the research was conducted to analysis mechanical properties of composite material reinforced with tea powder

1. “Analyzing Mechanical Properties Of Natural
Fibers Reinforced With Tea Powder”
Under the Guidance Of:
Vishwanath H.H B.E, M.Tech
Assistant Professor
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Mangalore Marine College and Technology
MANGALORE MARINE COLLEGE AND TECHNOLOGY
PROJECT SEMINAR
Group Member’s
1. Mujaffar Shirkoli
2. Ali-Askar M. Anasri
3. Husain Khan Totager
4. Jyothi S

2. CONTENTES
1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
3. Material Calculation
4. Objectives
5. Methodology
6. Result and Disscussion
7. Advantages and Disadvantages
8. Conclusion
9. Estimation
10.References

3. Introduction
A composite material is made by combining two or more materials to give A
unique combination of properties, one of which is made up of stiff, long fibres
and the other, A binder or 'matrix' which holds the fibres in place.
fiber resin composite material
Composition of Composite Material

4.  Natural fiber composites mostly consists fibers of jute, cotton, hemp and
non- conventional fibers such as coir and many empty fruit bunches.
 Natural fiber thermoplastic composites are attractive as they are cheaper,
stiffer, printable, rot-resistant and also have more life- cycle.
 Natural fiber composites are attractive to industry because of their low
density and ecological advantages over conventional composites natural
fibers are cellulosic in nature.
 These composites are gaining importance due to their bio-degradable in
nature.
 Natural fiber composites are very cost effective material .
Natural Fiber Composites

5.  REINFORCEMENT
The objective of the reinforcement in a composite material is to enhance the
mechanical properties of the resin system. All of the distinct fibers that are used in
composites have distinct properties and so affect the properties of the composite in
different ways. For most of the applications, the fibers need to be arranged into
some form of sheet, known as a fabric, to make handling possible.
 NATURAL FIBERS
These are the hair like material which are obtained from the plant or animal sources.
Plant Source Animal Source

6. flax
hemp
nunshemp
CrotaliajunceaL.
kenaf
jute
urena
mesta
ramie
roselle
(karkadeh)
Isora
bast
pineapple
banana
srewpine
sisal
henequen
abaca
(manila)
curaua
agaves
africanpalm
data-palm
cabuja
palm
leaf
coir
cotton coconut
kapok
hardwood
softwood
wheat
oat
barley
rice
bamboo
bagasse
reed
corn
rape
rye
esparto
elephantgrass
cannary grass
grasses and reeds
Plant fibers - cellulose fibers
seed fruit wood
Natural Fiber And Fibrous Raw Materials
For Reinforcing Composites

8. 1. K. KANNAPIRANHA, et.al-2015.
 Treated coir gives the good strength than untreated coir
 Polyester resin more effective than the epoxy resin
 From SEM scanning it concluded that there is no micro cracks are
present in the structure
2. C. CHAITHANYAN, et .al -2013
 Here the hybrid composite material developed which is having the good
strength than the normal
 Breaking load of the sisal-glass fiber reinforced with composite
is1.10times higher than coir –glass fiber

9. 3. N.ANUPMA et.al -2014.
 Coir fibre is treated with alkaline solution to remove oil and lignin.
 Strength of the specimen depends on curing time.
 From this paper we conclude that the strength of the composite material
increases with increasing the percentage of resin
4. NEERAJ DUBEY et.al-2015
 this paper present a study on interfacial strength in a natural fiber composites
 All tests are conducted at 23 degree Celsius room temperature and 55%
humidity
 From this paper we conclude that the tensile strength of midrib coconut leaf is
1.6 times higher then the coir glass fiber .i.e 132.5 Mpa

10. 5. P. N .E NAVEEN et. al -2013
 Here they are conducting mechanical testing as well as dynamic testing
 Tests are conducted and results are plotted based on
1.Effect of fiber length on tensile property
2.Effect of fiber length on impact energy
3.Effect of fiber length on flexure test
 From dynamic testing it concluded that dynamic character s are improved as increasing
the length of coir fiber

