1. GERUNDS-INFINITIVES-PARTICIPLES
GERUNDS
Learning French is interesting Did you go shopping?
Gardening is an interesting hobby Did you go mountain climbing?
Swimming is a good sport Did you go skiing?
My hobby is collecting stamps I enjoy her dancingi
The best sport is swimming I don’t like you coming late
His favourite sport is climbing the mountains She hated him wearing the red tie
Tuti’s cooking is very good I enjoy cooking
Her reading is very good I finish working
Your writing is beautiful We’d better keep working
The reading books are on the table
The waiting room is ful of people
The waiting stick is like gold

2. Setelah kata-kata berikut :
finish
enjoy
mind
quit (give up) postpone (put off) + ( -ing )
delay ----------------
avoid ( gerund )
keep (keep on)
appreciate
consider (think about)
discuss (talk about)
INFINITIVES
To ride fast is dangerous
= It is dangerous to ride fast
To speak Frech is difficult
= It is difficult to speak French

3. INFINITIVES OR GERUNDS
begin recommend
continue allow
intend permit
dread propose
+ gerunds/infinitives
prefer forget
try remember
advice regret
Dislike stop
Examples : Compare!
The woman began to laugh He advised me to stop
smoking
(The woman began laughing) He advised stopping smoking
The traffic continued to move slowly She recommends housewives to
buy the big tins
(The traffic continued moving slowly) She recommends buying the big
tins
They intend to call her tomorrow They don’t allow us to park here
(They intend calling her tomorrow) They don’t allow parking here

4. 4. INFINITIVES WITHOUT - TO
let
+ objects + infinitives whitout -to
Make
help
Have
Examples :
He let me drive his car
They helped me do my assignment
The instructor made us repeat the sentence severai times
I have him clean the room
5. INFINITIVES WITHOUT – TO OR PRESENT PARTICIPLES
feel infinitives whithout - to
hear listen to
see
Present Participles
Present Participles
watch notice
observe
perceive

5. Examples :
I felt the car move. (I felt the carmoving)
I heard him practice his violin. (I heard him practicing his violin)
We watched him mow the lawn. (We watched him moving the lawn)
We saw them come across the street. (We saw them coming across the street)
He didn’t notice me wait for him. (He didn’t notice me waiting for him)
6. PRESENT PARTICIPLE
keep
catch
find + object + Present Participles
smell
hark
Examples :
We caught them stealing apples
She kept me waiting too long
Did you find them playing ?
I can smell fish cooking
Please hark at that woman talking

6. 7. PAST PARTICIPLES
Have + object + Past participles
get
Examples :
They got their car washed at the garage
He has his shoes shined everday
I hadmy suit pressed yesterday
8. PRESENT PARTICIPLES AND PAST PARTICIPLES FUNCTION AS ADJECTIVES
Examples :
Compare!
a) Attributive Position b) Predicative
an interesting film Yane is bored because her job is boring
a tiring job I was disappointed with the movie because the movie
was disappointing
surprising news Ann is really excited about going to Indonesia
the disappointing movie It will be exciting for her