Foot and Mouth Disease in ruminants is a highly contagious viral disease that has a serious economic problem in the livestock sector. This ppt is all about FMD, its causes, symptoms, and treatment.

1. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN
RUMINANTS
Lecture Presentation by Dr. Muneeb

2. What is Foot and Mouth Disease?
Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly
contagious viral disease of cloven-
hoofed domestic as well as wild animals.
It is a transboundary animal disease (TAD) that
severely affects the production of livestock
and disrupts regional and international trade
in animals and animal products.

3. Cause of Foot and Mouth Disease in
Ruminants
FMD in Ruminants is caused by a virus whose
name is FMDV ( foot and mouth disease virus).
This virus belongs to the genus Apthovirus in the
family Picornaviridae.
There are 7 serotypes of this virus and these are
serotypes A, O, C, ASIA 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3. Out
of these, the serotype O is the most common.
See more about FMD virus and how to kill it?

4. Species affected by FMD
The species that are affected with FMD are
cloven-hoofed domestic as well as wild
animals.
Domestic cloven-hoofed animals include
cattle, buffalo, sheep. goats, pigs, camels, etc.
Some wildlife cloven-hoofed animals are
bison, deer, wildebeest, giraffe, etc.

5. How FMD is transmitted?
The foot and mouth disease can be transmitted
either by direct or indirect contact with the
infected animal.
Direct contact includes the transmission of the
virus from the infected animal to a healthy animal
through body secretions like nasal discharge,
urine, ocular discharge or saliva, etc.
Indirect contact can occur through the
contaminated water and feed, and via fomites.

6. Clinical Sign and Symptoms of FMD
The clinical signs of FMD are:
• Vesicles on the Oral cavity including the muzzle, lips hard and soft palate,
gums, etc
• Vesicles on teats
• Blisters on interdigital space of hooves
• Off feeding due to vesicles in the buccal cavity
• Drooling saliva
• Pain
• Depression
• Pyrexia
• Lameness due to blisters on the coronary band
See all the clinical pictures here

7. Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease
in Cloven Hoofed Animals
Diagnosis of every disease revolves around 3
things
• 1- History
• 2- Clinical signs
• 3- Lab test for isolation of the causative agent
See some DDx (how to differentiate fmd with
other related diseases in animals)

8. Treatment options for FMD
There is no specific treatment of FMD in
animals, but symptomatic and supportive
treatment can help a lot in alleviating the
infection.
The best approach to treat FMD in animals
with dose rates are mentioned here

9. References
1-Dr Pawfect, Foot and Mouth Disease in
Ruminants, Available here
https://www.drpawfect.com/foot-and-mouth-
disease/