The Role Of State Standards On The Classroom

The Role Of State Standards On The Classroom
The role of state standards is to guides all teachers, all schools, and all publishers to the right content
material for each core subject that state deems important. The purpose of standards tells educators
what a student should know and what students should be able to do. 2. Discuss the statement at the
beginning of the chapter about Sheltered Instruction strategies "...these strategies are not 'remedial'
in nature and do not dilute' or 'water down' instruction. What is the importance of this statement for
all teachers? What is the importance of this statement for English Language Learners? The
statement at the beginning of the chapter about Sheltered Instruction strategies implies the
importance that teacher teach ELL learners the same grade level academic content of their peers.
The modifications a teacher may use to ensure ELL students understanding does not take away from
the value of the standards being met by using academic content. Beyond the teacher's instruction,
the ELL student's benefits from instruction that is not remedial, diluted, or watered down in any
way. Research has proven that ELL students learn more vocabulary and become proficient in
English faster when exposed to grade level academic content. 3. What is meant by the term
"contextualize," and what is the significance of this for English Language Learners? The term
contextualizes in chapter seven refers to other forms of communication beside oral, such as a group
of words or a video. Contextualize
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Evaluation Of A Research Tool Essay
I. Valid Data a. 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ltvDNAsO–I
2.http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&sid=30c9c5c2–
f1d8–4a79–bdc2–8b139b474eb1%40sessionmgr4010&hid=4213
3. http://psc.dss.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/intro/validity.htm
b. Data shows validity when the test or tool used to obtain the data is believable. Two different ways
of determining validity is internal and external. Internal research will show whether the research
tool used has measured what the research determined from the beginning it would measure. External
research can be used to generalize what the research found into other areas that are similar to the
research. A researcher can use three methods to find the validity of a test. The content method
decides what content is going to be measured in the research. The construct method involves the
researcher verifying a theory behind the research question and then whether the test is adequate to
give valid data. A third method is the criterion related method in which c. A researcher wants to
measure the ability of elementary students to determine whether bullying is right or wrong in the
context of playing at recess. The researcher shows a group of participants a video of students at
recess bullying a student. The student responses gather shows that the students determined that the
bullies are not involved in wrong doing towards the student on the receiving end

Assessment of Reading Essay examples
RUNNGHEAD: ASSESSMENT OF READING
Assessment of Reading
Alma J. Bosket
Curriculum, Methods and Assessment: Literacy and Language Arts–EED–470
Professor Katie G. Troub
September 23, 2012
Assessment of Reading
Chart
|Assessments |Characteristics |Compare and |
| | |Contrast |
| | | |
|Developmental Reading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|strategies a student uses to meaning of individual words |
| | |and texts. As this is implied and paired with |
| | |comprehension inquiry it can be used to identify the |
| | |instructional reading level for individual students. Not |
| | |to mention, explains how to take a running record and how|
| | |to use what you learn from it to help your students. |
| | | |
|Dynamic Indicators |A set of procedures and measures for |DIBELS are designed to be short (one
minute) fluency |
|Of Basic Early Literacy |assessing the acquisition of early literacy |measures used to regularly
monitor the development of |
|Skills

The Importance Of The No Child Left Behind Act
CCSS became active in 2009 to improve the No Child Left Behind Act: A law signed by President
George W. Bush in 2001 to provide federal money to less privileged schools. Money given was for
extra educational assistance to improve academic test scores to reach proficiency or above. "The
goal of the law is that all students will score at the "proficient" level in reading and math by 2014"
(Fairtest, 2008). It was mandatory to take a standardized test for the school to report the percentages
of proficiency in different subject areas; included in the report was race, income, disability, and
gender. If a school failed to improve, then they are put under the "school improvement" list. Once
put on the list, the school may go through these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There has been stress coming from students saying that they did not learn or understand concepts on
the test because it was not taught or elaborated enough in school. There are different views on if the
CCSS are effective or not.
Common Core State Standards are playing a role in current school reform and education politics.
Even though the CCSS has general achievements to have every student be on track and prepared for
college, each states are on different requirements. "We also found that teachers in different districts
and states were having very different experiences with the Common Core" (Karp, 2013). All 50
states are on not on the same page on what type of education is best for their students. For example,
in Texas it is mandatory to learn about Texas History in middle school, but other states are required
to teach World History during that time. There has been a lot of uncertainty of whether it is truly
preparing students for college and career readiness. It seems as though a lot of students are on
different paces and not on track with others around them. "Common Core mathematics standards,
concluding that the Common Core leaves students one or two years behind the National
Mathematics Advisory" (Ibid, 2014). Learning about math may not come easy for some students.
The content may be difficult to understand, but teachers are expected to not waste time covering a
topic and to move on to prepare for the standardized test. The fast pace causes students to be

Testing Is A Form Of Testing Used By Our Educational System
Standardized testing is a form of testing used by our educational system to measure the success of a
school's students and faculty. A typical student takes 112 mandated standardized tests between
PreKindergarten and twelfth grade. The use of these tests became mandatory in 2002 as part of the
No Child Left Behind Act. Although there are some individuals who support these tests, many
parents, students, and teachers experience the negative effects year after year. Standardized tests
impact students emotionally and do not provide accurate results of a child's education level or
teacher's performance. They take away from students learning new things for months prior to the
test date as teacher's focus primarily on this one test to satisfy our government.
Standardized testing has been used for many years, but has not always been mandatory and there
was little emphasis put on it. Previously, the test was used to see where a student was at with their
education, but did not dictate the level of their education or their teachers ' performance. During this
time, the school atmosphere was more enjoyable and there was an array of curriculum opportunities.
Students were able to discover what they were good at as well as discover, explore, and play in a
relaxed atmosphere and most children loved to attend. Teachers worried about how they could reach
children through their teaching and incorporate important knowledge and skills in hopes to make the
students viable active members of

