Toursim Development Plan for Konaseema and Coringa Zones Of East Godavari District Of Andhraprades

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DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND
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JNAFAU, HYDERABAD- 500028
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NAME : AKELLA LAKSHMI NARASIMHA MURTHY
ROLL NUMBER : 12011BA002
SEMESTER : B.TECH PLANNING, VIII SEMESTER
SUBJECT : PLANNING PROJECT
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TITLE OF THE PROJECT : TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR KONASEEMAAND
CORINGA ZONES OF EAST GODAVAI DISTRICT
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR KONASEEMAAND
CORINGA ZONES OF EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT
DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY
BY-A.L.N.MURTHY
12011BA002
VIII-SEMESTER
B.TECH-PLANNING
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INTRODUCTION:-
•Development plan is a method or plan chosen to bring
about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or
solution to a problem.
•In terms of tourism, developments can be implemented to
focus on revamping heritage sites, sustainable financial
resources, human capital investment, demand structure etc..
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BACK GROUND:-
•Tourism is often considered as a significant factor in the
economy of many nations.
•Today tourism related infrastructure in various parts of
the world has improved the quality of life of the local
people and helped to promote local arts and crafts.
•The term tourist was firstly used as official term in 1937
by the “League of Nations” (LN). Tourism was defined
as,” people travelling abroad for period of over 24 hours.
•Today tourism industry is contributing 9% to direct
global GDP, 235 million jobs worldwide, 30% of the
world’s exports of services, Generating 103 billion dollars
of revenue by the tourists
NEED FOR THE STUDY:-
•East Godavari district is one of the richest districts in
India and first in A.P also known as rice bowl of A.P and
India (with west Godavari).
AIM:-
•To prepare Tourism development plan for konaseema and
coringa zones of East Godavari district
OBJECTIVES:-
• To study the tourism potential of the entire study region to
understand the present status of tourism infrastructure.
• To study the selected Desktop studies for proper
formulation of the plan
• To identify the problems and issues related to sustainability
and gaps in tourism infrastructure.
SCOPE:-
•The scope of the study is about creating a marketable game
based on certain aspects like cultural, historical, religious,
ecology, etc of the study region.
LIMITATIONS:-
•The study is limited to prepare Tourism development plan
for konaseema and coringa zones of East Godavari district
•The major part of the analysis is based upon the availability
of the secondary information.
•Proposals are limited up to estimate costing of the project.
INTRODUCTION
•Till now APTDC promoted tourism under the name of
konaseema but not in the real delta.
•So, emphasizing on the real konaseema which is very rich
in natural scenery and resembles like Kerala in the eastern
side of India would help in boosting tourism

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AIM
OBJECTIVES
1. To study the tourism
potential of the entire
study region
 Profile of the study
area
 Connectivity
 Existing tourism
infrastructure
 Tourism potentials
3. To identify the problems and issues
related to sustainability and gaps in
tourism infrastructure
 Environmental issues
 Marketing issues
 Gaps in tourism Infrastructure
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS AND ISSUE IDENTIFICATION
Primary survey
 Visual observations and
photographs
 Collection of information
from the officials
 Secondary survey
 Collection of Census data
 Infrastructure details.
 Administrative maps,
tourism maps etc..
Sources
 APTDC
 Concerned municipalities
 NGO's
 Other Departments
PROPOSALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
 Tourism background of India
 Alleppey backwaters tourism case study
 Sundarbans mangroves case study
LITERATURE AND DESKTOP STUDY
METHODOLOGY
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2. To study the selected Desktop
studies for proper formulation of the
plan
 Alleppey backwaters case study
 Sundarbans mangroves case study
METHODOLOGY

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2. Literature Study
Tourism in ancient India:
•India’s glorious traditions and rich cultural heritage are
closely related with the development of tourism.
•In ancient India, there were no travel formalities for
travelling in the period of Chandragupta - II, and that
time the famous Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien travelled
between A.D. 401 and 410 without a passport.
•But in the 3rd century B.C. a passport or mudra was
essential, according to Kautilya‟s Arthashastra, for all
travelers.
Tourism in british India:
•During the British period, tourism in India becomes more
organized. They built Dak Bungalows on the road side for
the convenience of dak traveler.
•The British setup the Archaeological survey of India (ASI)
in the 19th century to document the wealth of material
available in the country.
•The ASI found India as a storehouse of art, paintings; crafts
appeared on pots found in the Indus valley civilization as
early as the 3rd century B.C.
Tourism in modern India:
•Tourism in modern India is economically important
and is growing rapidly. The World Travel & Tourism
Council (WTTC) calculated that tourism generated
₹8.31 lakh crore of the nation's GDP in 2015 and
supported 37.315 million jobs, 8.7% of its total
employment.
•About 22.57 million tourists arrived in India in 2014,
compared to 19.95 million in 2013. This ranks India as
the 38th country in the world in terms of foreign tourist
arrivals.
•The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for
the development and promotion of tourism.
GOI policies and schemes on tourism:
•The first public milestone in the history of tourism was the
creation of the Indian Tourism Development Corporation
(ITDC), in 1966 a federal organization was meant to develop
tourist infrastructure and services.
•ITDC and private entrepreneurs set up luxury hotels in the
metropolitan, international entry and exit points for tourists.
