One Welfare: Experiences from ZooLinK Project Western Kenya
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One Welfare: Experiences from ZooLinK Project Western Kenya shared to Kenyan veterinarians and paraprofessionals during the Kenya Veterinary Association, Continuous Professional Development Workshop on 14th March 2019 at KALRO, Kakamega-Kenya.
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One Welfare: Experiences from ZooLinK Project Western Kenya
- 1. One Welfare: Experiences from ZooLinK Project Dr Kelvin Momanyi, BVM, MSc Western Kenya KVA CPD Workshop 14th March 2019 KALRO, Kakamega-Kenya
- 2. Objectives
- 3. Objectives 1 • Introduce the concept One Welfare 2 • Provide an overview of what’s ZooLinK 3 • Share experiences of animal welfare from ZooLinK 4 • Interventions by ZooLinK 5 • Challenges and recommendations
- 4. Introducing the concept of One Welfare
- 5. What is One Welfare? “interconnections between animal welfare, human wellbeing and the environment” Source: https://www.onewelfareworld.org/book.html
- 6. One Welfare in practice: harnessing • Well-designed harnesses • Adequate nutrition • More efficient carts N.S Ramaswamy 1994. Draught animals and welfare. Rev. Sci. tech. OIE 13. 195-216
- 7. One Welfare in practice: human-animal interactions and productivity Negative handling of dairy cows: slaps, hits, pushes, tail-twists Hemsworth et al. (2000). Relationships between human-animal interactions and productivity of commercial dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 2821-2831 Variable Correlation P Avoidance of handler +0.33 <0.01 Cortisol in milk +0.34 <0.01 Yearly milk yield -0.36 <0.01
- 8. One Welfare in practice: human-animal interactions and productivity Hemsworth P.H., Coleman, G.J. (2011). Human-livestock Interactions: The Stockperson and the Productivity and Welfare of Intensively Farmed Animals. CABI. pp. 194 Negative handling Chronic fear Classic stress response • Reduced: Growth, Reproduction, Immune competence
- 9. One Welfare in practice: multidisciplinarity • Responsibility • Patience • Tolerance • Empathy • Satisfaction Photo: New Leash on life, USA. https://newleashonlife-usa.org/
- 10. One Welfare in practice: social aspects Ascione, F. (2007). Battered pets and domestic violence: animal abuse reported by women experiencing intimate violence and by nonabused women. Violence Against Women, 13: 354-372. “Women residing at domestic violence shelters were nearly 11 times more likely to report that their partner had hurt or killed pets than a comparison group of women who said they had not experienced intimate violence.”
- 11. One Welfare in practice: Neglect Embedded in a complex network of other problems in agriculture e.g. financial difficulties, divorce, & psychiatric problems Andrade and Anneberg (2014). Farmers Under Pressure. Analysis of the Social Conditions of Cases of Animal Neglect J. Agr. Environ. Ethic, 27:103-126
- 12. One Welfare in practice: Climate change “….we predict, on the basis of mid-range climate-warming scenarios for 2050, that 15-30% of species in our sample of regions and taxa will be ‘committed to extinction’…” Thomas C.D et al., (2004) Photo courtesy: Kerstin Langenberger Photography CD Thomas et al., (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148
- 13. One Welfare in practice: FAO expert meeting FAO Expert meeting 30th Sept to 3rd Oct 2008: Capacity building to implement good animal welfare practices
- 14. Summary: What’s One Welfare Improve animal welfare to improve human welfare (and vice versa) Co-ordinate actions between veterinary and other services Protect the environment as a fundamental step for both human and animal welfare
- 15. Overview of the ZooLinK project
- 16. What is ZooLinK? To develop an integrated surveillance system for zoonotic diseases in western Kenya
- 17. Where do we work? Livestock markets Slaughter facilities Hospitals & health centres
- 18. Livestock markets & slaughter facilitiesConsenting Clinicalexam Sampling Dataentry
- 19. Human sampling at health facilities Consenting, clinical examination, biological samples and metadata
- 20. Diagnostics: 15 zoonotic diseasesColdchain Reception Testing Storage
- 21. Animal welfare observations at livestock markets
- 22. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation – trekking
- 23. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation - overcrowding
- 24. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation – loading
- 25. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation – crates
- 26. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation – handheld
- 27. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Transportation – mixed species
- 28. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – ligature wounds
- 29. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – overgrown hooves
- 30. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – oral lesions
- 31. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – septic tail docking wound
- 32. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – teat lesions
- 33. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – untreated vulval tear
- 34. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – traumatic wounds
- 35. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets Husbandry practices – Traditional practices
- 36. Animal welfare observations at slaughter facilities
- 37. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Transportation (pig) - vessel and duration
- 38. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Transportation (pig) - trekking
- 39. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Husbandry practices (pig) - ligature wounds
- 40. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (pig) – decapitation (presence of dead pig)
- 41. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (pig) - heart removal
- 42. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (pig) – scalding before confirmed death
