Trans-Mississippi Essay

Trans-Mississippi Essay
Prompt: Although the development of the Trans–Mississippi West is popularly associated with hardy
individualism, it was in fact largely dependent on the federal government. Assess the validity of this
statement with specific reference to western economic activities in the 19th century. In the late
1800s and early 1900s, the idea of the far west captivated many. The chance to begin life anew
attracted thousands of individuals and families alike to move out west and escape their current life,
which was usually full of poverty and for some, full of discrimination. As the west expanded and
grew into an important part of the United States, westerners found it somewhat difficult to survive
with important resources going scarce. Although the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now that thousands of people had claimed their 160 acres, the government had to sustain the land's
fertility so it would remain cultivatable for years to come. It would also reduce any chances of the
settlers moving again and coming in conflict with the Natives. The government encouraged the
development of the area by constantly aiding the frontiers with the Timber Culture Act and the
Newland Reclamation Acts. The Timber Culture Act was produced to help the farmers successfully
grow crops on their land for long periods of time by keeping the soil fertile and preventing erosion.
The Timber Culture Act gave away free land to people who would plant forty acres of trees on it.
They believed planting more trees would increase humidity and increase rainfall, which was
beneficial for farmers. The Newland Reclamation Act of 1902 funded irrigation projects for the dry
land of the west. Congress passed many laws to protect the west from harm. Everything was going
very well for the settlers in the west, except for disputes and battles with the native Indian tribes.
The tribes had signed many treaties with the Americans regarding their land and their safety;
however, the treaties were loosely followed and ignored for the most part. In 1868, the Lakota were
having conflicts with the US Army. The Lakota were angry that the army kept coming into their
territory. This led to Red Cloud's War. Congress passed the Fort
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The Struggle Of Native Americans In The 1920's
The American Indian Wars were ongoing from the earliest settlements of the 17th century, all the
way through the 1920's. As American settlers began to move further west, more and more clashes
erupted as the clash of two different cultures, and lack of empathy for one another fueled hatred and
resentment on both sides.
From the colonial period through the mid 1800's many Native tribes aligned with European nations
that were still fighting for control over the new world. Native Americans were used as insurgent
forces to harass settlers, instill fear and undermine the government of the United States.
As conflicts increased in both size and intensity, the U.S. government implemented a strategy to
remove Native Americans from their lands and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the discovery of gold in the Black Hills and the resulting expansion into Native lands by
settlers, tensions boiled over once again. The Great Souix Nation viewed the encroachment as the
U.S. Government violating the treaty. The U.S. Government attempted to re–negotiate the Treaty of
Fort Laramie, with the ultimate goal of regaining control of the Black Hills. These negotiations
failed but miners were still pouring into the Black Hills. To control the Great Souix Nation and force
peace between the U.S. Government and the Native Americans, the U.S. Government ordered that
all bands of the Great Souix Nation would return to the boundaries of the reservation from the
hunting lands. Those bands of the Great Souix Nation that did not comply would then be considered
hostile and the U.S. Army would be sent to force compliance. The Black Hills War began in
February 8th 1876 when General Crook and General Terry were ordered to commence campaigns
against the newly declared hostile Native Americans who had not returned to the Great Souix Nation
Reservation boundaries.
Leaders
Major General George Crook was the in charge of the Department of the Platte headquartered in
Omaha Nebraska. The Department of the Platte was an administrative district which included the
Dakota territory.
Major General Alfred Terry was the commander of the Dakota territory during the Black

Analysis Of ' Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee ' Essay
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a non–fiction book written by Dee Brown on the removal and
extinction of the native peoples that called America their home. The title was created by utilizing a
line from Stephen Vincent Benét's poem "American Names". Furthermore, the book demonstrates
the deteriorating relations between the natives and whites over time through the descriptions of
atrocities imposed upon each Native American tribe by the white settlers. The number of these
atrocities greatly outnumbers the few attempts at peace made by the aforementioned settlers. Brown
opens his book by presenting attitudes of the previous European settlers towards the people of the
New World. It is apparent from these early encounters and their outcomes that white settlers
primarily desired to exterminate Native Americans and claim their land. The proceeding chapters
describe the experiences of the Western Indians by tribe, event, and leader. Beginning with the
Navajos of the Southwest, led by Manuelito, Brown describes how Manuelito, like the many later
chiefs, attempted to accept the presence of the white settler's on their native land. When terms
between the Navajos and Americans were violated however, the Navajos retaliated, resulting in a
war in 1861 that caused acts of cruelty on both sides. Next, Brown looked to the Santee Sioux led by
chief Little Crow. While attempting to adopt the white man's lifestyle, Little crow became
aggravated and soon acted on this aggravation, which

The End Red Clouds Analysis
The greatest example of the Siox losing control of their very own fate was when at the end of the
dream when they are fighting the Wasichus in the middle of winter. Everyone is starving and
freezing. And, to keep fighting the whites would mean more death than help to the Sioux In the end,
Red Cloud has to command the people to stop fighting and to think of the women and children. "Our
party wanted to go out and fight anyway, but Red Cloud made a speech to us something like this:
'Brothers, this is a very hard winter. The women and children are starving and freezing. If this were
summer, I would say to keep on fighting to the end. But we cannot do this'" (Neihardt 217–218).
Red Cloud is forced to convince his people to stop fighting and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After what I had seen over there, I wanted revenge. I wanted to kill" (214). When the war party went
out, even Black Elk lost control, and instead of focusing on trying to help his people, he went out
and focused on killing those that had harmed his people. He forgot about his vision, and the
grandfathers and focused his attention on the wasichus. The fact that even Black Elk, the man who
was given powers to heal and who was shown the fate of his people shows that the tribe had indeed
lost control. Black Elk was shown what would happen to his people, and yet he had forgotten and
went out for blood. "We wanted a much bigger war–party so that we could meet the soldiers and get
revenge. But this was hard, because the people were not all of the same mind, and they were hungry
and cold." (217) Although a majority of the tribe wanted to go and get revenge, there were still those
who were unsure, cold, hungry, and tired. The whole tribe did not want to go out and fight like they
had in the past, and the warriors lost the support of their people to the harsh winter and gnawing
hunger, that clawed the bellies of everyone in the tribe. Both Black Elk and everyone in the tribe had
lost their support for each other, and lost sight of trying to stay together, and trying to stay alive for
as long as the vision would allow. That was when the Sioux lost control of their fate. When they
were forced to lower their weapons not only by Red Cloud's demand,

