-Comp

Hyperlink wiki page:
 http://f3.aaa.livedoor.jp/~myasuda/tiddlywiki02/

42

10.2. Projects in progress (B)

Wiki pages (cont’d)

pukiwiki: (Requires PIN)
 http://f3.aaa.livedoor.jp/~myasuda/pukiwiki14/pukiwiki.php

Wiki*2:
 http://wikiwiki.jp/myasuda/?PodcastLinks

Wiki Livedoor:
 http://wiki.livedoor.jp/myasudakg/d/CALL%2dA302

43

10.3. Projects in progress (C)

Wiki Livedoor: audio projects

 http://wiki.livedoor.jp/myasudakg/d/Audio

CALL Laboratory System
 http://myasuda.my.land.to/kglaw-it.f/2006.f/

Video Interview in mpeg4 (LOCAL)

44

11. New Assignment:
VOA – GroundZero2006
平均 Mean 33.93% 標準偏差 SD 24.30 n= 103
Quia Quiz on Ground Zero2006 story

度数 /n 割合 / ratio

1-Freshmen 0.74
90
2-Sophomores 0.22
27
3-Adv-Comp 5 0.04
20
合計 / total 122 1.00
15

“x”
910 8
90 100
8 98 10 75
67 7 6

“x”
5 50
3
4 5
233 11 210
27
25
00 0 5

2-Sophomores

3-Adv-Comp
1-Freshmen
-10 0 10 2030 4050 6070 8090 110

45

11.1. VOA – GroundZero2006 (2)
 Grades % : Analysis of Variance – by Level
110

100
GroundZeo2006_%

90
80
70
60
ALL -

50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
1-Fres hm en 2-S ophomores ‚ ·‚×‚ Ä‚ ÌƒyƒA
T ukey-Kram er‚ ÌHSDŒŸ ’è
3-A dv-Comp
Level 0.05

level n mean SD 要因自由度 p値
平方和(SS) 平均平方 F値
factors (df) (Prob.>F)
1-
Freshmen
71 29.58 2.74 Level 2 7048.904 3524.45 6.627 0.002***
2-
Sophomores 27 39.63 4.44 誤差/ error 100 53183.620 531.84

3-
5 65.00 10.31 全体(修正済み) 102 60232.524
AdvComp

46

11.0 Curriculum Change Plans:
Attainment Tests to install

英語の関学 vs. 関学の英語

 Attainment Tests in EFL at Law Dept.:
 Competency Tests for graduation
 Writing PDF 法学部コース

 Listening (Stories, Lectures)
 Automatic Essay Scoring
 My tentative proposal 認証要 
 Pilot testing

47

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