•In Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Goa and Himachal Pradesh
tourism was much more consistently incorporated into state
five year plans
•Most of the present Indian tourist destinations, however, were
developed through a slow process which started with the
arrival and their interaction with local communities.
LITERATURE STUDY

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National tourism policy -1982
•A tourist circuit consists of a number of tourist sights which
are geographically or thematically grouped together.
•In-depth analysis and marketing study, the circuit idea was
born out of the feeling that 'the Golden Triangle' destinations of
Delhi-Jaipur-Agra and the Bombay-Goa shopping-and-beach
circuits were developed.
•The circuit concept was centered around the establishment of
so-called contels (condominium hotels) in undeveloped and
possibly 'backward' villages and hamlets.
Tourism development in 1990’s:-
•In the 1980s, the growing public interest in tourism
resulted in the recognition of tourism as an export
industry and the creation of a special public Tourism
finance corporation of India (TFCI) in1987.
• In 1997 the department of tourism published a New
National Tourism Action Plan. Apart from identifying a
few areas for 'integrated tourism development', along the
lines of the aforementioned thematic tourism circuits, the
aim of the plan was to achieve an overall growth and
improvement of the tourism sector in India, by stepping
up marketing, infrastructure building and human resource
development.
•With the opening up of the Indian market, a lively
competition between the states emerged in attracting
investors in industry and other sectors.
•The governments of other states increasingly follow
Kerala's example:
•Recognizing the income earning and job generation
potential of tourism
•More actively promoting tourism through publicity
campaigns and giving support and incentives to the
private sector
•Largely putting private entrepreneurs in charge of the
provision of tourist services
National tourism policy -2002
•The policy aims at increasing the number of domestic and
international tourists. In order to do this, the government
proposes to diversify the Indian tourism product and
substantially improve the quality of tourism infrastructure,
marketing, visa arrangements and air travel.
•Policy highlighted seven key areas that would provide the
required thrust to tourism development. These were: Swagat
(welcome), Soochana (information), Suvidha (facilitation),
Suraksha (safety), Sahyog (cooperation), Samrachana
(infrastructure development) and Safai (cleanliness).
•The National Tourism Policy 2002 was futuristic with guiding
principles that hold relevance even today. It offered and
activation of destination India’s core offering to the international
travelling markets as well as domestic . 4
LITERATURE STUDY

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Incredible India campaign:-
•Incredible India is the name of an international marketing
campaign by the Government of India (GOI) to promote
tourism in India in 2002 to an audience of global appeal.
•The campaign projected India as an attractive tourist
destination by showcasing different aspects of Indian
culture and history like yoga, spirituality, etc.
•In 2009, Minister of tourism, unveiled plans to extend the
Incredible India campaign to the domestic tourism sector as
well. USD 12 million out of a total budget of USD 200
million was allocated in 2009 for the purpose of promoting
domestic tourism
•The campaign which was titled 'Atithidevo Bhava',
Sanskrit for 'Guests are like God'. Atithidevo Bhava aimed
at creating awareness about the effects of tourism and
sensitizing the local population about preservation of India's
heritage, culture, cleanliness and hospitality.
•The campaign received very well by the Indian travel
industry analysts and tour operators were appreciative of the
high standards of the 'Incredible India' campaign. "The
campaign made a powerful impact on creating a perception
of India being a magical place to visit.”
•. Some observers felt that it had failed to cover several
aspects of India which would have been attractive to the
average tourist.
Draft national tourism policy – 2015
•To enhance the share of international tourist arrivals and
revenue through a sustained growth path.
•Stimulate repeat, year-round visitation with high
dispersion across the destination.
•Promote domestic tourism, develop and promote tourism
in a responsible, sustainable manner economically,
socially, culturally and environmentally.
•Position India as a welcoming, safe and sustainable
destination for both Foreign & Domestic Tourists and
enhance the image of brand ‘Incredible India’.
•To increase India’s share in world tourist arrivals from
the present 0.68% to 1% by 2020 and to 2% by 2025.
•Focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of tourism
growth. Focus on development and promotion of the
North East Region and the state of Jammu & Kashmir.
Swadesh Darshan and Prasad Schemes:-
•The Ministry of Tourism has introduced two new schemes
in 2014-15 i.e. PRASAD- Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and
Spiritual Augmentation Drive and Swadesh Darshan -
Integrated Development of Theme-Based Tourist Circuits
to develop tourist destinations of global standards with a
vision to develop on the principles of high tourist value,
competitiveness and sustainability in an integrated manner
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E-Tourist Visa:-
•In order to boost tourism numbers, the Indian Government decided to
implement a new visa policy, allowing visitors to obtain a visa on arrival at
designated international airports by obtaining an Electronic Travel
Authorization (ETA) online before arrival without the need to visit an
Indian consulate or visa centre. At present this policy is made available to
113 countries, The visa allows holders of Electronic Travel Authorization
(ETA) to enter and stay anywhere in India for 30 days. The ETA can be
obtained twice in a single calendar year.
Visa policy of India:-
•Nationals of Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal do not require a visa. A
Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required to enter some parts of north east
and Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required to enter the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands and Special permits are needed to enter Lakshadweep
Islands.
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LITERATURE STUDY

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Tourism in Andhra Pradesh:
•Located on the southeastern coast of India, Andhra Pradesh
has the second longest coastline in the country of 974km along
the Bay of Bengal.