Test Crt Should Be Used Rather Than Norm Referenced Tests
Criterion–Referenced Tests CRT Should Be Used Rather Than Norm–Referenced Tests NRT The
assessment looks at the wide variety of methods that educators use to evaluate and determined the
achievement of the student's educational need. The focus of this essay is to look at the Criterion–
Referenced Tests (CRT) and the Norm–Referenced Tests (NRT) usage to see why the Criterion–
Referenced Tests should be used rather than the Norm–Referenced Tests. The learning standards and
the curriculum will be discussed to help determine why the CRT should be used rather than the
NRT. Also, we will take a look at the principal use of how the two methods differ by one using
survey testing and the other mastery testing. I will give my informed opinion throughout the essay.
The Criterion–Referenced Tests measure the performance against a fix set of predetermined learning
standards. This means that there will be written descriptions of what students are expected to know
and are able to do in each learning outcome unit stage in the course. This method of assessment is
done to evaluate what skills the student has learned. The learning standards will measure how well a
student has mastered the specific skill described in the national learning standards (Waugh &
Gronlund, 2013). Since the teachers and the schools can develop their own learning standards, this
will help the students to be able to accomplish the learning objective performance outcome expected
in my opinion. The curriculum will

Skills Assessment Evaluation Form :
Skills Assessment Evaluation Form Use the form below to assemble your Skills Assessment
summary. You will submit this completed form as evidence of your assessment. SPE 569 Student
Name: Kelly Gilpatrick Client/participant information: Area of behavior focus – Manding and
tacting, play skills such as cooperative play, symbolic play, and spontaneous and imitative play
skills, eye contact, receptive identification and expressive identification of various stimuli, self–help
skills such as dressing, brushing teeth, washing hands, and toileting. Age: 3 years old Assessment
environment (home, clinic, classroom): Home environment Assessment #1 Assessment #2
Assessment Name Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB–MAPP)
Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills–Revised (ABLLS–R) Publisher AVB Press,
2008 Behavior Analysts, Inc., 2010, 3rd edition Original edition released in 1998 Information
sources (URL) Printed Version http://www.avbpress.com/vbmapp–set.html APP for VB–MAPP
https://www.vbmappapp.com/products_services/vbmapp_app Printed version
https://www.partingtonbehavioranalysts.com/shop/ABLLS–R–The–Assessment–of–Basic–
Language–and–Learning–Skills–Revised.html WebABLLS 2.0 (Electronic version available)
https://www.partingtonbehavioranalysts.com/page/webablls–26.html Cost Printed Version: $ 69.95
APP: $19.99 for 1 student, $54.99 for 3 students, $179.99 for 10 students, $399.99 for 25 students
Print version: $64.95

Argumentative Essay On Standardized Testing
Standardized testing has been used for decades to measure students' understanding, knowledge, and
intelligence on school matters such as mathematics, science and language arts. Though stressful,
standardized tests provide the government with information on educational disparities and allow
students to receive a fair assessment, outside of the direct influence of the teacher. However, over
the past few years, standardized testing has gained a reputation for being ineffective; even James
Dyson, a British inventor, called the standardized testing system a "lazy" method of evaluation.
Unfortunately, due to immense pressure from the public and the teachers' union, the BC Ministry of
Education has taken steps to abolish the Provincial Exam system in favor of more "in–class
assessments" which they claim will make the learning environment more "flexible." Regrettably,
this decision will only reduce objectivity, comparability, and accountability in the classroom. Thus,
the BC Ministry of Education must readopt the Provincial Exam system as a method of evaluation
to reinforce the public's trust in the education system. The use of standardized tests is historical. In
fact, they were first used in China to test hopefuls for government jobs on their knowledge of
Confucian philosophy and poetry. Soon, the concept of standardized testing spread as it proved to be
an easy way to test a large number of students quickly, especially during the Industrial Revolution

The Success Of Corporate School Reform
The corporate school reform which has originated through political movement mainly has methods
in which are taken from the political approaches. The fact that most of the school board members
consists of those who professions in business instead of education is not favorable. The Failure of
Corporate School Reform on page one states that the corporate school reformers try to "imagine
public schools as private businesses, districts as markets, students as consumers, and knowledge as
product." If I am able to purchase my knowledge, that will be great. Yet, I am not able to do that,
and I feel like the reformers are only looking at me as one of the pawns on the chessboard; the
reformers are only thinking of us as money. There is a saying that everyone learns from their
mistakes; however, the corporate school reformers only change their methods of approaching by
little bit or unnecessary matters. Even stated on page two of The Failure of Corporate School
Reform, the "reformers have insisted on accountability through test scores and [they] have failed."
Then the fact that the standardized testing is still given upon to us is objectionable. Instead of taking
out the standardized testing, the reformers, for example, comes up with a method of abolishing or
replacing public schools with charter schools. It is as if they are trying to prove that their idea of
standardized testing is not wrong by somehow incorporating the tests into the "new" schools or the
charter schools. The result

Glossary Concept Quiz : Glossary Quiz
Ali DeLine
Ortiz
Edu 201
February 1, 2016
Glossary Concept Quiz
Chapter One:
1. Assessment–context that is defined clearly to learners and shows the assessors what the learners
understands.
1. 2.Criterion–referenced test– discovering what a learner knows about addition tow digit numbers
without regrouping the numbers.
2. Norm–referenced assessment– determination of how much a student knows compared to the other
students.
3. Formative assessment–Teachers that collect evidence about what a student still needs to
comprehend and adaptions that are made to meet the student's needs.
4. Summative assessment– uncovering a students knowledge and is able to present that knowledge
at a certain period of time.
5. 6.Reliability– material that is consistent and is repeated across many administrations.
6. Validity– clear evidence that is related to what is being taught and what is being assessed.
Chapter Two:
1. 1–Developmental learning theories– change of development of oneself over a period of time,
from birth to adulthood.
2. 2–Mastery goal orientation– desire to learn new skill for the sake of learning.
3. 3–performance goal orientation–the learners inclination to demonstrate a new skill and compare
their results to others.
4. 4–Self–efficacy– desired outcome based of one's feeling.
5. 5–Social learning theories– the interaction between the learners and the social environment
around them.
6. 6– Testing– evaluating students skills and knowledge by their performance of a

Screening Potential Employees
There are hundreds of tests available to help in the process of screening potential employees. Using
selection procedures and test is what helps employers to promote and hire potential employees.
Cognitive tests, medical examinations and other test and procedures aid in the process of hiring
potential employees.. The use of tests and other selection measures can be a very useful way of
deciding which applicants or employees are most competent for a particular job. Employee selection
tests are intended to offer employers with an insight into whether or not the potential employee can
handle the stress of the job as well as their capacity to work with others. Employees believed that
personality and psychological assessments can help to predict ... Show more content on
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Cognitive ability test also measures the ability to solve job–related problems. There are many
advantages and disadvantages for using cognitive ability test it has been used to predict job
performance. Employers use cognitive ability test because it can be cost–effective and does not
require a trained administrator reducing business cost. Using the test to predict individuals for hiring
promotion or training. The cognitive ability test can also be administered using pin and paper or
computerized methods which helps when testing big