11.  It Is Easily Available In Coastal Areas.
 It Is Biodegradable In Nature.
 Moisture Content Is Up to 1% - 2%
Properties Of The Coir
Fibre
Cellulose
content (%)
Lignin.
content (%)
Dia (µm)
Elongation
Max. (%)
Elastic
Modulus
Banana 64 5 50-250 3.7 27-32
Sisal 70 12 50-200 5.1 17-22
Pineapple 85 12 20-80 2.8 24-35
Coir 37 42 100-450 47 3-6
Polymer 40-50 42 70-1300 2.8 4-6

12. Properties Of The Tea Powder
 It Is Available Commonly As The Waste Material Which Is Unused.
 It Is Biodegradable In Nature.
 It Is Having The Good Binding Property.
Tea board
0.0156 million ton of tea
waste devloped per
month

13. OBJECTIVES
 The objective of this project is to prepare and analyze a hybrid composite
material, test its properties and compare the results with the normal sample.
 Preparation of the composite material with tea powder by cold press method.
 Testing of specimens as per ASTM (American Society for Testing and
Materials) standards.
 Analyzing the results.

14. ADVANTAGES
1.They are eco friendly, fully biodegradable, available in large amount, renewable,
cheap and have low density as compared to synthetic fibers such as glass, carbon and
steel fibers
2.Low cost and high performance of Natural fiber composite.
3.The disposal of Natural fiber composites is simple as compared to SFRPCs.
4.Natural fiber composites are used in place of glass mostly in non-structural
applications. Automotive components such as doors, bonnets etc. made from Glass
fiber reinforced composites are now being replace by Natural fiber composites

15. LIMITATIONS
1. These have poor wet ability, incompatibility with some polymeric matrices.
2. Plant fibers cannot be used directly in its natural form. It requires chemical
modification to remove the waxy layer to improve the interfacial adhesion
between fibers and polymer matrix.
3. The main disadvantage of natural fiber composites is that it catch fire
easily.

16. Application Of The Natural Composites
 Aeroplane Interior’s
 Automobile Interior’s
 Ship Interior’s
 Helmet
 Furniture

18. GRAINFINESS TEST
 200 gm of the tea powder is taken for test
 Maximum weight of particles present in the tea powder are found to be the
200 microns and 300 microns
GRAIN FINESS TEST

19. Total mass of tea powder taken = 200 gm
S N
Sieve no
(micron)
Weight of
sand
retaining(gm)
% of
retaining
sand
(P)
Sieve pan
constant
(C)
∑
Q=C×P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1700
850
600
425
300
212
150
106
75
53
Sieve pan
13.01
25.7
4.8
22.2
50.1
69.2
9.2
3.1
0.6
0.2
0.1
6.5
12.85
2.4
11.1
25
34.75
4.6
1.55
0.3
0.1
0.05
5
10
20
30
40
50
70
100
140
200
300
32.5
128.5
48
333
1000
1737.5
322
155
42
20
15
99.20 3833.5
AFS=
𝑄
𝑃 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
=3833.5/99.20 =38.644

20. Finding the density of the powder
Weighing of the Tea Powder
 The density of tea powder was found be 423 kg/cm3.
 Density increases with the compaction for 3, 6, 9 strokes.
Gravity stoker

21. EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED FOR FINDING THE DENSITY OF TEA POWDER
Load applied is 5 kg
Serial
No
Number of
strokes
Mass
(Kg)
Volume
(m3
)
Density
(kg/m3
)
1
2
3
4
3
6
9
12
66.6×10−3
66.6×10−3
66.6×10−3
66.6×10−3
0.1571×10−3
0.1531×10−3
0.1531×10−3
0.1531×10−3
423.9
434.0
434.8
434.8
Experimental Conduction For Finding The DensityOf Tea
Powder