Analysis Of Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee
As a child, I have always been intrigued about the vast traditions and the colorful histories of
various Indian Tribes. I choose Dee Browns "Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee" in order to be
further educated about the Native American nations. I was familiar with the piece long before I even
knew it was a book by watching and love the HBO special on "Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee".
Dorris Alexander "Dee" Brown was born in Alberta, Louisiana, February 28th 1908. Brown's
mother moved him and his siblings to Little Rock, Arkansas to have a better life and better
education. During his youth, he would often be found a the library reading and learning about the
expeditions and discoveries of Lewis and Clark. This drove Brown into wanting to learn more about
the American West. During his time here on Earth, he wrote over thirty pieces of literature, nineteen
of those pieces being centered around the American West. Brown mainly relies on historical
research while writing the manuscript for "Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee". He studied personal
descriptions, historical documents, and town council records to create a historically accurate account
on how Americans conquered the West. While writing this book, Brown mainly writes about the
events of the "Indian Wars", which occurred during 1860's through the 1890's. The first chapter is
soley about the accounts of settlers coming to the Americas. These settlers were meet without
violence. Christpher Columbus writes back to the King and

Red Cloud's Revenge Essay
Red Cloud's Revenge
Red Cloud's Revenge is a historical novel about the grim recollection of detailed events and
days/months before the showdown between the US Cavalry & Sioux Indians on the northern plains
of 1867. Fetterman, Brown & Grummond rode out ahead of seventy–eight soldiers that day on
December 21st 1866. In hopes of driving out some Sioux Indians and bring some scalps home.
Many soldiers' guard was down when Fetterman's entire force disappeared over Trail Lodge Ridge.
None of them were ever seen alive again.
Seven months after the tragic bloodshed of the Fetterman Massacre by a band of Lakota; Sargent
Seamus Donegan was stationed near Fort Phil Kearney recovering from the horror and bloodbath in
which he participated. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gunfire had erupted in a scuffle between Lakota forces and US Cavalry troops. Soon both forts
under siege as well as camps nestled along the route from the advancing Indians. Red Cloud and
Crazy Horse were determined their warriors to crush the white settlers to returning their land and
departing forever.
Using an ancient tactic of warfare, the Sioux waited until troops thought the fighting had halted.
Setting up decoys and the strategy plans, Red Cloud was ready to see the white man's blood fall on
the plains. When US Calvary men began to advance outside their fort range in search of a plea or
peace treaty. Red Cloud gave the order for Crazy Horse to commence a raid. White men were
butchered like cattle on the battlefield where they lay. A Lakota named Roman Nose took the
command from Crazy Horse to burn down the wagons and dead. "Cleanse this land of the white
man's stain. Purify this land once again, no white men may leave here alive or in ashes."
In the end, the Wagon Box Flight took many men to their deaths and renewed the terror of the
Lakota. Captain Samuel Marr was returned to Fort C.F. Smith after being shot in the leg by friendly
fire. Private Thompson was knocked out cold in the field and left for scalping in the blazing
firefight. He survived the close encounter and didn't remember what happened or where he was for a
few days. While battered and wrecked, Sargent Seamus
Donegan traveled with Captain

Native American Gangs During European Colonization
Bernadette Stafford Final Draft May 20, 2015 Native American Gangs Prior to European
colonization, North America was home to up to ten million indigenous people with distinct cultures
and hundreds of languages. Within 500 years the population was halved through disease and
genocide. Today, Native American's make up 5.2 million or 2% of the US population (US Census
2013). This population has suffered the trauma of genocide, dislocation, poverty and oppression
mostly through policies and confrontations with the federal government. Today, reservations are
populated by the poorest 1% of US citizens (Koppisch) and have become a hotbed of violent gang
culture. To understand the roots of this social condition we can examine how The Indian Removal
Act of 1830 started the systematic relocation of tribes away from coveted land rich in resources
began the process of forced assimilation of Native American people, but what other factors have
contributed to this extreme level of poverty? How has inadequate education, a political system of
custodianship where the US government acts as a guardian to tribes, soaring unemployment, and
disproportionate substance abuse rates created a climate where native youth have turned to
organized crime? What, if anything, is being done to stop gang violence and tackle the systemic
issues underlying this social problem? Gangs like the Native Mob and Native Disciples, which can
be found on the notorious Pine Ridge and Rose Bud reservations have been on the

The Effects Of Americans On Indian Life
One cannot examine U.S. history without looking at the interactions between Native Americans and
Americans. From colonization to industrialization, conflicts between these groups have always been
prevalent. Indians have been stripped of their land, heritage and status. Our guns, germ and culture
have killed them. One can see this power struggle in many pieces of literature. Two being, "Crazy
Horse: A Life", a secondary source focusing on a Sioux warrior Crazy Horse and the Plains peoples,
and "Indian Trader John Lawson's Journal of Carolina 1709," a primary source that describes an
English merchant's encounter with Indians in Carolina. This paper will focus on the effects of
Americans on Indian life.
"Crazy Horse: A Life" is a secondary source of information that tells the story of Sioux leader Crazy
Horse and his tribe. As Whites invade their land for gold Crazy Horse has to find a way to keep his
home. Throughout the source, Larry McMurtry, with little evidence, draws up the rise and fall of
Crazy Horse. From early on it was evident of the whites' were moving into the Plains peoples
settlements, The author wrote, "...at first the pressure of white intrusion may have been subtle but
and slight but it was present, and would be present throughout his entire life..." the Sioux people and
others way of life was dying because of the settlements of white people on their land. Their
settlements cause the game to leave the area, which in turn hurt the hunters of the tribe. With these