Standard Based Learning And Its Impact On Education
Standard based learning has led to the demise of public education for years. Standard based learning
is an educational system that measures students' achievement and mastery of skills by their
performance on assessments. Institutions that implement standard based learning use learning
standards that explicitly describe what students should theoretically know and what lessons that
educators should teach. The learning standards were created to define the adeptness of the students,
ensure the retention of information, and the acquisition of the appropriate skills. Law makers tend to
believe that standards will make the educational system a better place. With each political campaign
a new educational reform is presented and it usually ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Southerland cite that NCLB was an improvement policy that required, "... greater accountability to
improve students' achievement scores on statewide–administered summative tests for both teachers
and school systems."(Aydeniz 234). This can be said for all of the political reforms the agenda is to
improve the test scores not the education of our children Educators are not only limited financially
but they are deprived to the freedom to actually educate their students. Standards are subjective
requirements that tend to hinder the true abilities of students and educators; no student is the same
therefore it seems almost impossible to require every student to be able to comprehend on the same
levels.
In order to measure student competency evaluations are given. These evaluations formally known as
standardized tests are not only used to measure students' "wit" they are also used to give an
indication of the educators' performace.Standardized tests are the main focus for many educators in
state–funded public schools. Criterion–Referenced Competency Tests, End of Course Tests,
Graduation Tests, Milestones and state writing tests seem to all have one thing in common; they are
used to determine the amount of money schools will receive. Education is yet another pawn in the
political revenue game. The "success rate" of the schools determine the amount of funds that they
receive from the government, meaning that if a school does not meet qualifications then their

Persuasive Essay On Education Reform
Educational reform is yet to be perfected. Teachers shape the minds of students to realize what their
purpose is in life. Lately, because of certain educational reforms, it has been hard for teachers to say
what they need to say. "In 40–plus states, the math and English guidelines determine the knowledge
students have to master by the end of each grade, what they'll be tested on this year, and in many
cases, how teachers and principals will be rated at their jobs once those test scores are released"
(Strauss). Most educational reforms are adopting standardized testing and should be reconsidered.
Statistics even show that since we have taken part in reforms like No Child Left Behind, Race to the
Top, and Common Core State Standards math and reading are declining. These standards tell
teachers what to teach and what the students should know by the end of the school year. The reforms
also evaluate teacher performance by how well the students learn the information. Some people
believe educational reforms should not be telling teachers how to teach their students, and others
believe that the reforms are absolutely fine the way they are. However the truth is educational
reforms are yet to be perfected.
One point of view a person could have about educational reform is that students throughout the
country should all have the same high–quality standards. Issues and Controversies states,"All states
should adhere to similar academic standards so that American youth are

Persuasive Essay On Standardized Testing
If standardized testing is going to change, then now is the time. The Every Student Succeeds Act
[ESSA] has recently been enacted, and states are feeling the pressure to integrate a balanced
assessment system as mandated. As this essay has presented, the current system and models of
standardized testing are rife with problems. This proposed solution addresses the core elements of
this problem with education in the United States today. Standardized testing is here to stay.
Although there is a strong argument for it to be removed from the system of education, it is a tool
used by politicians to gage school and student performance. The best solution for the future of
education is to develop a standardized testing system that work. Standardized testing is meant to
measure student performance and growth. It would be imperative to remove the high stakes
accountability component. I agree accountability is important. However, that should be a completely
separate entity. The solution I am proposing to fix standardized testing is a multi–level criterion
referenced digital portfolio which assess multiple measures through low stakes on–demand adaptive
tests, and stealth assessments. This solution is designed from an amalgamation of individual
alternatives to standardized testing that have been developed by experts in an article titled 8
Alternatives to High–Stakes Standardized Tests, by Sarah Briggs. On their own they are okay, but
mixed and molded, they are the answer. One of the

Relax, It Is Only a Test!
Relax, It Is Only A Test! Imagine a world where the future of a particular child all depends on what
they receive on a single exam score. Then, imagine having that score analyzed, compared, and
shared with school officials statewide. In reality, this is happening, and in many times, for the wrong
purpose and has largely contributed to falsely claimed assumptions of students due to the inaccuracy
of these scores. Standardized testing, the definition is in the word itself; any test given in the same
environment, to the appropriate age group, and based solely on specific standards that were hoped to
be mastered by students. However, what really is gained from these particular exams? Perhaps it is
the single digit produced that so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"...only twenty–two percent of those surveyed said increased testing had helped the performance of
their local schools compared with twenty–eight in 2007" ("Public Skeptical of Standardized
Testing."). Furthermore the poll indicated an eleven percent increase, compared to last year, towards
the favor of discontinuing the usage of students' test results for teacher evaluations. William
Bushaw, executive director of PDK International and co–director of PDK/Gallup Poll also stated,
"Americans' mistrust of standardized tests and their lack of confidence and understanding around
new education standards is one the most surprising developments we've found in years" ("Public
Skeptical of Standardized Testing."). All in all, not only are these tests a concern for students, who
are forced to sit through them, hoping to get a decent enough score to place into a class, receive
their diploma, or even get accepted to the college of their dreams, but they are a concern for parents
as well, who only want the best for their children and to see them succeed. Similarly, many teachers,
statewide, feel that these exams that no significant value towards a student's overall intelligence.
According to a survey by both the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Scholastic, of more than
ten–thousand public school teachers, this report has found that teachers

Practices : A Possible Benefit
Interleaved Practices: A Possible Benefit to the Learning Process
Forrest E. Crain
University of Idaho
Abstract This paper provides a brief summary on the studies of interleaving practices and their
implementations. In this paper interleaving practices are compared and contrasted with blocked
practices. Blocked practice is when a learner performs a single practice task over and over again in
the learning process, with repetition being the key. Interleaved practice, or varied practice, is when
the learner works on random practice tasks varied over time. The random tasks are interleaved with
each other as the learning session unfolds, forcing the learner to be alert and attentive to the
changing nature of the tasks. Earlier research focused on interleaving practices effects on motor
skills. This research showed that learning was greater with the implementation of interleaved
practices as opposed to block practices. Current research involving interleaving practices in
cognitive function, though limited, have shown some promising results in increasing the
effectiveness of learning. This paper examines some popular studies on interleaving practices.
Though effective in certain contexts, interleaving has not also been consistent in improving the
learning process. This may occur because of inconsistencies in methods and materials, and other
confounding factors. Overall, interleaving practices show much promise, and need to be further
studied so they can be