- 43. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Husbandry practices (ruminants) - plastics
- 44. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (ruminants) – not stunning
- 45. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Husbandry (ruminants) - transportation
- 46. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Husbandry (ruminants) – reproduction losses
- 47. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (ruminants) – improper neck slitting • Mean time to death 205 secs - sometimes >360 secs • With pithing- reduced to 80 secs • Possible inhalation of blood
- 48. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (ruminants) – no death privacy
- 49. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Slaughter practices (ruminants) - decapitation • This can be immediate (small ruminants) or following cutting of neck (cows) • Mean time to death is shorter (30-50 secs)
- 50. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities Husbandry practices (transportation) - improper harnessing
- 51. Other observations in relation to One Welfare
- 52. Other observations: related to One Welfare Slaughter facility – open condemnation pit
- 53. Other observations: related to One Welfare Husbandry practices (pig) – free ranging
- 54. Other observations: related to One Welfare Husbandry practices – roaming dogs
- 55. Other observations: related to One Welfare Husbandry practices – worms
- 56. Other observations: related to One Welfare Waste disposal – wildlife
- 58. ZooLinK intervention: Feedback sessions Human team Animal team
- 60. ZooLinK intervention: Info-stories Ease of understanding and relatable
- 64. ZooLinK intervention: provision of PPE
- 66. ZooLinK intervention: iCow • Free service: Smartphone& USSD (*285#)
- 67. Challenges • Infrastructural limitations o Transport o Restraining facilities o Slaughterhouse o Equipment • Animal welfare awareness • Knowledge of proper practices • Poor implementation and compliance to laws
- 68. Recommendations • Can we facilitate stunning equipment in slaughter facilities? • Should we advocate for decapitation/pithing? • Can we provide training for slaughterhouse workers? • Can we establish a checklist when the animal is dead • Are there innovative transport alternatives? • Sensitize police on AW? School children?
- 69. We also thank all donors who supported ILRI’s research through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund Thank you and Acknowledgements Partners, collaborators, participants, staff and ZooLinK team
- 70. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. better lives through livestock ilri.org ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system
Editor's Notes
- There MUST be a CGIAR logo or a CRP logo. You can copy and paste the logo you need from the final slide of this presentation. Then you can delete that final slide To replace a photo above, copy and paste this link in your browser: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilri/sets/72157632057087650/detail/ Find a photo you like and the right size, copy and paste it in the block above.
- New Leash on Life USA is a Pennsylvania 501(c) (3) non-profit, prison-dog training program, dedicated to improving the life of inmates and saving the lives of dogs.
- For this integrated surveillance system we selected 12 sentinel sites, each comprising of livestock markets, slaughter slabs, and hospitals and health centres. Each site is visited once every 4 weeks, over a period of 2 years.
- At each livestock market and slaughterhouse we sample up to 10 animals (cattle, pigs and small ruminants). We perform a quick clinical examination of the animal, collect biological samples – blood, faecal, tissue, and any ticks present - and other information related to the animal owner and animal movement. At slaughterhouses we also perform a post-mortem inspection after slaughter, and collect any relevant samples, e.g. flukes or enlarged lymph nodes.
- In hospitals and health centres we work closely with local staff to ensure that our presence does not interfere with their already very busy schedule, and we sample up to 10 patients who meet our inclusion criteria. For each patient we perform a quick clinical examination, ask questions relating to animal contact, socio-economic status, and dietary habits, and collect biological samples. All data are collected using FIST (which Leo will shortly talk to you about), and these forms are submitted in real-time to a central data portal.
- All biological samples are processed and tested for 15 zoonotic diseases in our field lab in Busia. These include faecal cultures to test for food-borne pathogens, such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli, ELISA tests for zoonoses such as Q-fever and Toxoplasma, and PCR on parasitic material such as hydatid cysts. So, as you may see, through this project, we are actively seeking and measuring the presence of these diseases, which is one aspect of surveillance…
- Minimum rest = exhaustion Difficult for sheep (stubborn)
- Overcrowding (distress + mixing of animals - regions) Long distance (lack of feed & water)
- Injuries to human/animal Time consuming and stressful to animal
- Small carriage especially for sheep and goats Discomfort/distress
- For long distances – discomfort
- Overcrowded cages Mixed species
- Long distances - motion sickness Positioning – discomfort, pressure sores
- Long distances – heat stress + ligature wounds
- Pain + unattended = infection
- Very painful Improper bleeding of carcass
- Scalding sometimes done before death of animal is confirmed
- Important to ensure animals are unconscious What if captive bolt gun is not working?
- Heat stress, distress; Effect on meat quality?
- Not ideal for animals to be slaughtered in front of each other
- well-designed harnesses • adequate nutrition • more efficient carts; N.S. Ramaswamy 1994. Draught animals and welfare. Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE 13: 195-216 Source: https://www.oie.int/eng/animal-welfare-conf2016/PTT/2.1.%20Fraser%20D.pdf