The Battle Of Little Bighorn
Lt. Col. Custer's crushing defeat at the hands of tribal Indians during the Battle of Little Bighorn is
attributed to his lack of adherence to what we now know as the characteristics of the offense:
surprise, concentration, audacity and tempo. By allowing the tribal Indians to observe his movement
during the early stages of the battle Custer lost the ability to surprise the enemy with a direct attack
and his decision to divide his elements while facing a larger enemy force prevented him from
concentrating his fires and effectively massing their effects on the enemy. The Battle of Little
Bighorn took place in Montana near the Little Bighorn River during the 25th and 26th of June 1876.
It was part of a series of skirmishes and battles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Eastern Sioux remained in the vicinity of what is now known as the Great Lakes and continued
to dispute their sacred lands with gold mining settlers while the Western Sioux settled in the fertile
hunting grounds near Montana and Wyoming. The Western Sioux remained relatively undisturbed
until a supply route that travelled along the Eastern edge of their territory and cut directly through
sacred lands and hunting grounds was established. This route known as the "Bozeman Trail" was
intended as a supply route connecting Fort Laramie to the gold–rich mountains in Montana . The
trail became a nuisance to the Sioux while the white settlers regarded it as key infrastructure
necessary for their continued gold mining operations. A Sioux warrior by the name of Red Cloud
along with small contingents of warriors began to attack supply convoys travelling along the trail in
an attempt to deter white settlers from destroying sacred Sioux lands and hunting grounds. Red
Cloud's campaign against the use of the "Bozeman Trail" was so successful that the U.S.
government proposed peace talks to the Western Sioux. The intent of the "peace talk" was to
convince the Sioux to allow the miners freedom of maneuver through the trail with the stipulation
that they would preserve the Sioux's sacred lands and hunting grounds. Before an agreement could
be reached between both parties; the U.S. military

Examples Of Masculinity In Hawk In The Rain
Strength and Masculinity in Ted Hughes' Poetry in 'The Hawk in the Rain' Presented by:
K.Chandrasekhara Rao, Lecturer, Govt. degree College, Kovur, SPSR Nellore Dist. Thomas De
Quincy describes the literature that moves as the literature of power and says that the literature of
power teaches the higher truths of life. He calls the literature that provides some kind of information
the literature of knowledge. He tells that what we owe to Milton is power– 'exercise and expansion
to our own latent capacity of sympathy with the infinite where every pulse and each separate influx
is a step upwards, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He recalls "As I copied it down at my cubby–hole of desk, surrounded by the raucous noise of the
pubescent hobbledehoys, I too climbed through the silent, pre–dawn woods, chill with frost. I too
received the wisdom of the stone–like horses and felt the wonder and fear of the erupting dawn as it
burned around the, thawing the world but not their patient heads.........I tried to work out how
Hughes had managed to make such extraordinary music without rhyme, as if he was talking to you.
Talking in a deep, dramatic way but not in a way that sounded as if he was quoting from a poem I
failed to work it out. It was a sort of spell, the runes of which I had to learn by absorption."( Nick
Gammage,

Native American Gangs During European Colonization
Bernadette Stafford Rough Draft April 29, 2015 Native American Gangs Prior to European
colonization, North America was home to up to ten million indigenous people with distinct cultures
and hundreds of languages. Within 500 years the population was halved through disease and
genocide. Today, Native American's make up 5.2 million or 2% of the US population. This
population has suffered the trauma of genocide, dislocation, poverty and oppression mostly through
policies and confrontations with the federal government. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 started
the systematic relocation of tribes away from coveted land rich in resources and began the process
of forced assimilation of Native American people. Today, reservations are populated by the poorest
1% of US citizens. Inadequate education, a political system of custodianship where the US
government acts as a guardian to tribes, soaring unemployment, disproportionate substance abuse
rates, and profound poverty have created a climate where native youth have turned to organized
crime. Gangs like the Native Mob and Native Disciples, which can be found on the notorious Pine
Ridge and Rose Bud reservations have been on the FBI's watch–list of crime syndicates since the
early 1990's. The Native Disciples and Native Mob have been heavily influenced by the Black and
Latino Street gangs the Latin Kings and the Black Disciples utilizing similar recruitment methods of
initiating youth as foot soldiers and engaging in drug trafficking,

Era Of The American West Essay
I will be talking about the era of the American West in the middle and late 1800s and the differences
and similarities of primary sources and the textbook HIST4. Chief Red Cloud's Speech, the Sandy
Creek Massacre from the Rocky Mountain News Editorial and Helen Hunt Jackson's Account of
Sandy Creek, Nannie Alderson, from the book called A Bride Goes West, Epitaph on a Tombstone,
and Bill of sale for a Chinese Prostitute. For anyone wanting to know and read more about the
American West you could attain more comprehension read a book about HIST4 or any other books
by Kevin M. Shultz or by reading primary sources dating by the time. First of all, the first primary
source is about Chief Red Cloud's Speech from the Oglala Teton Sioux. He opposed white
incursions into Native Americans lives and territory, although he supported peace but he did not
supported the violence. His speech talks about the plight of his Native Americans peoples in the last
decades of the 1800s. In the textbook it showed very little details and some details were clarified
more in the textbook than in the primary sources but the primary source showed more to understand
why the white incursions were killing the Native Americans. However, it showed that the Native
Americans were having difficulties with the white incursions. Also, it showed the Dawes General
Allotment Act ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tait in his memories in 1952. In the textbook it does not say anything about Epitaph on a
Tombstone. In the contrary, the primary source it says the he became fascinated with Deadwood's
Wild West Past. It's a little poem about 4 lines. Epitaph on a Tombstone, Galen Tait states, "Here lies
the body of Mary Moore Born a Virgin, died a whore, For sixteen years she preserved her virginity
A dam fine record in this vicinity". It was about this girl Mary Moore that she was a prostitute. She
probably turned a prostitute when she was