Summary Of Carol Burris Opening The Common Core
Haley Wagner
Professor Micheal Callaway
English 101
11 October 2016
Carol Burris is a principle and co–author to the book "Opening the Common Core". In her article "I
was naïve about the Common Core", she addresses many personal experiences and negative
outcomes from the modern day state standards for school districts. The Common Core is a set of
state standards that schools teach to students so they have the skills, habits and knowledge to be
successful for college and post high school careers. While in the beginning of the article she claims
she was completely for this method of teaching, she later describes how gruesome it truly was to the
students. The overwhelming stress to the children through extensive evaluations and tests became ...
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Only recently with the addition of the Common Core Standardized Tests, students are being faced
with more tests than ever. A typical student takes 112 mandated standardized tests between pre–
kindergarten and 12th grade (Study says standardized...). In my opinion, the complexities of these
tests are inclining to a degree where they are unreachable to the average student. These tests are an
unreliable measure of performance with unfair instruction time. Student anxiety and stress has
become so awful that the Standford–9 exam comes with instructions on what to do in case a student
vomits on the test. While the tests are there for students skill–measurement scores, they aren't the
only one's who need to prepare for the exam. Teachers are equally pressured by their overhead
figures to insure student's score well. Just like the students, standardized tests are an imprecise
measure of teacher performance, yet they are used to reward and punish teachers. Teachers are being
required to a more progressive teaching style with emphasize on reflective learning. The effects of
this are being nicknamed "drill and kill" test prep. Developing a corresponding curriculum prior to
these assessments can be tricky because of the ambiguous content the Common Core requires. A
considerable majority of these tests are given to students online. These already pricey tests come at
an expensive cost for schools. An underlining problem people are concerned about is declining
student scores being used as an excuse to close public schools that already can't afford for the
computers to take the test, and open more voucher

English Language Discussion Questions
without asking questions. He also encouraged just chit–chat, gossip and all other forms of
conversation. He stressed that talkative parents have talkative children and taciturn parents have
non–speaking children. He alleged that it was imperative to also listen to your child even if they are
just saying bababababa, repeat what they've said back to them and react to what they say. Letting
them practice and hear themselves and see a parents interest is crucial to language development.
Talking to your children not only builds language skills but it also increases intelligence. 6) IDEA
part C regulations state specific mandates about assessments for children birth to three. What are
three of those mandates? Three IFSP mandates about assessments: ... Show more content on
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It's visual impact is simplistic and useful by sharpening the early interventionists awareness of the
families community, it assists deciphering proper assessment and planning of interventions, and
even evaluating the effectiveness of the services provided. The Eco–map is also useful in the
development of the IFSP by helping the early interventionist have the full picture of the family so
that the IFSP can be family–centered, respectful of the diversity inside of the family and knowledge
of the individual resources and needs of the

Who Was Really Left Behind? Essay
The No Child Left Behind Act was enacted in order to give young students an equal advantage at
advancement into higher education. To level out educational expectations, standardized tests such as
the AIMS began to be administered to certain grade groups collecting their levels of knowledge on a
universal plane of information. Tests on such large amounts of information do of course require a
great deal of teaching and information administration. This raises the question for many, how much
time is spent during the school year preparing students for standardized tests and how much
freedom does that leave for a broadened learning experience? The simple answer is not much at all.
In fact, these tests weigh down the school year with repetitive ... Show more content on
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It was reported that same year that "Twelve jurisdictions (9 OECD jurisdictions and 3 non– OECD
jurisdictions) had students at the 90th percentile with higher scores than the United States on the
combined science literacy scale. U.S. students also had lower scores than the OECD average score
for two of the three content area subscales." (Baldi: Executive Summary). This information ranks
the United States as being held on the lower end of the educational scale, an obvious concern for the
leaders and citizens of the U.S. I was known as a conservative advocate of many of these policies,
but I've looked at the evidence and I've concluded they're wrong. They've put us on the wrong track.
I feel passionately about the improvement of public education and I don't think any of this is going
to improve public education (Inskeep, S n.pag).
Information such as this still sparks several controversies around the country and various
approaches to reverse this trend have been presented. One such approach is the No Child Left
Behind Act. NCLB is widely regarded to as "a universal movement towards government–regulated
standardization and high–stakes assessment." (Rubin n.pag). The Act was intended to better the
ranks of United States' students through a leveled measurement of academic understanding,
however after more than a decade; it is widely reported as having done more harm than good. One
such report states, On its 10–year

Problems With Standardized Testing Essay
In Standardized Testing and Its Victims, an article written for Education Week, Alfie Kohn states:
Standardized testing has swelled and mutated, like a creature in one of those old horror movies, to
the point that it now threatens to swallow our schools whole.... Our children are tested to an extent
that is unprecedented in our history and unparalleled anywhere else in the world. While previous
generations of American students have had to sit through tests, never have the tests been given so
frequently, and never have they played such a prominent role in schooling. (1)
Kohn accurately describes one of the main flaws in America's education system: standardized
testing. According to the article No Child Left Behind, legislation passed in ... Show more content
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In order for students to score higher, teachers edit the curriculum drastically, change teaching
methods, and sometimes resort to dishonesty (5–8). According to a 1990 survey cited by Katie
Young in her article, What's So Bad About Standardized Testing?, nine percent of teachers admitted
to cheating to raise test scores. Furthermore, many teachers unintentionally become angry and
frustrated with low scoring students, resulting in a more hostile and uncomfortable learning
environment. Both teachers and students feel discouraged and suddenly unmotivated after scoring
poorly, which eventually affects the entire learning atmosphere (4–5). In How Standardized Testing
Damages Education, an article by the National Center for Fair and Open Testing, standardized
testing is described as "developmentally inappropriate" (1). The overwhelming amount of pressure
that accompanies standardized testing can severely affect students, administration, and the school
system as a whole.
All of this pressure is caused by a single test that does not even truly display a student's intelligence.
Many researchers have found that the content on standardized test is much too narrow and the
multiple choice format limits creativity (Herman and Golan 3). There are so many other factors that
truly display a person's abilities and qualifications, such as involvement in the school,
extracurricular activities, and accomplishments in