•The state is gifted with a wide variety of ecology, flora &
fauna. Key natural assets include Eastern Ghats, Nallamala
Forest, Coastal plains, delta regions formed by the two major
rivers - Krishna and Godavari. Andhra Pradesh has been one of
the highest visited states in the country.
•Andhra Pradesh crossed mark of 200 million tourists in 2012
from 110 million tourists in 2006., Tirupati is the most visited
place in the state by domestic tourists, attracting over 36 million
tourists annually & Vizag is highest visited district by
international tourists .
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LITERATURE STUDY

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Andhra Pradesh Tourism Policy 2015-20:
•The policy aims to develop AP as one of the most preferred
tourist destinations through sustained investments, robust
infrastructure projects and services, and provide world-class
tourist experience.
•The policy's objectives are to facilitate investments in the
tourism sector to the tune of Rs 10,000 crore, raise its
contribution to 7 per cent of the state GDP and create 5 lakh
additional jobs by 2020.
•All projects with investment above Rs 200 crore, irrespective of
the location, will be treated as mega tourism projects. Additional
incentives and concessions on a case-to- case basis may be
granted with nod from agencies concerned.
•The document provides for incentives like reduction in VAT
(from 14 to 5 per cent), reimbursement of land registration
charges, and waiver of entertainment tax for three years and
lower rate of electricity tariff, among others, for tourism plans.
•AP government established Andhra Pradesh Urban Greening
and Beautification Corporation and Swachha Andhra
Corporation to create green public spaces by converting urban
open spaces into ecologically sustainable green lungs and to
improve the quality of life in urban areas and to eliminate open
defecation, eradication of manual scavenging, Solid and Liquid
Waste Management.
3. Desktop study: 1-Alleppey Tourism
Development Co-operative Society
•Alleppey, is the administrative headquarters of
Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India
with an urban population of 174,164, with an area of
46 sqkms, sex ratio of 1079, and density of 4,466
sq.kms having highest literacy rate of 96.26% in
Kerala.
•A city with picturesque canals, backwaters, beaches,
and lagoons, it was described as the one of the places
known as the "Venice of the East
•Alappuzha is an important tourist destination in India.
The Backwaters of Alappuzha are the most popular
tourist attraction in Kerala. Alappuzha is the access
point for the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race.
•The position of Alleppey in the tourism map of
Kerala, the southern-most State of India, is very
important and it is indeed an integral component of the
Kerala tourism product which has been rated as “one
of the fifty destinations to be visited in one’s lifetime”
by the National Geographic Magazine (NGM). It is
attracting 79851 international tourists and 1341290
domestic tourists per year and generating an economy
of almost 672 crores per annum.
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Map showing location of Aleppey in Kerala map
ATDC - Alleppey tourism development co-operative society
•Alleppey Tourism Development Co-operative Society Ltd. is the premier body in the
district of Alleppey, Kerala for the promotion of tourism. It was the first Co-operative
movement in Kerala for promoting tourism, started in 1987.
•ATDC has more than 100 members. ATDC has gained a unique position in Kerala's
tourism arena as the organizers of India's first elephant rally on 11th August 1989 and
ATDC has also initiated many festivities and functions which later served as
precedents for the State Government to make those a regular feature of Kerala's
tourism calendar. ATDC also arranges cultural performances (Kathakali), Snake boat
races, Elephant march etc. for the tourist groups.
• The rough plan of ATDC was to act mainly as a singular marketing face for all the
independent boat owners while the boat owners would concentrate on operational
matters themselves.
•The historic first trip was inaugurated in 1987, three Europeans being the first-ever
guests. The total cost of the itinerary was estimated to be Rs.1500/- while the income
realized was a small amount of Rs. 75/- Now, almost every interested agricultural
worker is an employee of the tourism service sector.
•ATDC markets not just a backwater holidaying, but the identity and sense of
Alleppey in its entirety. Unanimity among members in their opinions on matters
ranging from ATDC’s day-to-day operational matters to the long-term strategy
formulation.
•The scope for cyber-platform-based alternative business networks spread across
geographical and political boundaries have been luring many ATDC members.
•Cooperative advantage” might become an uncompetitive proposition when faced
with business models which stage better acts, as is evident from the rural tourism.
House boat in Alleppey backwaters
Snake boat race in backwaters of Kerala
Boating in creek of backwaters
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4. Desktop study: 2- Sundarbans Mangrove Forests of West Bengal
•The Sundarban National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve
in West Bengal, India. The area in India is about 1,330.12 sq kms and has been declared
as UNESCO heritage sites and it is a reserved forest.
•The delta is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for
the Bengal tiger. It is also home to a variety of bird, reptile and invertebrate species,
including the salt-water crocodile.
•Sundarban has achieved its name from the Sundari Trees. It is the most exquisite variety
of trees that are found in this area, a special kind of Mangrove tree.
•The Sundarbans forest is home to more than 400 tigers and endangered species like royal
Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, river terrapin, olive ridley turtle, Ganges River dolphin,
hawksbill turtle and mangrove horseshoe crab, fishing cats etc.