Difference Between The Chippewa Treaties
The United States government's treaties with the Chippewa Indians and the treaties with the Lakota
Indians are as different as the tribes themselves. The treaties vary on where they were constructed,
the negotiation style, and the content. Because of these differences, the Chippewa and the Lakota
faced different outcomes because of their negotiations with the American government. One stark
difference between the US government's treaties with the Chippewa versus the Lakota is where the
treaties were constructed. The treaties with the Chippewa were negotiated and talked over with the
Chippewa prior to construction. Proof of this is in the records of the treaty negotiations. Changes to
the treaties were requested by Chippewa chiefs throughout the treaty making process. During
negotiation, "The warriors requested that the United States pay more money for the lands it wanted
to use" (Satz 21). Henry Dodge, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chippewa treaties were a set of three land cession treaties that sold Indian land to the US
government in exchange for money, annuities, and the right to hunt and fish on the ceded land. The
Ft. Laramie treaties of 1851 and 1868 were peace treaties between various Plains Indians and after
Red Cloud's war between the Lakota and the United States government (Bell 59). The Sioux
referred to the 1868 treaty as Putinhinsapa Wolakota, which means peace or friendship (Ostler 49).
This is nothing like the purchasing of land from the Chippewa Indians. The Ft. Laramie treaties
confined the Plains Indians to the Great Sioux reservation and stated that they would violate the
treaty if they did not do this. Violating the treaty would then result in profound penalties (Bell 59).
For the Chippewa, the treaties of 1837, 1842, and 1854 were voluntarily, but for the Lakota, the Ft.
Laramie treaties were forced and led to their displacement further east on the Great Sioux

Summary of Bury My Heart and Wounded Knee
Project
In
English
Submitted by: Tham Allen A. Cartagenas III – St. James
Submitted to: Sir Jerico Irinco
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
By Dee Brown
Table of Contents
1. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: Introduction
2. Dee Brown Biography
3. One−Page Summary
4. Summary and Analysis
5. Quizzes
6. Characters
Introduction
Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee was first published in the United States in 1970.
This landmark book–which incorporated a number of eyewitness accounts and official records–
offered a scathing indictment of the U.S. politicians, soldiers, and citizens who colonized the
American West.
Focusing Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee 1mainly on the thirty−year span from 1860 to 1890, the
book was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Army kills or displaces all Mescalero Apaches and Navahos in the region. Many Navahos die when
they are forced to live at the Bosque Redondo reservation. Ultimately, the Navahos sign a peace
treaty and are allowed to return to what is left of their land.
Chapter 3: Little Crow's War
Manipulated by deceptive treaties, the Santee Sioux surrender most of their land for money and
provisions they mostly do not receive. Little Crow does not want to fight the military might of the
United States but has no choice when some of his men kill white settlers. The Santees are ultimately
overpowered by the Army and by a Santee traitor.
Chapter 4: War Comes to the Cheyennes
White settlers ignore a treaty and begin settling on Native−American territory. After Cheyennes and
Arapahos meet with the Colorado governor to try to maintain peace, many Cheyennes are mutilated
or massacred in their Sand Creek village. The Cheyennes split, some going north to join the

Northern Cheyennes and the Teton Sioux in Powder River country, while others go south, below the
Arkansas River, where they are coerced into signing away their land in Colorado.
Chapter 5: Powder River Invasion
The Cheyennes learn that soldiers are building a fort in the Powder River country. A Cheyenne
warrior tries to warn some Arapahos of coming soldiers, but they do not believe him, and their
village is destroyed by one military column. A group of Sioux chase the half−starved,

Native American Colonialism
From the time during North American colonialism to the modern era, American Indians have
responded to and countered U.S. policies, philosophies, and agreements in hopes of sustaining and
preserving their sovereignty and relationships to the land. As a result, the U.S. government
employed many different approaches in dealing with American Indians in hopes of assimilation and
diminishment of Native American culture from the mid–19th century to early–20th century.
Consequently, as the U.S. government policies of assimilation directed towards American Indians
evolved from 1850 to 1930, so did the Indian response. Native American responses to early
aggressive U.S. polices, as in the violations of the Treaty of Fort Laramie and the Confederate Home
Guard, resulted in violent resistive responses from American Indians for the ossification of their
relationship to land. As U.S. detribalization policies later shifted to a more diplomatic approach for
improved westernized assimilation, like the Dawes Allotment Act and use of boarding schools,
American Indian's response metamorphosed from resistance to adaptation for the preservation and
survival of their native identities and culture. The intrinsic relationships that American Indians had
to their lands was a non–negotiable doctrine for many tribes. Violating these terms proved to
promote resistive responses that frequently involved violence and war. In addition, many early U.S.
policies in the 1850's commonly disregarded sovereign

Lakota Sioux : Themes Of Conflicts In Saga Of The Sioux
Over 33% of the Lakota Sioux tribes homes in Pine Ridge have no electricity or running water.
These Native Americans are living in poverty. The book Saga of The Sioux explains to us how these
Indians ended up in this position. Author gives us developed themes throughout the story. He gives
us more information on the harsh conflicts the Indians have gone through, and how it has only
gotten worse for them. The two major conflicts of Saga of the Sioux are man versus society and man
versus nature. "...the Arapaho watched from the nearby hills, the soldiers tore down all the lodges in
the village," this quote gives us an example of how the bluecoats treated the Native Americans. It
shows that they weren't even fighting back. They watched their homes being destroyed and couldn't
protect it. They had already been moved so much, they mounted their horses and left. "Reforming
was the word used to describe the effort to make all Indians adopt a civilized lifestyle." Reforming
had occurred all throughout the entire book. The soldiers, government, and settlers thought that
these Indians had to live like they did. They wanted them all to convert to Christianity and live how
these people wanted them to. They wanted them to abandon their own beliefs. "En route he [Big
Foot] fell ill with pneumonia." this is an example of how nature had been against them. Big Foot's
lungs had started bleeding and he soon died in the crossfire at Wounded Knee. He was barely able to
move on his own, which