Is It A Standardized Test?
Who gets to decide what it means to be well educated?
Does the phrase well educated refer to the quality of schooling you received or to something about
you? Who gets to decide what it means? Is it a standardized test? Is it our test scores or
memorization of facts? How much or how well we can remember at a given point in time? How
much knowledge we ought to have? What could it possibly be? I think this society has given "Well
Educated" a poor definition. Sitting in a class for a long time does not make us educated. Test scores
does not make us educated neither does reading faster than others or solving mathematical
calculations. Not everyone has to same knowledge of a certain thing, so why judge us on the same
criteria. Does it denote what we were taught? If the term refers to what we know or what we can do
then we could be poorly educated despite receiving a top–notch education, and if it is, then the
numerous people constantly going to get an education in big name schools are unintelligent. In
addition, if it refers to the quality of schooling, then many well–educated people sat through lesson
that was too irrelevant for them to remember a few years later.
Why do we go to school? The first eighteen years of life, going to school is not always by choice but
compulsory. We are told that if we want to make our lives better we have to go to school. We go to
school because the law tells us to; it indirectly states that to be more than average and earn a good
paycheck, we have

No Child Left Behind Act Essay
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, President George W. Bush's education reform bill, was
signed into law on Jan. 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act says that states will develop and
apply challenging academic standards in reading and math. It will also set annual progress
objectives to make sure that all groups of students reach proficiency within 12 years. And the act
also says that children will be tested annually in grades 3 through 8, in reading and math to measure
their progress. The test results will be made public in annual report cards on how schools and states
are progressing toward their objectives.
States will have until the 2005–06 school year to develop and apply their tests. Once the tests are in
place, schools ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The No Child Left Behind Act also has a very narrow focus on curriculum. The act focuses on just
math and reading scores. This could have an undemocratic effect on a large generation of students in
poorly performing schools. Schools would have take away much of the broad education in order to
elevate scores on just two subject areas. Students in wealthy schools with good test scores will
continue to learn a full range of subjects including art, social studies and science, while the students
who scored poorly on the tests, will be receiving education in only two subject areas. It is not right
to put two subjects as the top priority. This means that not all students will get a complete education.
This concern with literacy and math skills divides education into two groups. One group is forced to
learn basic skills and the other group gets the more complete education. The goal of raising the
performance level of all students is an honorable idea, but the change in performance should be in
all subject areas not just math and reading.
The No Child Left Behind Act's main provisions ignore the fact that poorly performing students will
somehow become good readers by moving to a school with good scores. The chance that the
previously successful school

How Education Is The Key Focus On Improving Test Scores
For many years the government has played a role in how education was run. For decades, politics
has placed its focus on student test scores, how to increase those test scores, and standards that must
be followed in order to achieve the goals the politicians have set. Early childhood education has
been the key focus on improving test scores. According to the politics, test scores must meet above
average levels in order for students to become college and career ready. Greater emphasize is
pushed on math and reading levels to improve before students reach middle grade classes. Politics
took more control and are now pressing for state standardized test to prove student improvements
and well as school improvement. The government has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developed in 2001 but signed by President Bush in 2002, the NCLB was designed to include all
children the right to the same education, including those with disabilities (Educational Technology,
2012). It was designed to provide parents more options and better teaching methods for their
children with disabilities (Educational Technology, 2012). It described how and what students
would be learning and assessments given to prove their success. The NCLB was designed with
academic standards categorized by each individual state. By the 2005 school year, all states were to
prove their assessments for language arts and math in grades 3–8 every year, then once during their
high school years. By the 2007 school year, science assessments became mandatory. Although the
NCLB were designed to include children with disabilities, they were still expected to partake in the
assessments, even if it meant providing accommodations for them. Some accommodations could
include students with disabilities receiving extra time on test, having a small group management,
having test questions read aloud to them or allowing them to take extra breaks during the test (No
Child Left Behind Act (NCLB): An Overview, 2014). Since all schools were to prove a 100 percent
annual measurable objective by the end of the 2013 school year, most states had to apply for a
waiver to change their passing rates from 100 percent to a more realistic goal. Schools argued that
the goals for all

The Negative Implications Of Standardized Testing In Schools
Imagine if the medical profession worked like the education profession. Doctors are responsible for
curing a patients ills, just like teachers are responsible for raising student performance. For doctors,
there are many factors involved in treating the ill such as diagnosis, insurance, family history,
medicine, treatment plan, and tests. For educators, there are also many factors involved in increasing
student performance, such as identifying learning deficiencies, financial resources, student's culture
and socioeconomic background, curriculum, student effort, and standardized testing. Now imagine
that doctors are held accountable for curing the patient although many of the factors are out of their
control. If the tests don't show that the patient is recovering it is entirely the doctors fault and they
may lose their job or have sanctions placed against them. This is exactly how it is for teachers.
Regardless of the factors that are out of the teacher's control, if students don't perform well on
standardized tests, teachers are held accountable. Standardized tests are intended to measure student
achievement, but they have been broadened to weigh teacher performance. One of the aspects that
influences the trouble with standardized testing is how this high stakes teacher evaluation system
creates unfair accountability pressure on educators. The high stakes aspect to standardized testing
dates back several decades, but it became the nationwide treatment of education reform

Essay Standardized Testing
Standardized testing is used practically worldwide for all sorts of various criterion. A
standardized test could be used for getting into a top of the line college, or to see if you meet the
requirements for a job. Such tests include the well known ACTs and SATs. There are many
different ways that standardized tests can be graded. Norm–Referenced, and Criterion–Referenced
forms of grading are just a couple of the types of tests. Tests can also be easily misused and are
often protested.
Often times in order to persue a certain career, before you are employed it is necessary to see how
you rate in comparison to the company?s standards. If you were to, for instance, become a pizza
maker for Pizza ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(www.fairtest.org).
Bush wants tests to be used to tell if in fact the student has taken in the standard amount of
knowledge they should have while in that grade. Getting eighty out of one–hundred questions would
not be bad neither. That is because often times, questions are thrown in that may not have
necessarily been something the student would have learned during his third grade year but rather his
fourth grade year. If the student does answer those questions correctly the student is advanced and
know more than the standard amount of information that was taught to them. Under Bush?s plan, if
a large amount of students are not meeting state standards of what they should be learning, then tax
money will be yanked away from that school. In this case, it is crucial that all teachers do their job
in teaching children the standard information required to be known by a specific grade or skill level.
If the standard information is taught thoroughly and correctly then it should be easy for the student
to take a standardized test and come out equal to or ahead of set standards. A Norm–Referenced test
compare a person?s score against the scores of a group of people who have already taken the same
exam, called the ?norming group.?