•Around 1,80,000 tourists visit the Sunderbans annually Apart from viewing the wildlife
from boat safaris, The only means of travelling the park is to by boat, down the various
lanes formed by the many flowing rivers. Local boats or vessels operated by the West
Bengal Tourism Development Corporation. It is contributing 400 crore per year to Indian
economy through fishing, timber, honey, tourism, pharmacy and generating work to
nearly 1,57,000 men every year.
•Though protection exists in the park, the geographical topography with hostile terrain
cris-crossed by several rivers and their tributaries, long international border with
Bangladesh, fishing trawlers and launches enables poaching and the cutting of wood,
affecting the mangrove forests. Sunderban tigers hunt humans, and it is estimated that
over a thousand of the local people have been killed by tigers over the past four decades.
Unregulated tourism has led to massive water pollution, which is caused by the large
number of vessels plying in the rivers and channels.
Map showing sundarbans in West bengal
Royal Bengal tiger in sundarbans
Aerial view of sundarbans
Sundari trees in sundarbans
Deforestation of mangroves in sundarbans
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DESKTOP STUDY

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5. Study Area: Konaseema and Coringa Zones of East Godavari District
Criteria: 1-Biodiversity: Coringa mangroves are the second
largest mangroves in India after sunder bans on the east coast of
India. It is a wild life sanctuary, but no proper publicity and
infrastructure facility has failed to promote this rich natural gift
to the district.
•24 mangrove rare tree species are present in this region, 120
bird species of various kinds are present, Home to critically
endangered species, near threatened species, vulnerable species
such as white-backed vulture and the long billed vulture, painted
stork, Oriental white ibis, ferruginous pochard, spot-billed
pelican and world famous Asian water birds.
Criteria: 2-Tourism Potential: APTDC (Andhra Pradesh
tourism development Corporation) is promoting tourism in East
Godavari district under the name of konaseema but not in the
real delta. So, emphasizing on the real konaseema which is very
rich in natural scenery and resembles like Kerala in the eastern
side of India would help in boosting tourism in the district and
attract more tourists.
•There are many famous temples such as Antarvedi, Ainavilli,
and Muramalla, Back waters , lush green fields.
•Beaches such as Odalarevu , s.yanam , ( Identified under
Swadesh darshan scheme) Antarvedi ( sangam) are present
•Buddhist sites, Local Arts and Crafts, Culture, Cuisine,
Festivals, Processions etc. are also famous in this region.
Selection criteria:-
Criteria: 3-Culture
•Konaseema region is very famous for celebrating
Sankranthi festival, Godavari pushkaralu, dussehra and
many other festivals which absolutely reflects true
telugu culture. Konaseema culture is very popular in
the state and is known for hospitality.
•Sankranthi prabhala processions, Cock fights & Bull
Races, Martial arts , Telugu cuisine .
Panoramic view of coconut country Konaseema
Panoramic view of coringa creek and the Bay of Bengal
District profile:
•East Godavari district is a district in Coastal Andhra
region of Andhra Pradesh, India. As of Census 2011, it
is the most populous district of the state with a
population of 5,151,549. The district has a population
density of 477 inhabitants per square kilometer. East
Godavari has a sex ratio of 1005 females for every
1000 males, and literacy rate of 71.35% 11
STUDYAREA DESCRIPTION

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•The district has 7 revenue divisions namely, Amalapuram, Etapaka, Kakinada, Peddapuram,
Rajahmundry, Ramachandrapuram and Rampachodavaram with 65 mandals, consisting
1,374 villages, 2 Municipal Corporation, 7 municipalities and 10 census towns.
•East Godavari is famous for agriculture because of fertile lands which are adequately
irrigated throughout the year. Sir Arthur Cotton turned entire Godavari region to fertile
position with his wonderful engineering mind; he constructed Dowleswaram Barrage across
the river Godavari.
•East Godavari is well connected through Rail, Road, Water and Air. The National Highway
5 connecting Chennai and Howrah passes through this district. Rajahmundry, Tuni and
Samalkot are the railway junctions in the district. The district has an airport in Rajahmundry
at Madhurapudi (which is 10 km from Rajahmundry City Centre and 65 km from
Kakinada). Kakinada has a major sea port which is predicted to be a potentially important
port after Chennai, Paradip, Kolkata and Visakhapatnam along the east coast of India.
•The district has one of the most scenic places of the state and is blessed with virgin
backwaters in konaseema. Godavari Pushkaram is observed once in 12 years marked by a 12
day pooja. The district very widely celebrates Sankranti festival associated with unique
event like Cock-fights, Bull-race attracting scores of visitors. Known for its cuisines &
snack varieties ,Veda pathashala, Ayurvedic medicines, fireworks manufacturing .
Map showing East Godavari district in
Andhra Pradesh map
Map showing Revenue divisions of
East Godavari district
Map showing road connectivity
of East Godavari district
Kakinada beach
Eco tourism at mardumilli
Adurru buddhist site
Annavaram temple
Back water resorts at konaseema
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Study Area Description: 1-Konaseema Zone
•Konaseema is an area in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, between
the two branches of the Godavari River and the Bay of Bengal. It is located in
16°37'47"N 82°1'55"E. Amalapuram is the Major town in this region and is
known for its Vedic culture. Its northern edge is marked by the 'Gautami' branch
of the Godavari River, the southern edge is marked by 'Vasistha' branch of the
Godavari River and its Eastern side by the Bay of Bengal that the river flows into
and a place where Godavari divides into 8 tributaries and joins the sea. It has a
total population of 12, 60789 and an area of 1112 sq.kms, sex ratio of 1005 per
1000 males, average literacy rate of 77% and 17 mandals fall in this region, and is
one of the major educational centers in East Godavari district.