Red Cloud Research Paper
Red Cloud was born around 1820 near the forks of the Platte River, near the present day city of
North Platte, Nebraska. His parents were Lone Man, and Walks as She Thinks. When asked about
his name, he said it was a family name. Red Cloud's parents died when he was around the age of
five or so. After the death of his parents, Red Cloud went to live with his maternal uncle, Old Chief
Smoke, who raised him with the knowledge and skills needed to provide for his family and to
defend the Lakota homeland. Red Cloud would prove himself to be a capable warrior and leader of
his people, in a series of battles with their enemies, the Pawnee and the Crow. Gold was discovered
in the area around Bannack and Alder Gulch in Montana. Virginia City would soon become a
boomtown, attracting miners and setters to the region. Travelers coming from the east would pass
through Lakota territory. Red Cloud and his fellow Lakota ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The US met with Red Cloud and representatives of the Lakota, Arapaho and Cheyenne. The Ft.
Laramie Treaty was signed that created the Great Sioux Reservation. Red Cloud made a trip to
Washington DC in 1870 to meet with President Ulysses S. Grant. He made the trip along with
several Lakota representatives. Upon his visit to Washington, Red Cloud was given the same
treatment that a head of state would be given. He was given a tour of Washington and met with
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Ely Parker, a Seneca tribal

Native American And Native Americans
Throughout history, the United States struggled with their differing cultural thoughts with the Native
Americans. The whites had different ideas that they wanted to contribute to the country, and the
Native Americans wanted to stay loyal to their cultural traditions. The early people of the United
States gradually gained control of the country. This lead to Native Americans being methodically
pushed off their land, deceived multiply through a broken treaty, and most of all, not being
completely recognized as citizens by the rest of American society. Some of these Native American
groups that had to experience these alterations were the Dakota and Lakota Sioux. The Dakota
Sioux were located in South Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, Montana, and North Dakota. This tribe
had to go through many changes throughout their history. The United States had controversies over
their land and who could occupy it. To solve some of their quarrels, the United States Government
exchanged treaties with the Natives. One of these treaties was the Treaty of Traverse de Sioux of
1851. This treaty transferred ownership of much of southern and western Minnesota from the
Dakota Sioux to the United States. The United States wanted this land to permit immigrants to have
a place to settle. The treaty opened up twenty–four million acres to immigrants. All was decent with
the Dakota Sioux until the summer of 1862. They had an inflation of cutworms that demolished
many of their corn crops, leaving their

History Of The American Western Frontier Through...
Unlike other historical books, this book offers a different angle on viewing the history of the
American western frontier–through narratives, testimonies, and primary documents that capture the
true voices of the Native Americans. Spanning across the 1860s to the 1890s, Dee Brown tells the
plight of the Native Americans after their contact with the American settlers and the United States
government. The repetitive stories of the Native American groups during the second half of the
nineteenth century– the welcoming of white men, the attempt to assimilate or resist, and eventually
the displacement or slaughter of the aboriginals– had been told tendentiously by the very people
who drove the Native Americans to the ground. Most historical writings of the west were "great
myths"– tales of "fur traders, mountain men, steamboat pilots, missionaries, schoolmasters, and
homesteaders". Described by Christopher Columbus as "decorous and praiseworthy," the aboriginal
population has been pacifistic and open–armed ever since the first contact between the New and the
Old World. One can even say that they were naïve in the way they embraced the first people that
appeared on their shores in the seventeenth century.
The Native Americans had long inhabited the North America region before the white men arrived.
Each of these thousands of groups had established their diverse culture, social structure and
technology. Although the sheer diversity of these people was astonishing to the

Indigenous Sovereignty And The Pursuit Of Natural Resources
Indigenous Sovereignty and the Pursuit of Natural Resources
Throughout the course of global and American history, the existence of indigenous peoples has been
challenged and denied by colonialist powers, driven by the search for more resources – whether that
may be land, gold, spices, or oil. As the interactions between indigenous peoples and colonizing
nations continued, a complex history was woven, setting the scene for a complicated present in
which the Native American tribe is not a state, nor an equal sovereign nation, but something else.
The numerous court cases, treaties, and laws over the years have created an entity which resides
outside the simple federalist structure of the United States of America and is yet irreversibly ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the purposes of this paper, two case studies will be examined; one, a series of treaties, and the
other, a series of federal legislation. Through the lens of close examination of these legal artifacts,
conclusions can be drawn regarding the precedents surrounding natural resources, especially oil and
natural gas, and how they clarify the legal and de facto sovereignty (or subjection) of Indigenous
tribes.
The Black Hills of South Dakota has long been contested territory between the Sioux and the United
States government. The land is rich in gold, drawing speculators and miners to the region despite
territorial boundaries. While gold is not a natural energy resource in the sense that it can be directly
used for energy, the similarities between gold and oil are striking: they are finite, incredibly
valuable, intrinsically tied to the earth and its cultural connotations. The
The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) was the first treaty to address this land; the treaty outlined
territorial boundaries among the Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Crow, Hidatsa, Mandan,
and (Lakota) Sioux Nations, and the United States, with the United States acknowledging that they
had no claim to land otherwise claimed by one of the Nations. This first treaty arose as a solution to
potential conflict from non–natives moving into Indian territory as part of the gold rush in 1848 as
well as conflict between tribes. However, the gold

Native American Reaction To Native Americans
It has been highly debated whether or not the Native Americans initially had a positive or negative
reaction to the foreign settlers that began to come in large waves to a previously unexplored
continent. There are many historians who claim that the Native Americans immediately reacted with
distrust to the new arrivals, and in some cases and to certain extents this is true. However, it has
been shown that the Natives at first viewed the Whites and Spanish with curiosity and courtesy
rather than initial violence. The "Indians" were very intrigued with the weaponry of the new peoples
and the clothes they wore, as well as the language they spoke. They did not, at the time, realize the
true intentions of the "aliens". It was only after the grievances that were caused as a result of their
expeditions that they began to react to them with distrust and hate. It has been shown that the Native
Americans initially saw the new foreigners as objects of curiosity and interest rather than objects of
wrath and destruction. This curiosity stemmed from many factors such as the clothing that the new
comers wore, the weaponry that these people held and wielded with such confidence, as well as the
language and culture which had never been encountered before. Initially each of the Native
American tribes were very interested in the culture exhibited by the Europeans as they began to
populate the Eastern Coast and the South Americas. Some of the most impactful ideologies that
were not only

Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee And Manifest Destiny
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and Manifest Destiny Amanda Grav Manifest Destiny could be
described as the European–White Man's belief that they were destined to settle the land that now
accounts for America. In Dee Brown's telling, he describes the relationships of the Native
Americans, the settlers of the states, and the United States government in a factual, yet emotional
description. In Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, his stance is explained, as well as the background
for his story. Accounts of life have been retold thousands of times from the perspective of traders,
ranchers, wagon trains and gold–seekers; the story that oftentimes fails to be told, is that of the
American Indian. Brown's outline of the position of diverse western tribes in 1860 does not include
a description of their fates thirty years later. However, by focusing not on the steady growth of white
civilization westward from the Atlantic Coast but on the equally steady decline of Indian
civilization, Brown signals his intent to make his history of the West tragic rather than celebratory.
This focus on the fate of the Indians of the West was very unusual; Brown's book was one of the
first histories of the West to give its readers the American Indians' perspective on how the West was
won or, as he would probably say, how the West was lost. Readers learn of General Carleton's
ferocity against the Indians and his great hunger for tribal land and the minerals found on it. This,
together with the settling of

Absaraka: Home of the Crow Essay
Absaraka: Home of the Crows Margaret Carrington This book was written by Margaret Carrington
(1831–1870), the wife of the Commanding Officer Colonel Henry B. Carrington, at Fort Philip
Kearny. This novel was written from her own journal about her time spent traveling to the outpost
up to her return to Fort Laramie. The book reads initially as a guide to prospective travelers on the
Virginia City road, and finishes in the same fashion. In between are her first hand accounts of the
troubles experienced at Fort Kearny between eighteen sixty–six and eighteen sixty–seven. The years
are significant because miners were responding to the news that gold had been discovered in
Montana. The resulting influx of prospectors forced the United ... Show more content on
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At this point the book delves into the skirmishes between the Cheyenne Indian and the Army. Mrs.
Carrington lends special attention to describing the Indians, which is neither completely flattering
nor harsh. The Indian answer to the White man's intrusion becomes clear when Fort Kearny is being
built. The Cheyenne along with divisions of the Arapahoe and Sioux unite in an attempt to drive
them from their territory. The build up to this stance is not overlooked by Carrington. On the way to
the Powder River she describes the warnings from Indian messengers. Most of the action takes place
near the fort while troops are felling trees. The Indians make use of their best tactics, which is to hit
and run in small groups. This behavior puts the residents of the fort in a constant state of worry and
frustrates the troops who are under strict orders not to pursue the Indians. By this point the
Carrington has built up the scene to a climax. The Indians are winning the battle of terror, while the
people of the fort grow increasingly angst over when the next foray will hit. At this point Brevet
Lieutenant Colonel William Fetterman enters the scene. Carrington describes Fetterman as a bold
character with high expectations of his men. Col. Fetterman experiences his first taste of true Indian
warfare in a battle in which a Major is killed, after this Fetterman

The Hist3 Textbook
History is a remarkable subject that offers and eagles eye view into the past. With textbooks such as,
Hist3, a great deal of interesting information can be acquired. However, a common misconception
runs rampant through students minds; the idealism that history is useless and that the subject is that
of a drag. Who can blame them? Our text books can only do so much in terms of providing the
means in educating ourselves when we're not in a class room and when given the opportunity to
appear in class we have the luxury of (hopefully) having and interesting professor to enlighten us on
all the side conflicts, affairs, and bloodshed that has happened. Even so, when we as students have
exhausted the book and our instructors, we have the privilege ... Show more content on
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However it textbook lacks the ingredient that makes any subject interesting, debauchery. Hist3 only
informs us of the business aspect of westward expansion, but lacks a certain jenesequa. It leaves out
the personalities of the men and women who lived in the era, therefor there is no connection, or
humor, or anything that ties us to those who lived in that time. Primary sources act as time capsule
for us, they provide stories and insight into what was going on. Truth be told, our textbook sugar
coats history, it may relinquish subtle hints of war and bloodshed, but the romance and encounters
seem to be subtracted from the lessons. As students and as humans, learning about these individuals
who suffered or had the loose ends of the working system is what connects us to them. If the book
incorporated this aspect, it could be more essential than what it already is. For instance, a story from
Nannie T. Alderson's "A Bride goes West", talks of a mother who meets the acquaintance of a
prostitute. The mother of course doesn't know this until she pieces certain situations together. It's
primary sources such as these that connect us to the past and help student develop interest in history
or the West for that

Transcontinental Immigration: Chapter 16 Review
Ryan Billy Per 5 Mr. Rossi Jan 13, 2016 Chapter 16 Review KEY TERMS Transcontinental
railroad– railroad that connects both sides of the us and provides jobs and increases exports
Protective Tariff– This basically protected all sorts of business and was created during the civil war.
Treaty of Kanagawa– allowed us ships to refuel at 2 ports in Japan and increase relations between
the 2 countries Burlingame Treaty– 1868 allowed for chinese emigration and allowed for us
missionaries rights in china Munn v. Illinois– allowed for states to regulate businesses. Gold
standard– paper money could be backed by gold in banks and such Crime of 1873– massive influx
of silver upset balance and silver became the crime Homestead Act– gave 160 acres land to

Oppression of American Indians in Our Hearts Fell to the...
From the Sioux in the North, to the Tonkawa in the South, tribes filled North America when the
Europeans first set foot on the soil that we now know as the United States. The relationship between
the Native American tribes and the Europeans had its fair share of difficulties for the next thirty
years. Faced with the threat of the westward movement, as well as the ruthless military treatment
that came with it, the North Americans began their unjustified, inhumane battle for survival. The
Europeans colonization of North America has forever changed the lives and cultures of the Native
Americans. The white settlers, in many ways, destroyed the Native American population.
Throughout the 19th century, they brought fatal diseases, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Having no immunity at this time, the diseases that were not so fatal to the whites often proved to be
fatal to the Indians. Sometimes, a disease would destroy an entire village with an overwhelming
outbreak. Indians were victims of an unjust federal policy. The federal policy proved to be
ambivalent, and the Europeans were the ones who usually benefited. For example, the passing of the
Dawes Act in 1887, allowed the federal government to separate tribes and begin to alter their way of
life. Under this act, an Indian could only become a citizen if they abandoned their lifestyles and
began acting as the Europeans did. The government made it almost impossible for the Native
Americans to sustain their culture under the circumstances they provided with their various acts. In
efforts to pass white beliefs and values to Indian children, the Europeans created boarding schools.
Children had to leave their families because they were influencing them by teaching the native
culture. They left homes to be malnourished, abused and brain–washed at these schools. Luther
Standing Bear has memories of bread and water being the main food course at most times. Soon
after, he realized that he had no choice but to follow the demands and begin living his life as the
white man did. The traumatic boarding schools forced Native American children to abandon and be
ashamed of their own culture. Jim Whitewolf clearly remembers the Indian children having to