Criterion-Referenced Competency Test
Using the Criterion–Referenced Competency Test (CRCT) to measure Georgia public schools'
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) put pressure on the Atlanta Public Schools and fostered Beverly
Hall to use dishonorable tactics to meet the goals of President George W. Bush's No Child Left
Behind Act (NCLB), which required states to conduct annual assessments of student academic
achievement to determine financial rewards or penalties for schools and teachers. This act failed to
recognize the underlying problems in low–performing public schools, often problems that money
could not fix, and had unintended negative consequences such as the "Atlanta cheating scandal."
First of all, federal funding was granted to high performing schools for meeting the AYP, ... Show
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NCLB was more likely to help schools that already had high quality teaching and resources, making
the funding incentive ineffective in equal distribution and access to high quality education. This
created an atmosphere where leaders like Hall had to act unethically to receive funding and play this
"game" that set up low SES schools to lose. What Hall did was not justified by any means nor do I
think she manipulated test scores for the good of the kids, but her behavior is understandable
considering the circumstances. Different incentives, such as full tuition scholarships for high quality
teachers in the nation's top graduate programs to teach in low SES schools or directly incentivizing
low SES kids to enroll in college for upward mobility and supporting their families could have been
implemented to prevent an "Atlanta cheating scandal." Nevertheless, improving educational
outcome does not occur at the school level but beyond into the societal level. It is important to take
these factors into consideration when implementing future educational

Essay about Arguing Against Standardized Testing
To many students standardized testing has become another part of schooling that is dreaded.
Standardized testing has been a part of school since the nineteen–thirties; in those days it was used
as a way to measure students that had special needs. Since the time that standardized test have been
in American schools there has been many programs that have placed an importance on the idea of
standardized testing such as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Evans 1). Over the years the
importance of standardized testing has increased tremendously and so has the stakes, not only for
teachers but also students. All states in the United States of America have state test in order to
measure how much students learn, and help tell how well the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most standardized test do not measure emotional or mechanical intelligence, actually a lot of
educators argue that standardized test do not measure comprehension or actual intelligence but
rather memorization. While others may believe that standardized testing just needs a few
improvements, others believe that it is impossible to have a test that measures accurately the
capability of a diverse student population. Today's schooling depends heavily on the test scores from
standardized test. Standardized testing should not have so much weight put on them because they
have a negative impact on effective education, students' self–concept, and learning styles. Although
standardized testing has been a major part of schooling it has also had a negative impact on effective
education. Standardized has made a huge impact on public schooling so much that not only does it
affect the students but also the teachers. With the teachers now beginning to get raises or having
their jobs on the line if their students fail the test, many students have not been getting the fullest
education process that they could get. Students may not realize the impact that it has had on the type
of teaching style that they receive because they are so used to it. With so many teachers not having a
lot of time to teach what is on the test and the other things that they feel are important to students to
know, a lot of

A Nation at Risk and No Child Left Behind: Deja Vu for...
Before the No Child Left Behind act came into effect there was a report done in 1983 called A
Nation At Risk. Within in this report is information and statistics about how academic
underachievement had reached national and international scales. In response to this report the
National Commission on Excellence in Education came up with 38 recommendations for the
schools. The recommendations were divided into five categories: content, Standards and
Expectations, Time, Teaching, Leadership and Fiscal Support (A Nation at Risk and
No Child Left Behind: DÉJÀ VU FOR ADMINISTRATORS?). Most notably, the report led to
comprehensive school reform efforts, was the impetus for the academic–standards movement, drew
attention to the significance of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teachers have to focus mainly on the basic meaning of what the students need to learn instead of
teaching the deeper and worldly application of the material being taught. In addition, every year
each grade is required to make higher scores on the standardized tests than the year before. There is
also the fact that the NCLB program holds children back. Those who are gifted or high performing
students are not given the attention that they need, because all of the funding that the schools are
given from the program is being used on programs to get all of the students to the minimum skill
requirement, which is set by the NCLB. Also NCLB only focuses on math skills, English language
skills, and eventually a science skill. This only elevates the scores for two fundamental skills that
students need in today's world. In focusing only on these few skills students lose the benefits of a
broader education. Some schools in times of budget cuts have had to cut some of their classes so
that they can focus on the subject areas dictated by the NCLB. Plus, some schools have done
surveys and found out that high school students are lacking knowledge in the subjects of history,
civics, and literature. Another point that people disagree with is the fact that the Act is requiring
100% of students, including disadvantaged and those with special needs, within a school to reach
the same state standards in reading and math by

No Child Left Behind Act Essay examples
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, President George W. Bush's education reform bill, was
signed into law on Jan. 8, 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act says that states will develop and
apply challenging academic standards in reading and math. It will also set annual progress
objectives to make sure that all groups of students reach proficiency within 12 years. And the act
also says that children will be tested annually in grades 3 through 8, in reading and math to measure
their progress. The test results will be made public in annual report cards on how schools and states
are progressing toward their objectives.
States will have until the 2005–06 school year to develop and apply their tests. Once the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Democrats and Republicans should challenge the No Child Left Behind Act. Even though the No
Child Left Behind Act has good intentions to help children, there are many hazardous strategies
involved. The No Child Left Behind Act may do more harm than good. The strategies in the No
Child Left Behind Act do not contain research evidence to support the law. The No Child Left
Behind Act guidelines that were published in December, 2002 by the United States Department of
Education, insist that parents of students in poorly performing schools be allowed to transfer them to
a different school, even if it causes overcrowding somewhere else.
The No Child Left Behind Act also has a very narrow focus on curriculum. The act focuses on just
math and reading scores. This could have an undemocratic effect on a large generation of students in
poorly performing schools. Schools would have take away much of the broad education in order to
elevate scores on just two subject areas. Students in wealthy schools with good test scores will
continue to learn a full range of subjects including art, social studies and science, while the students
who scored poorly on the tests, will be receiving education in only two subject areas. It is not right
to put two subjects as the top priority. This means that not all students will get a complete education.
This concern with literacy and math skills divides