•The entire area is very well connected with roads NH-5,214 passes through the
region and nearest railway stations are Rajahmundry, Narsapur and Kakinada.
Those travelling by air can board flights to rajahmundry, which is located at a
distance of approximately 63 km.
•It is the only region in Andhra Pradesh to be blessed with abundant backwaters
amidst fields, beaches, forest areas, temples, mangroves, oil rigs etc. The areas
has oil extraction sites, gas extraction blown out sites, famous colleges ,Buddhist
places, famous Hindu temples, and resorts amidst lush green fields and many
more. The native system of Chedi Talimkhana is often abbreviated to Talimkhana
came to Konaseema region during Vijayanagara Empire. The art makes use of
several weapons which are used in preset forms.
•In addition, festivals celebrated in the region attract tourists.Rathotsavam, and
Prabhala Theertham, are the most famous festivals celebrated in this region and
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary and odalarevu are some other prominent attractions.
Map showing konaseema zone with mandals
Night view of Backwater resorts in konaseema
Backwater resorts and house boating in konaseema
Cock fighting during sankranthi 13

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BASE MAP OF
AMALAPURAM REVENUE
DIVISON
BASE MAP OF AMALAPURAM REVENUE DIVISON, EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT
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ROADS AND BUILDINGS (R&B) CONNECTIVITY MAP OF AMALAPURAM REVENUE DIVISON
(R&B) CONNECTIVITY MAP
OFAMALAPURAM
REVENUE DIVISON
1:96,000
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MAP SHOWING CANALS,CHANNELS AND DRAINS IN KONASEEMA DELTADISTRICT
MAP SHOWING
CANALS,CHANNELS AND
DRAINS IN KONASEEMA
DELTA
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Study Area Description: 2-Coringa Zone
•Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and Estuary situated in Andhra
Pradesh, India. It is the second largest surviving stretch of mangrove forests with an area
of 235.7 km2 on the East coast of India with 24 mangrove tree species, and more than
120 bird species. It is home to the critically endangered white-backed vulture, and long
billed vulture. Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is 18 km from the port city Kakinada, on the
Kakinada-Yanam state highway, nestling on the deltaic branches of Gautami and
Godavari Rivers at Kakinada Bay. The sanctuary is a part of the Godavari estuary and has
extensive mangrove and dry deciduous tropical forest.
•The Average temperature of the region is 17 °C to 40 °C. Average Rainfall is greater
than 1,000 mm. About half of the area is the backwater, which include a sand pit of
18 km stretch. The rivers Coringa and Gaderu and their deltaic branches intersect the
region, along with other water channels. This forms about 335.7 square km of marsh
vegetation.
•The Sanctuary in the estuary of river Godavari has rich mangrove vegetation. There are
thirty five species of plants belonging to twenty four families. The plant species that are
commonly found are: Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba etc.
•The sanctuary possesses a wide variety of birds, because of the feed available in the
backwaters of the mangrove forest. Some critically endangered species like the white-
backed vulture and the long billed vulture are present in the sanctuary. The painted stork,
Oriental white ibis, ferruginous pochard found in the sanctuary are near threatened
species, and spot-billed pelican is a vulnerable species.
•In coringa at present there are 2 boats for vistors to go for a ride through the mangroves
for a while, Forest department has constructed a board walk for vistors to go for a walk in
the mangroves. There is an old light house house built by the british during 1800’s.
Andhra Pradesh map showing Coringa
zone location in East Godavari district
Avicennia marina
Black-winged Stilt
Board walk in coringa
Old light house in coringa
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LOCATION OF CORINGA MANGROVES IN EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT
LOCATION OF CORINGA
MANGROVES IN EAST
GODAVARI DISTRICT
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LAND USE MAP OF CORINGA MANGROVES
LAND USE MAP OF
CORINGA MANGROVES
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6. Data analysis of Konaseema and Coringa Zones
Data analysis of coringa zone:-
•Coringa is named after the river Corangi. Coringa mangroves receive
freshwater from Coringa and Gaderu rivers, distributaries of Gautami
Godavari River and neritic waters from Kakinada bay. Numerous creeks and
canals traverse this ecosystem. The Godavari River Estuarine area is
characterized by rivers and channels, flood plain, natural levees, mangrove
forest, tidal channels, tidal flats, lagoon, Kakinada Bay, sand spit, mainland
beach, sand dunes and paleo sand ridges.
•There are 35 species of mangroves, of which 16 are true mangroves and the
rest are mangrove associated species.
•This is the only area in India where all the three species of Avicennia are
found. This area serves as spawning grounds for numerous fin and shell fish.
•This area also supports a wide range of other faunal elements that include
277 benthic organisms, 575 Fin Fish species, 26 species of Reptiles, 6 species
of Whales and Dolphins and 18 species of terrestrial mammals.
•In recognition of its national and global biodiversity significance, part of the
mangrove area is gazetted as Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (CWLS).
•Of the 440 threatened species recorded in India (IUCN 2009), 53 species (12
%) are found in this region including 34 globally threatened fish species
(marine, estuarine & freshwater).