Native Americans And Treaties with the Government
"We must protect the forests for our children, grandchildren and children yet to be born. We must
protect the forests for those who can't speak for themselves such as the birds, animals, fish and
trees" Chief Qwatsina's of the Lakota Tribe. The plain natives, a respectful people, took from the
land what they needed and always gave back. The settlers that came thought they were smarter and
more advanced than the natives, and viewed the natives as being inferior. In reality it was the exact
opposite. It was the settlers that had forgotten that the most basic way of life was the smartest way
of life. The settlers were clouded by their "vast knowledge" that they convinced themselves that
their way of life was the best and only way of life and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the book Buffalo Jones Forty Years of Adventure written by Charles Jones, Jones describes the
Plain Indians as, "The most tenacious of life than any race I have ever encountered." The Plain
Natives consisting primarily of Blackfoot, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Kiowa, Lakota, saw the bison
a sacred animal because it provided almost everything they needed to survive. A good bison kill
would weigh about 2,000 pounds, 800 pounds of which was good to eat. The natives could use the
bladder and stomach to store water and keep meet fresh, the hides were used as cover for teepees
and the various bones as weapons. The Plain Natives believed that the bison were created by the
Great Spirit for the soul purpose of keeping their tribes alive, making them cherish the bison as a
literal life line. In Jones's book, Jones depicts his encounter with Chief Big Indian of the Cheyenne
tribe. In this way when Jones shows Chief Big Indian where a herd of bison was, Chief Big Indian
was ecstatic with excitement, and signaled the rest of his hunters that he had found a herd. Within
half an hour, 100 Indians came from miles away to the signaled spot. Every able–bodied man from
the tribe was out hunting for bison. This shows how important the bison were for the natives. When
a single herd of bison was sighted it was so important that every man in the tribe would leave their
wives and children at risk to hunt down the herd. During the mid 1800's, the American frontiersmen
were

Crazy Horse's Impact On The Manifest Destiny
Most of the time Crazy Horse always found a way to confuse enemies when they attacked. He came
up with ideas or plans that created some of the things we use today. For example, He created a plan
where the tribe would make dummies or decoys to confuse his opponent. When anyone caused a
problem for the tribe, Crazy Horse stepped up as chief and always tried to handle the situation. The
obstacles that Crazy Horse had to deal with also has a impact on The Manifest Destiny because that
was on of his main problems. The U.S. government kept trying to get rid of the Natives because they
took up too much space(Crazyhorse). Crazy Horse also had to deal with Generals of different
colonies. For example, General Crook was a person that Crazy Horse was

Old Red Clouds-Personal Narrative
Tall spires stood black against the western sky like fingers reaching upward to caress the golden
clouds, poised round the fading, crimson halo of the now–reposing sun like angels at the birthplace
of the Christ. "Old Red Cloud's right," he said beneath his breath. "The Black Hills do go right up to
the sky." The prospector left off surveying the fading sunset and stooped to take up his burden–a
short hank of rope run round the neck and forelegs of a slain yearling mule deer. He shifted his old
Henry rifle to balance better in his left hand and pulled his load eastward, down the well–worn game
trail toward his cabin. Well, toward what would become his cabin. After turning color at last in the
creek at the bottom of the canyon, after surveying the place and deciding it was worth a go, he had
set to work putting up four walls before he shot a mess of meat. It wouldn't do to draw in a bear
without walls to keep it off, at least until he could wake up enough to make a racket and ready his
rifle. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His beans were about gone, and if it weren't October yet, it would be soon. The truth was, even if he
hadn't turned color in the creek, he would have had to set himself up for the winter anyway, or make
for Custer City and hope no one would know him from Deadwood, or give up, ride down to
Nebraska, and try to find work laying rails. The prospector wasn't ready for that yet. There would
still be plenty of rail to lay for some time, he figured. The Black Hills were his last chance for a big
strike, but in Deadwood, his bum luck had just about taken that chance away. Maybe it had, and his
borrowed time would run out soon, but he wasn't ready to quit just

The Decline Of The Native American Indians
Prior to the European invasion, the Native American Indians inhabited both North and South
America, most of them living in areas beyond the reach of railroads and well–traveled highways.
The Europeans and Native Americans met episodically through war, resulting in a clash of culture
and social integration. Interestingly, during times of geographical expansion, the American
government usually had their greatest interest in the Indians. The United States population doubled
every twenty years between the years of 1800 and 1900, while the population of indigenous people
declined. With the decline of their population, the Indians were met with a difficult task of
preserving their culture. They had to choose whether to make life easier and assimilate to society or
maintain their old traditional ways which presented many difficulties.
As the years progressed, most Indians chose to educate themselves in order to gain power in society,
in addition to making changes in their social and religious perspectives. They began to search for
ways to maintain their communities and build a better future for themselves and their families.
Henry Roe Cloud is an example of a Native American Indian who chose to assimilate to society.
Born on a reservation near Omaha, Nebraska, Cloud's academic journey began in isolated boarding
schools. He then moved onto Mount Vernon Preparatory School in Massachusetts, and finally to
Yale University, where he received a master's degree in anthropology. He

Effects Of Red Cloud Uprising On Native Americans
The native americans were treated poorly by the settlers coming west so they had uprisings. Some of
them helped the natives and some for the settlers. In the end the setters got the best of the native
americans. The important uprisings are the battle of little bighorn, sand creek, and red cloud's war.
The red cloud uprising started when the army started to build forts on the Bozeman Trail. The lakota
tribe used that as their hunting grounds. Crazy horse a leader of that tribe made the commander
think that there was a small raiding party at the forts. The army sent a group of 80 soldiers to
investigate. The natives were ready and killed the group of soldiers and the us abandoned the forts.
The natives wanted there land back so they tricked