22. Material requirements
Coir =50%, Resin=50%
Tea powder = 10% of total weight
Mass of the resin required=density of resin × volume of mould box × percentage
Mass of the resin required=1.1×450×0.5 = 247.5grams
Mass of the coir required=density of coir × volume of mould box × percentage
Mass of coir = 1.2×450×0.5 = 270 grams
Total weight = 247.5+270 = 517.5 grams
Mass of tea powder= 0.1×517.5 = 51.75grams
Hardener used 10:1
Mass of hardener = 24.7grams

23. METHODLOGY FOR THE PREAPRATION OF
SPECIMEN

24. 1. Selection of matrixmaterial

25. 2. Selection of natural fibers and filler material
coir Tea powder

26. 3. DESIGN ANDFABRICATION OF MOULDBOX
Design of The Mould Box Fabrication of Mould Box

27. 4. CHOPPING OF THE COIR
Chopping of the coir to the length of 10 mm.
Because it gives the higher strength at the length of 10 mm.
Hand chopping of coir

28. Applying of wax Mixing of Coir and Resin
Mixing of Coir and Resin with Tea Powder
5. PREAPRATIONOF THE SPECIMEN

29. Compression Moulding Machine
6. COMPRESSIONOF THE SPECIMEN
 Specimen is kept at the pressure of 60 bar in compression moulding machine.
 48 hours is required for the curing of the specimen .
Specimen After Compression

30. 7. DRYING OF THE SPECIMEN
 Specimen is dried in hot furnce at 50 degree Celsius.
For the time period of 10 minutes
Drying in Electrical Furnace

31. 8. TREATMENT OF THE COIR
Treatment of the coir with NaoH
 Coir is treated with NaoH solution for 72 hours.
 8% of the NaoH is used per kg of water .
NaoH pellets

32. 9.MECHANICAL TESTING
Tensile Testing
Compression Testing
Flexure Testing
Hardness Testing

33. Preparation of specimen by
trial and error method
20% Resin 80% Coir 50% Resin 50% Coir

34. RESULT
AND
DISCUSSION

35. TENSILE TEST

36. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load
53 519.83 1.460 116.190 4.474 0.0292
Break load
12 117.72 6.127 116.190 1.0131 0.1225
1. Normal sample

37. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load
96 941.76 2.452 117.29 8.2029 0.049
Break load
16 156.96 5.652 117.29 1.338 0.113
2. untreated sample

38. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load 102 1000.62 3.157 98.329 10.176 0.06314
Break load 44 431.64 5.168 98.329 4.389 0.10336
3. treated sample

39. Types of
sample
Load
Load in
N
Displacement
in
mm
Stress
in
N/mm2
Area
in
mm2
Strain
Normal
Peak load 519.93 1.46 4.474 116.19 0.029
Break load 117.72 6.127 1.013 116.19 0.0122
Untreated with
10% of tea
powder
Peak load 941.76 2.452 8.2029 117.29 0.049
Break load 156.96 5.652 1.338 117.29 0.113
Treated with
10% of tea
powder
Peak load
1000.62 3.157 10.176 98.329 0.0634
Break load 431.64
5.168 4.389 98.329 0.1033

40. COMPRESSION TEST

41. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load
83.9755 823.8 1.926 119.240 6.908 0.0154
Break load
27.99 274.585 3.904 119.240 2.3021 0.03123
1. Normal sample

42. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load
141.94 1392.5 2.308 118.140 11.786 0.01846
Break load
76.97 755.109 3.276 118.140 6.391 0.02620
2. untreated sample

43. Load
Load
(Kg)
Load in
(N)
Displacement
(mm)
Area in
(mm2)
Peak load
171.936 1686.7 2.419 104.40 16.1453 0.019352
Break load
20.66 205.93 3.598 104.470 1.9712 0.0287
3. treated sample

