4. Primary Objects of the Preparatory
process
• To prepare the warp yarn in a sheet form
• To wind the weft yarn on a suitable package
• To preserve and enhance the quality of the
yarn
• To eliminate the defect inherent in the yarn
• To improve its strength and suppress its
hairiness
5. Warping
• To form a continuous sheet of yarn of
specified length and width - using number
of cones or cheese
• Individual ends of the sheet should be
spaced uniformly across its full width
• All the ends should be wound at uniform
tension
• The density of the beam should be uniform
throughout.
7. For Satisfactory Level of Tension
• Coarse Yarns upto 18s -- 14 to 16 gms.
• Medium counts 18s to 35s -- 10 to 12 gms
• Fine Counts 36s to 48s -- 8 to 9 gms.
• Super fine counts & above 48s -- 6 to 8 gms
8. Standard Speeds (Metres per min.)
S.No. Machine Type Grey
Coloured or
Meant for
Beam Dyeing
1. Direct Warping
Super Speeds
10s to 50s
Above 50s
640
550
450
450
2. High Speeds
10s to 50s
Above 50s
450
400
350
300
3. Semi High Speeds
Semi High Speeds
275 180
4. Slow Speed 100 100
Sectional Warping
1 HighSpeed(Warping/
Beaaming)
360 /120
2. SlowSpeed(Warping/
Beaming)
160 / 40
9. Breakage Rate (Per 1000 metres and
400 ends)
Grey and for beam
dyeing
C
olour
MachineType
Upto50s A
bove
50s Upto50s A
bove
50s
Super SpeedWarper 1.00 1.25 3.00 3.00
HighSpeedWarper 2.00 3.00 6.50 6.50
SlowSpeedWarper 3.00 4.00 5.50 5.50
SectionWarping
C
otton 4
Polyester B
lends 3
10. Sizing
OBJECT OF SIZING
• To improve the abrasion resistance of the
yarn
• To reduce the hairiness
• To increase the strength of yarn to
withstand the stress and strain
11. Sizing Technology
• Direct Warping and multi-cylinder sizing
• Sectional warping and multi-cylinder sizing
• Direct warping and hot air and multi-cylinder
sizing
12. Quality of Sized Beam
• Ends wound straight and parallel to each
others
• Uniform tension from end to end
• Uniform warp density throughout the sized
beam
• Selvedge ends not high or low but flat with
the warp.
• Uniform application of size.
13. Norms for various properties during
sizing
• Mechanical Stretch - 1.5 to 2.0%
• Gain in Strength upto 48s > 25%
Above 48s >15-20%
• p/c blend 67/33 > 5 - 10%
• Loss in elongation < 25%
good Avg. Poor
• Percentage of Dead Loss 20 27 40
• Size Pickup Variation +1.5 +2.0 +3.0
• Migration of Ends - upto48s 5 10 15
– Above 48s 12 15 20
• Incidence of Lappers 0.75 1.00 1.50
• (Lappers per 1000 mts. /1000 ends)
• Size Droppings - 0.15 % of the size pickup(by
weight)
14. Sizing
A - Warper’s Beam D - Drying Cylinder
B - Immersion Roller E - Leasing
C - Squeezing Roller F - Weaver’s Beam
16. Hard Waste in Sizing
Norms for HardWaste
Descrip
tion
Greel/Si
zed
Bains Unit
Good Avg. Poor
Grey
F – Set
Change
M 20 25 30
Set
Change
Sized
F-Set
Change
M 15 20 30
Lappers
and
Other
Grey
V –
Weight
% 0.04 0.08 0.09
F - Fixed V - Variable
17. Hard Waste in Drawing in
Good Average Poor
No. of redrawing beams per 1000
loom shift
0.4 0.8 1.5
Drawing in
Norms forHard Waste
Description Basis Unit
Good Avg. Poor
Length out off. Before
drawing to get an
distrubed layer of ends
F – Beam
drawer
Mts 0.5 1.0 2.0
F - Fixed
18. PIRN Winding
Weft is supplied to the looms in two forms
• Weft Directly spun on pirn in weft ring frames
and
• Weft rewound from large cheeses or cones on
pirns in pirn winding machines.
19. Pirn Winding Machines are classified
as
• Ordinary non-automatic pirn winding
machines (Hatex, Universal etc.)
• Automatic four spindle unit pirn winding
machines (Senmet, Hakoba)
• Automatic single - spindle unit pirn winding
machines (Scharer, Scheweiter)
20. The performance of these machines are
evaluated in terms of
• End breakage rate
• Transfer failure
• Bunch Failure
• Package faults
• Hard waste level
21. The basic factors affecting the unwinding
performance of the pirns
• Winding tension
• Winding Distance
• Chase Angle