•Besides, 35 other Near Threatened species also occur in this area. These rich
floral and faunal records highlight the local, national and global importance
of the EGREE region.
Table :Analysis of flora in coringa zone
Table : True mangrove species in coringa zone
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Migratory bird flyways of the world:-
•Central Asian Flyaway (CAF) has also been referred to as the Central Asian-
Indian Flyway and the Central Asian-South Asian Flyway covers a large
continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean and
the associated island chains. CAF comprises several important migration
routes of water birds, most of which extend from the northernmost breeding
grounds in Siberia to the southernmost non-breeding wintering grounds in West
Asia, South Asia, the Maldives and the British Indian Ocean Territory covers at
least 279 migratory water bird populations of 182 species, including 29 globally
threatened species and near threatened species that breed, migrate and spend the
non-breeding winter period within the region.
• CWLS is a Important Stopover Site in the Central Asian Flyway with
257species of birds, attracts over 20,000 water birds annually.
Problem identification:
•Despite being remote and difficult to access, the mangroves are being exploited
by the local population. A socio-economic study by Indian Bird Conservation
Network found that most of local fishermen harvest wood in the forest and
depend heavily on the mangroves for their basic needs. The species Avicennia
officinalis, Avicennia marina are being used for fuel wood.
•The existence of otters has been hit badly because of increased poaching and
habitat destruction. The increasing industrialization of Godavari Delta,
increasing aquaculture activities and fishing pressure have severely affected the
population of otters.
•The fishing habitants have no proper Medical Facilities, Recreational Facilities,
Water Supply, Sanitation facilities, Housing,
Asian migratory bird flyways of the world
Image showing Poor housing condition
Image showing Poor Infrastructure in coringa
Image showing Poor amenities in coringa 21
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SWOT analysis of coringa:
Introduction to data analysis of konaseema zone:-
Temples:
•Famed for its Vedic scholars and scenic beauty, this delta has derived its
name from the Telugu word, Kona, which means ‘corner’ that resembles its
shape. There are 379 temples in Amalapuram revenue division, out of
which 223 temples are under Endowments department. Temples were
categorized into 3 classes by the Endowment department based on their
annual income
•Class A-Temples with an annual income of more than 50 lakhs.
•Class B-Temples with an annual income of more than 10 lakhs
•Class C-Temples with an annual income of more than 1lakh
•There are 6 Class A temples, 21 Class B temples, and 196 Class C temples.
Map showing Class A and Class B temples
Map showing Infrastructure facilities at Class A temples
Sri lakshmi narasimha swamy temple, Antarvedi
•Located about 130 Kms from Kakinada, 100 kms from Rajahmundry and 65 Kms from
Amalapuram, Antharvedi is a land of majestic beauty; flanked by beautiful waters of the sea
in the East and the South, the Godavari in the West and the Raktakulya River in the North.
This magnificent place is hailed as the second Varanasi that offered solace to many devotees
who throng it at all times. Tourists can find good accommodation at decent Guest Houses
and T.T.D.Choultries and also there are Samudra Beach resorts run by APTDC.
Antarvedi Temple Antarvedi Sangam
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2 Sri bala balaji temple, Appanapalli
•A remote village in Mamidikuduru Mandal of East Godavari District, it is located about 72
km from Kakinada 35 Km from Amalapuram. Being the abode of Lord Bala Balaji, it has
acquired reputation as second Tirupathi of Konaseema. This holy shrine possess top class
facilities; well-built bathing ghats, separate rooms for ladies for changing their dresses after
the holy dip and adequate toilet facilities etc are provided, attracting devotees from all over
the world. Tourists can find good accommodation at Guest Houses and T.T.D.Choultries and
also there are.
3.Sri vigneswara swamy temple, Ayinvalli
•Located about 72 km from Kakinada 14 Kms from Amalapuram. Ainavalli is a land of
unspoiled beauty and reeks of history. Vaastu Sastra teachings say that the most suitable
place to build a temple is on a bank of a river or near the sea or at the confluence of rivers or
on top of a mountain or near places of sanctity.
4. Sri veereswara swamy temple, Muramalla
•Located about 25 Km from Amalapuram, 38 Km from Kakinada it is a major panchayat and
situated adjacent to Mummidivaram Mandal between National Highway 214 from
Kathipudi- Pamarru. The popular shrine Sri Bhadrakalisametha Sri Veereswaraswamy vari
attracts people in hordes particularly when the Nityakalyanam is performed to the Lord
daily. There are guest rooms and choultries in the temple region maintained by the temple
authorities.
5. Sri kesava jaganmohini swamy temple, Ryali
•Located about 34 Km from Amalapuram, it is an enchanting place situated between the
rivers Vashista and Gautami, the tributaries of the mighty river Godavari. The famous
temple Jagan Mohini Kesava Swamy idol, made of black stone depicting Maha Vishnu and
Mohini can be seen on its front and rear sides. A Guest House and choultry can be found in
this place.