Testing Is Necessary For Student Performance
Introduction Testing is as much a part of education as attending class, eating in the cafeteria, or
going on field trips. Testing is necessary in order to provide feedback relating to student
performance. Testing is a vague phrase, however, and for the purposes of this paper, specifically,
standardized assessments, formative assessment, and summative assessments will be discussed.
Standardized assessments come in two varieties, aptitude tests which predict "how well students are
likely to perform in some subsequent educational setting" and achievement tests which are what
"citizens and school board members rely on when they evaluate a school's effectiveness." (Popham,
1999, p.8) Formative assessments are also known as "assessment for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If schools are expected to be compared in standardized testing and measurement data, then there
also needs to be better alignment of curriculum that is being taught. Based on that thought, Common
Core was designed and adopted, or at least a version of Common Core, by most states. "With proper
use, these standards (Common Core) could eventually lead to greater equality in education and give
all children the education they need and deserve." ("Testing, testing", p.7)
My Philosophy of Assessment
Purpose
Assessment is one of the most important tools in a teacher's toolbox. It serves a multitude of
purposes towards the educational process. According to Rust (2002), assessment serves three
overarching purposes, "it determines much of the work students undertake, affects their approach to
learning, and is an indication of which aspects of the course are valued most highly." (p.1) In this
manner, Rust outlines the basis of determining what students will do, how they will do it, and why
they will do it. Rust goes on to further identify the appropriate steps to designing assessments in
order to get the best use out of the results, first teachers must decide on the learning outcomes, what
do the teachers want the students to be able to do at the conclusion? The next step is to design how
the teacher would like for the students to demonstrate their ability to show that they have met the
learning outcomes. The final step

The Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing
"STOP, put your pencil down and close your test booklet."... words that are familiar to all students
which have taken standardized tests. Public school students will take an average of 112 mandated
standardized tests between pre–K and 12th grade. The number of standardized exams has escalated
over the last decade, spurring many to question the effectiveness (Layton 1). Supporters of
standardized testing recognize three main goals: measurement of student achievement, teacher and
school accountability and consistency, but are these goal being accomplished. Research suggests
that the goals of standardized test are not being met due to fundamental flaws which cause teachers
to "teach" to the test. This will eliminate building of advanced curriculum by destroying innovation
and creativity that foster a love for learning and teaching. Students have lost their ability to think
critically and apply their learning ( Room 241 Team 5).
Standardized testing has been evident for many years in education, determining college admissions,
teacher effectiveness, student academic ability and consistency in instruction. Standardized tests can
be grouped into two main types: norm referenced and criterion referenced. Norm referenced tests
are most commonly used to compare students to other students. Criteria referenced tests primarily
measure students' mastery of subject matter or curriculum standards (Geiser 22). The main focus of
of standardized testing is to provide specific

Foundations Of Reading Assessment And Intervention Research
Foundations of Reading Assessment and Intervention Research Paper In order for teachers to
facilitate effective reading instruction, they must determine what the students' academic reading
levels are. This research–based paper will introduce many assessment tools that teachers can use to
evaluate students' baseline reading stages in order to appropriately guide interventions and
instruction. Individual students' needs can be evaluated through initial and continuing reading
assessments. Teachers can do this by using both formal and informal assessments to collect and
record data to monitor student's progress. Assessment Assessing young children as they move
through the steps of their literacy development will help teachers plan for their lessons with a
greater outcome for success. Using both formal and informal assessments they can establish the
child's strengths and weaknesses as well as monitor their progress and growth. Assessments can be
formative or summative depending on when the assessment takes place. Formative assessments can
be administered regularly throughout the school year and assist teachers in monitoring the students'
learning progress. Where as summative assessments measure what the students' have learned at the
end of any selected event. According to Copple & Bredekamp, (2009) "Assessment focuses on
children's progress towards goals that are developmentally and educationally significant" (p. 22).
Additionally, assessments can provide the teacher with the

Considering All the Facts: Mistakes About Standardized Tests
Considering All the Facts: Mistakes About Standardized Tests
There has been a lot of talk about standards for schools. Politicians have made this issue a campaign
debate. Now everyone has jumped on the "bandwagon" and wants accountability of students'
education (Shafer, 2002). When there is a problem in the education system, teachers are the first to
be blamed. They are left with the responsibility of proving they are teaching what needs to be
taught. States as well as the federal government use standardized testing to assess learning. They
want someone to be held responsible for students' learning. The problem lies when the teacher and
student suffer from the results of standardized testing. "The pressure on educators and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This test is used to "select the best learners, the worst learners, and all the learners in between
(Cohen, 1988).
If students score considerably high on the tests some may view them as advanced students. The
students may be given more challenging work or entered into a Magnet Program. Such programs are
designed for "gifted" children. On the other hand, if a student's scores are low they may be required
to attend summer school, be placed in remedial programs, or retained. Edward, a fifth–grader from
Roanke Rapids, N.C., worried about the elementary promotion exam he had to take. Eventhough
Edward is a B student; he has little confidence in his test–taking abilities. He had nightmares about
books and pencils chasing him. Edward and fellow students are aware of the pressures of high–
stakes tests. Edward's teacher knows that if they fail the exam they will not be able to graduate
(Cole, 2001). One might conclude that all the achievements the students have accomplished
throughout the year is irrelevant.
Mark Sappenfield believes that students should know the basic skills before graduating and "right
now testing seems to be the best means to that end" (2001). The California Achievement tests,
Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Metropolitan Achievement Tests,
and Stanford Achievement Tests are among a few nationally standardized achievement tests used to
"evaluate a school's