44. Types of
sample
Load Load in
N
Displacement
in mm
Stress
in
N/mm2
Area
in
mm2
Strain
Normal
Peak load 823.8 1.926 6.908 119.24 0.015
Break load 274.5 3.909 2.3021 119.24 0.031
Untreated
with 10% of
tea powder
Peak load 1392.5 2.308 11.786 118.14 0.018
Break load 755.10 3.276 6.31 118.14 0.026
Treated with
10% of tea
powder
Peak load 1656.7 2.419 16.14 104.40 0.019
Break load 205.93 3.598 1.971 104.40 0.028

45. FLEXURAL TEST

46. Serial
No
Proving
Reading
Division
Load F in
Deflection
Y in mm
Modulus of
Elasticity
E in N/mm2
Flexural
Rigidity
EI in N-mm2
Kg N
1. 1 13.99 137.3 1.943 389 317.9X103
2. 2 9.99 98.066 6.1661 87.69 71.620X103
1. Normal sample

47. Serial No
Proving
Reading
Division
Load F
(N) Deflection
Y
(mm)
Modulus of
Elasticity
E
(N/mm2)
Flexural
Rigidity
EI
(N-mm2)
Kg N
1. 1 23.99 235.4 4.506 293.35 235.06X103
2. 2 20.99 205.93 7.985 144.8 116.05X103
2. untreated sample

48. Serial No
Proving
Reading
Division
Load F
(N)
Deflection
Y
(mm)
Modulus of
Elasticity
E
(N/mm2)
Flexural
Rigidity
EI
(N-mm2)Kg N
1. 1 33.98 333.40 4.336 494 346.15X103
2. 2 26.98 264.77 7.527 226.110 158.29X103
3. treated sample

49. Types of
sample
Load Load in
N
Displacemen
t in mm
Area in
mm2
Modulus of
elasticity in
N/mm2
Flexural
rigidity
in N/mm2
Normal
Peak load 137.3 1.946 117.83 389
Break load 98.066 6.161 117.83 87.36
Untreated
with 10% of
tea powder
Peak load 235.4 4.506 117.14 293.35
Break load 205.9 7.985 117.14 144.8
Treated with
10% of tea
powder
Peak load 333.40
4.336 110.46 494
Break load 264.77
7.527 110.46 226.11

50. HARDNESS TEST
S. NO Sample
Type of Test
(Hardness)
Results
1. Normal Sample Shore D 62
2.
Untreated Sample with
10% tea powder
Shore D 66
3.
Treated Sample with
10% tea powder
Shore D 72

51. Material Quantity Cost
Coir 5 kg 250
Epoxy Resin 2 Kg 2000
Specimen Testing Charge 9*500 4500
SEM Scanning 700*3 2100
Mould Box 1 1500
Total ------ 10350
 Estimation of the project

52. conclusion

53. REFERENCES
1. K.Piranha, K.Rajchander, K.Nirmalkumar “Analysing Mechanical Properties
Of Natural Fibres Reinforced With Egg Shell” International Conference
Engineering Trends And Science &Humanities ISSN:2348-8360 vol-1
(Icetsh2015)
2. N.Anupma Sai Priya, P. Veera Raju “Experimental Testing Of Polymer
Reinforced With Coconut Coir Fiber Composites” International Journal Of
Emerging Technology And Advance Engineering ISSN 2250-2459, ISO
9001:2008 certified journal, volume 4,Issue 12,December 2014.
3. M.Sakthivel1, S.RAMESH ”Mechanical Properties Of Natural Fibre (Banana,
Coir, Sisal) Polymer Composites” SCIENCE PARK ISSN: 2321 – 8045 Vol-1,
Issue-1, July 2013

54. 4. Donald Askeland “Essentials Of Materials Science And Engineering,” page
543-553 Second Edition.
5. Dr.V.P Raghupathy, “Mechanics Of Composite Material” page 97-116 First
Eidition-2011