Appanapalli balajiTemple
Ayinvilli ganesh temple
Muramalla vereswara swamy temple
Ryali jagan mohini swamy temple
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Beaches:-
•There are three beaches in konaseema region viz; Odalarevu, S.yanam, Antarvedi out of these 3 only Antarvedi beach was
developed up to some extent, because it is a famous pilgrimage centre which usually attract Visitors in thousands. In
Antarvedi APTDC has developed Samudra beach resorts to boost tourism and Antarvedi is also a Confluence (sangam)
where river Godavari meets the Bay of Bengal and there are some tourist boats maintained by APTDC
•The other 2 beaches viz; Odalarevu, S.yanam has no infrastructure facilities, but recently under Swadesh Darshan scheme
48 crore rupees have been allotted to these 2 beaches for tourism development and foundation stones were laid recently
Problems:- There are no cloak rooms and changing rooms, showers at Antarvedi beach, there is no solid waste
management in Antarvedi beach, which is polluting the shore with plastic, there are no Disaster management teams at the
site to fix any sort of dangers and rescues,there is no proper publicity and marketing by APTDC.
Heritage:-
• Adurru (or locally Dubaraju Dibba) is a 2,400-year old Buddhist site located on the western bank of the Vainetaya, a
tributary of river Godavari, which is around 9.5 km from the Bay of Bengal in Mamidikuduru mandal of East Godavari
district. The site was excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1923 and declared as a protected
monument in 1955. In 1953, the ASI conducted excavations that brought to light the remains of stupas, chaityas and
viharas. The most beautiful and the most famous one is the mahastupa, built like a giant wheel with a platform with a
diameter of 17 feet. Located around it are vedika (drum) and ayaka platforms that mark the cardinal directions. The
excavations also brought to light artefacts, shreds of jars, troughs, dishes and bowls of red.
•Konaseema has a little known martial art form called – Chedi Talimkhana.It was brought to the Konaseema region,
particularly Amalapuram town in 1856 by Abbireddy Ramdas, a freedom-fighter, to train youth in the martial art. This art
is almost like KALARI PATTU in Kerala.
Problems:- With no support from the government in the Adurru monument, a non-government organization called
Buddha Vihar Trust, Adurru, formed by a group of retired employees, currently takes care of it. They have been running
the trust and taking care of the monument for the last 30 years. There are no infrastructure facilities, to this place.
Chedi talimkhana a local art which has been in existence for 160 years in not known to millions of people in the state due
to lack of marketing and image branding of the art, but in Kerala the same art is world famous and has numerous institutes
DATAANALYSIS
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Culture:-
•Konaseema is the land of Telugu culture and is very famous for celebrating festivals especially sankranthi and dussehra
here they celebrate Sankranthi in a different manner by arranging cock fights and bull races.Telugu cuisine of this region is
also very famous. A festival named Konaseema festival has been arranged twice in the last two decades as an initiation to
promote local status. This festival highlights the prominence of konaseema in all aspects including temples, cuisine, arts,
crafts, and tourism etc.
Problems:- There is no Proper marketing strategy in building the image of konaseema as a Tourist hub
Back waters:-
•There are 3 stretches of backwaters in konaseema region 1.Antarvedi- Razole 25 km stretch (Vasishta tributary of river
Godavari) 2.Allavaram-Gannavaram (aqueduct) 15 km stretch (Vainatheyi tributary of river Godavari) 3.Yanam – Yanam
Bridge 15 km stretch (Gautami tributary of river Godavari)
•Peak water time in backwaters is July (end)-September due to seasonal rains. These backwaters with a total stretch of 55
kilometers irrigate 2 lakh acres of land with 3200 cusecs of water. APTDC has constructed Haritha coconut resorts at Dindi
in konaseema amidst lush green coconut trees and started house boats to promote tourism.
•Annually 1000-5000 tourists visit these resorts and enjoy backwaters. These resorts are using for film shootings also,
since from the beginning this place is attracting film makers as it reflects true village culture, nature and scenery.
Problems:- No proper marketing and promotional strategies by APTDC., No regulations in waste management, No
regulations in usage of Pro Eco fuel in boats.
Image showing backwaters stretches
Adurru Buddhist Site
Map showing Beach locations
and Distances
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Proposal -1: To develop coringa as a community based eco-tourism hub
•Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively
undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to
standard commercial tourism. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds
for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political
empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human
rights.
Criteria:- It builds environmental awareness, Provides direct financial benefits for
conservation and empowerment for local people, Helps in Conservation of biological and
cultural diversity through ecosystem protection, Promotion of sustainable use of
biodiversity, by providing jobs to local populations, Sharing of all socio-economic benefits
with local communities and indigenous peoples by having their informed consent and
participation in the management of ecotourism enterprises.
Proposed tourism sectors:-
Creek water boating: - Creeking in mangroves is a new phenomenon in tourism sector that
helps in attracting tourists.
House Boating: - Houseboats are huge, slow-moving barges used for leisure trips. Initiation
of House boating in mangroves turns people towards coringa instead of Kerala.
Paddle boating: - Introducing pedal boats helps in attracting local tourists and pedal boats
don’t disturb ecology of the region.
Observation towers: - Construction of observation towers using wood and other forest
products helps in attracting tourists without concretizing the forests.
Boat Rowing: - Boat rowing helps biologists and naturalists to explore mangroves and other
forest areas freely.
7. Proposals
Boat rowing
Motor Boating
Mechanized water sports
Group Boating
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Objectives:-
•Facilitating Mangrove, Estuarine, Coastal and Marine wildlife eco-tourism involving host communities, To develop
coring as a sustainable Eco-tourism hub, Obtaining contributions from private commercial tour operators for local
community development.