Example Of Computer Assisted Assessment
Computer Assisted assessment (CAA) is a common term for the use of computers in the assessment
of student learning. Various other forms exist, such as Computer–Aided Assessment, computerized
assessment, Computer Based assessment (CBA) and computer–based testing. Online Computer
Based Assessment has existed for a long time in the form of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's).
Computer Based Assessment is commonly directly made via a computer, whereas Computer
Assisted Assessment is used to manage or support the assessment process. Examples are the optical
mark reader used to score MCQs and database programs used to record student marks. Computer
Assisted Assessment is typically formative, in that it helps students to discover whether they have
learned what the educator intended and provide timely feedback on how best to teach a subject.
Increasingly, it can be summative, with limited feedback typically being given ... Show more
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by testing for pre–knowledge. Assessment techniques are usually either norm referenced or criterion
referenced. Norm referenced assesses an individual's performance in relation to the norms
established by a peer group. Criterion referenced occurs when a student is assessed on his or her
ability to meet a required level of skill or competence. Computer Assisted Assessment is usually
criterion referenced. Well–written computer assisted testing is more likely to be objective testing:
testing that can be marked objectively and thus offer high reliability. The benefit is that the tests can
be marked quickly and easily, and adapted to meet a wide range of learning outcomes. Tests have
the potentials to incorporate a wide range of media, to link online assessments to feedback, to
incorporate hints into test questions, to assign other learning activities based on the test result, to
make randomized selection can be made from large question banks, to be administrated easily and
allowing better test

The New York City Department Of Education
The New York City Department of Education (DOE) serves 1.1 million students across schools
("About Us"). During the Bloomberg administration more than 140 schools were closed with no
indication that the "administration's closure policy improved outcomes for students in the city's
struggling schools" ("Standardized Testing Is Counterproductive, Corrosive and Corrupting").
Several studies have detailed the damage and disruption the city's closure policy had on struggling
schools in high–need populations with significant academic challenges (Fruchter). Bloomberg's
education policies were guided by The No Child Left Behind law, which required standardized test–
based school reform including annual testing, greater flexibility for states and increased teacher
qualifications in order to receive federal funding (Ujifusa). This standardized test–based school
reform trend continued under the Obama administration 's with the Race to the Top program. Race
to the Top rewarded states that used exams and data systems to track the performance of students
and teachers, among other initiatives (Cite).
These accountability policies paved the way in 2007, when the Bloomberg administration
introduced its School Progress Reports and Achievement Reporting and Innovation System (ARIS).
The school's report card graded schools on a scale of A through F based on three factors: school
environment survey (15%), student academic performance (25%) and student academic progress
(60%) ("School Quality

The Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing
There is a major controversy over standardized achievement testing that has now called for students,
parents, educators, and communities–to become involved. The United States is lacking in education
from a worldwide viewpoint. The United States currently ranks 17th among 50 other global
education systems (Gayathri). If America continues to fall behind, then the educational gap between
races will continue to expand. Is the solution to the United States falling behind globally? It's to
increase standardized tests.
"Standardized tests play a major role in education today, whether they are achievement tests
measuring subject–specific knowledge or aptitude tests measuring scholastic readiness. The goal of
the assessments is to provide a yardstick to evaluate student performance across state standards."
(Concordia University Portland 2017)
"The No Child Left Behind Act and the Common Core State Standards Initiative are prominent
examples of test–based accountability policies. The practice has ignited a debate about their
effectiveness and how well this kind of test measures student achievement." (Concordia University
Portland 2017)
A standardized test is an examination that's scored and administered in a predetermined manner.
(Popham 1999) Present day, standardized test is "...any objective test, or combination of objective
and performance tests, that yields the same score for the same performance, no matter who is doing
the scoring" (Hirsch) Standardized testing consist of

Classroom Assessment
Introduction
Classroom assessments does more than assess learning. What is assess, how it is assessed, and how
to communicate the results to the student to send a clear, concise message about what is needed to
be learned, the way it is best to be learned, and the expectations on how well the student is to
perform. The proper assessment is critical when assessing a student's abilities and skill set, and then
to fairly and objectively grade the student in a non–biased manner. What this paper is intended to do
is describe the assessment and grading that best fits the student that is in higher education.
Interpretation of assessments
Classroom assessment is among an instructor's most essential educational tool. When the
assessment is properly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main goal of these tests is to gauge whether the students have demonstrated a mastery level of
skills or set of skills. The end result is generally "pass" or "fail" and has been useful in making
resolutions about certifications, licensure and job entry. An example of CRT would be the national
board medical examiners. The test taker has the skill set to practice that set of skills in their
profession in order to obtain a license to practice. CRT includes directly relevant work that are in
line with the learning outcomes in which need to be measured. The goal of the CRT is to acquire a
depiction of each student's specific knowledge and skill sets that is needed to be demonstrated. This
information is exceptionally useful for the planning for both group and individual

The Education System Of The United States
Understanding the importance of education is like understanding life. They go directly hand and
hand, because learning is apart of the daily life of a child, and is extremely essential in a child's
development. Children are introduced to the education system for the purpose to learn and thrive in
todays society. The education system is used to set a model for children to become successful adults
for American society to prosper. Rarely, do we think about school conditions and the stress pushed
upon educators to make what it takes to have a thriving school year. In the United States, the budget
for education primarily comes from state and local taxes. Usually, the budget from state and local
are not enough, and year after year, many are getting cut. Schools are desperately in major need for
additional funding, and they gladly utilize these federal funds as much as they can. Once federal
funding is accepted to help these schools, so come the high standards and expectations. The use of
Federal funding creates high stake environments, that effect students and teachers differently. With
these high expectations for standardizing test scores, teachers are promised large bonus incentives in
return. In 2009, schools were given the option to apply for funding by The Race to the Top Fund,
and these expectations cause teachers and students to have high stress and anxiety in standardized
school testing. The new expectations from federal funding change the educational curriculum,
induces

The Liberal Arts And Education
The liberal arts are a vital subject for the curriculum of every school worldwide. However,
numerous education reforms set in motion by American government have begun to take a heavy toll
on the existence of art programs in schools. Subjects such as theatre, music, dance, visual arts, and
many more are being sacrificed economically in lieu of basic subjects that are listed as more
important by the state. As a result of these funding cuts to arts programs, students across the nation
are beginning to lose crucial opportunities to take part in these traditional fields of study. The liberal
arts programs across the nation's schools provide more to students than can be attained in the basic
classroom setting, and therefore should not be surrendered to other subjects that are deemed more
prominent. Nearly every aspect of the arts has been in practice since the dawn of man. Before the
existence of the world's major technologies such as the television or the internet, people had to
entertain themselves. As Efland writes in his research of the history of art education, "as long as the
arts have existed, artists, performers, and audience members have been educated for their roles."
Perhaps the most well–known of the art practices are the visual arts. Everything from cave
drawings, carvings, statues, tattoos, piercings, to even decorated dishes serve as examples of the
earliest visual arts. These items often served as symbols for cultural deities, stories of the past,
folklore, and

The Role Of State Standards On The Classroom

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