Impact Of Industrialization On The American Civil War
With the end of the American Civil War in 1865, revolutionary changes arose, and the upsurge of
industrial influences entered the United States. Many found this as a way to raise production, build
growth, and increase currency. Although this built much success for the United States after the Civil
War, the new industrial elite changed the lives of many, such as the nonwhite, factory workers, and
Midwestern farmers. The changes caused many to recognize the abundance of goods and rights they
have. However, the impacts of industrialization left challenges, prompted factors for expansion, and
established geopolitical power. The new industrial elite changed in numerous ways. The first change
is the Reconstruction which left challenges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States had an abundance of raw materials. With the Reconstruction, it opened doors to
trading and outsourcing materials. However, these raw materials were located in areas that lack easy
access. Therefore, it increases the need for railroad transportation and a larger workforce. With
demands, comes scandals. In 1872, the Credit Mobilier Scandal broke. The investors of Credit
Mobilier, also Union Pacific members, were ensuring that they profit from the railroad industry.
This left factory workers and nonwhites were unpaid and overwork, which led to the Great Railroad
Strike in 19877 and the rise of the unions. With poor work conditions and an increase in standard of
living, factory workers were faced with the challenge of surviving. Big companies continued to cut
wages which were troublesome to the factory. They understood that by forming a union, they would
be placed on a blacklist. They would mean no one would hire them. With the result of Great
Railroad Strike in 19877, The Knight of Labor was formed and overturned wages cuts in 1885.
However, rebellions, The Haymarket Riot and The Pullman Strike, continued and the Federal
government became affected by this. Furthermore, the government provided loans, sold lands, and
provide little regulations to trade that there was an increase of immigrants. While it was an
expansion in the economy, many States were raising tariffs. This became

Red Cloud's War
Winning the war over the Powder River Country proved the strength of the Native Americans and
helped provide better Native American rights in the future. In order to put an end to Red Cloud's
War, the Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed on November 6, 1868. The treaty provided the Sioux
with land, education, farming supplies, clothes, money, doctors, carpenters, and teachers, and stated
that no white men could reside on the reservation without permission, Indians could hunt outside the
reservation, treaties taking land away could not be made, the Indians could not settle anywhere else,
and the Bozeman trail would be abandoned, but only if the war ended, Native Americans stopped
raiding, and they ceased opposing the building of forts and railroads. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For many years, he strove to preserve his way of life. He is remembered today for his determination,
independence, and strength. Red Cloud may have lived a simple life as a young Lakota Indian, but
through his battles against the U.S. Army, he created a lasting impact that continues to affect Native
Americans even today. "I was born a Lakota and I shall die a Lakota," the great chief said, "Before
the white men came to our country, the Lakota were a free people." (Monroe 28) Red Cloud's
historical stand will be remembered by Native Americans and white men alike for many years to

Summary of Bury My Heart and Wounded Knee
Project In English Submitted by: Tham Allen A. Cartagenas III â€" St. James Submitted to: Sir
Jerico Irinco Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee By Dee Brown Table of Contents 1. Bury My Heart
at Wounded Knee: Introduction 2. Dee Brown Biography 3. Oneâˆ'Page Summary 4. Summary and
Analysis 5. Quizzes 6. Characters Introduction Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee was
first published in the United States in 1970. This landmark bookâ€"which incorporated a number of
eyewitness accounts and official recordsâ€"offered a scathing indictment of the U.S. politicians,
soldiers, and citizens who colonized the American West. Focusing Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1mainly on the thirtyâˆ'year span from 1860 to 1890, the book ... Show more content on
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After much fighting, most of the Apaches settle on reservations or live in exile in Mexico. Chapter
10: The Ordeal of Captain Jack The Modocs do not receive treaty provisions from the government
and return to their old lands, the U.S. military comes to remove them, and Captain Jack takes his
people to a stronghold. Hooker Jim's band kills some settlers in revenge, then forces Captain Jack
into killing General Canby, which instigates a war. Hooker Jim and his men surrender to the
soldiers, then track down Captain Jack, who is hanged. Chapter 11: The War to Save the Buffalo The
Kiowas are forced to go to a reservation. They resolve to leave the reservation to fight the white
hunters who are destroying the buffalo but are overpowered. Some tribes choose to go back to the
reservation, while others hunt buffalo at Palo Duro Canyon, the last remaining range. The Army
destroys their village and forces the Kiowas to surrender. Chapter 12: The War for the Black Hills A
force of several thousand Native Americans fights to save the sacred Black Hills. They win a major
battle by destroying General Custer's army at the Little Bighorn, but the government uses the battle
as justification for taking the Black Hills. They also send more troops to make most of the Native
Americans surrender. Sitting Bull and some of his people escape to Canada. Chapter 13: The Flight
of the Nez PercÃ©s The Nez PercÃ©s are told to give up their land and report to a reservation.
Young Joseph

The Genide Of Native American Genocide To The Native...
"The only good Indians I ever saw were dead." Those were the infamous words of General Philip H.
Sheridan to a Comanche Chief named Toch–a–way when the chief introduced himself as "a good
Indian." General Sheridan wasn't the first to see it that and way and he surely wasn't the last. There
is evidence to conclude that a genocide did in fact happen to the Native Americans. Native
Americans also known as Indians have been persecuted and targeted from the day the first
Europeans stepped foot on the Americas. European expansion into North America – whether to find
gold, escape religious persecution or start a new life – led to the destruction of Native American
livelihoods. Disease was a major killer, followed by malnutrition. Colonists in search of gold staged
violent ambushes on tribal villages, fueling animosity with Natives. Several wars broke out between
tribes and American settlers which led to large death tolls, land dispossession, oppression and
blatant racism. (Atrocities) When Christopher Columbus was searching for a direct route from
Europe to Asia in 1492 he came across the Americas. He called the people he encountered there
Indians because he believed that he was sailing the Indian Ocean. Although Columbus is praised as
a glorious explorer of the new world he was also one of the early perpetrators of atrocities against
Native Americans. The early eighteenth century brought about the beginning of extreme Native
American persecution. As

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