•Obtaining contributions from tour operators for maintaining tourist facilities, staff welfare., Improve the local
community’s expertise and skill to generate revenues which could be ploughed back for the maintenance and
preservation of the environment, Using renewable energy in maintaining tourism facilities in order to avoid increase in
temperatures in the mangroves.
Safety Measures:
•‘Off limit activities', and ‘Off limit areas' will be strictly enforced.
•Ensure social, cultural and environmental sustainability as well as safety and security of tourists to Promote conscious
efforts towards sustainable human development.
•Negative effects of traditional tourism on the ecology and social fabric must be reduced
•Use fuel efficient boats instead of hammered boats that cause oil spilling
•Every vehicle and tourist must be linked with GPS in order to avoid dangers and risks.
Costing:-
In 2000’s annual tourists would numbered in ten’s and hundred’s but at present annual visitors to coringa ranges between
20000-25000.By introducing Tourism infrastructure and proper marketing the number of tourists would rise to up to 1
lakh by 2021 and by building the image of the region and branding it as eco tourism and boating hub the number tourists
would soon outnumber the number of annual visitors i.e 1, 80000 to sunderbans the largest mangrove forests in India by
2031.
Unit cost is based on the average price
of the product and estimated
investments are based on the
investment opportunities mentioned by
the Andhra Pradesh Tourism
Development Corporation (APTDC).
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Proposal -2: To develop Konaseema as back waters
tourism hub:-
•With a total length of 55 kms of backwaters in three stretches
and with a width of 100-150 meters there is a huge chance to
promote tourism to increase revenue.
•So many films were shot and many are being shooting here,
so promoting tourism in the name of cinema tourism can pull
tourists.
•Subsidizing Tourist boat owners would result in promoting
more investments in Tourism boat manufacturing.
•Promoting house boats with bio diesel to prevent the damage
to eco system would result in promoting sustainable tourism
and initiation of water sports also helps in pulling tourists
•Implementing public private partnerships (ppp) model with
the help of government and private investors in tourism
infrastructure such as construction of backwater resorts also
helps in boosting tourism.
•Aggressive marketing strategy to build Image branding of
konaseema as Backwaters hub in India as an alternative to
Kerala backwaters will turn people towards konaseema.
Proposal -3: To develop Temple tourism in
Konaseema:-
•First priority must be given to class A and class B
temples for developing necessary infrastructure facilities
as they are generating more revenue.
•Provision of Toilet and accommodation facilities must
be mandatory at class A temples as they are very famous
and devotees from outside areas will suffer if there are no
basic facilities.
•Class A, Class B temples must be linked with Class C
temples in their mandal or village or based on their
location. If we start linking the major temples with the
local and minor temples based on their location, then
those temples also attract devotees and generate some
revenue to sustain.
•Initiation of temple tours by linking all the temples in a
division without considering the income of the temple
would help temples in attracting visitors.
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Temple Tourism Map
Proposal -4: To develop Beach tourism in Konaseema
•In Goa each and every beach is connected to each other, likewise
there are 46 beaches along the konkan coast. In the same manner in
konaseema there are 3 beaches connecting each other.
•Sea pools can be introduced on pilot project basis to prevent people
from the risk getting drowned.
•To develop beach tourism initiation of water sports and temporary
structures to accommodate for a while and rest rooms and showers
shall be introduced.
•Rescue teams must be arranged at the site to fix any sort of dangers
and Emergencies.
•Solid waste management and cloak rooms must be provided.
•Implementing public private partnerships (ppp) model with the help
of government and private investors in tourism infrastructure such as
construction of beach resorts/hotels also helps in boosting tourism.
Costing for beach tourism
Proposal -5: To develop Heritage tourism in
Konaseema
Buddhist tourism:
•Buddhist site in this division must be connected
with temple tours in order to promote visitors.
•The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
department must start branding and creating
awareness about the importance of conservation
of heritage sites.
•Buddhist remains or monuments can be stored in
a local ASI museum that would attract tourists.
Local arts and crafts:
•With the help of Meetings, Incentives, Conferences & Exhibitions
(MICE) tourism local arts and crafts must be developed.
•Chedi talimkhana a local art which can be promoted by
establishing a training school and by branding the importance of
the art and mainly by creating awareness among the youth.
•Establishing night bazaars and shilparamams to promote local
crafts helps in generating income and through exhibitions and
other programs the crafts and arts will be publicized.
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Cultural tourism:-
•To promote cultural tourism local governments have to arrange
food festivals and cultural festivals to promote image branding of
the area.
•Government has to host cultural Festivals as an initiation to
promote status of an area. These festivals should highlight the area
prominence in all aspects including temples, cuisine, arts crafts, and
tourism etc.
Costing for Heritage tourism
Recommendations:-
•The entire region under eco-tourism must be free from plastic and usage of biodegradable items must
be encouraged
•Minimize the use of mechanized boats for tourism in order to protect the mangrove ecosystem, Noise
from boats must be regularized to not to disturb the wild life and other creatures
•Aggressive marketing strategies and compulsory tourism education and Excursions are recommended
for secondary and higher educational institutions
PROPOSALS
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Toursim Development Plan for Konaseema and Coringa Zones Of East Godavari District Of Andhraprades

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