1. One Health and Zoonoses in The Kenyan
Drylands: A literature Review
K.N Momanyi1, A.C Fagre2, S. VandeWoude2, S. Lynn.2, and J.T Njoka1
1University of Nairobi, 2 Colorado State University
Corresponding Author: Momanyi Kelvin Nyariaro
Email: momanyink@gmail.com

2. Background
• One health is the notion of working
collaboratively with physicians, ecologists and
veterinarians to monitor and control public
health threats in collaboration with national,
regional, global organizations and/or scholarly
bodies (CDC, 2013).
• The One Health concept was officially adopted
by the Kenyan government on October, 3rd.
2012 (ZDU, 2012).
http://zdukenya.org/strategic-plan/

3. Methods
• A literature review was conducted from October 2012
when the one health concept was officially and
nationally adopted in Kenya till May 2014 to examine
the role of the one health approach towards zoonoses
and public health in the Kenyan arid and semi-arid
areas.
• Inclusion criteria included publications, professional
presentations, one health websites, funding
allocations, official documentation books, and book
chapters covering the Kenyan dryland areas,
• Exclusion criteria included those citations written
outside the period of review and not covering the
Kenyan drylands.

4. Search criteria
• Key words used for searching: Onehealth + Kenya; One Health +
Kenya; Zoonoses + Kenya; Ecosystem + Kenya; Public health +
Kenya; Veterinary + Kenya; Diseases + Kenya + Drylands;
Combination
• Research databases : HINARI-PubMed, AJOL, Google scholar,
CABDirect, Wiley Online library, Kenya Veterinarian,
• Organizational websites: CDC, ILRI, OHCEA, SACIDS, OIE, ZDU,
USAID, WHO, FAO, Public universities
• Search engine [Google=Searching for the priority zoonotic diseases
in Kenya]
http://www.pmaconference.mahidol.ac.th/dmdocuments/PMAC_2
013_PPT_PL4%20Peter%20Maina%20Ithondeka%20(Update).pdf
• Websites: Slide share, One Health mission, One Health Global
Network, Springer link , One Health initiative
• Disease reporting systems: WAHID, TAD info, Health Map, GLEWS

5. http://www.pmaconference.mahidol.ac.th/dmdocuments/PMAC_2013_PPT_PL4%20Peter%20
Maina%20Ithondeka%20(Update).pdf

6. Results
• The resources reviewed showed a continuous upward
trend of studies covering the animal-human-ecosystem
interphase in the drylands.
• The predominant resources were publications, professional
presentations, and one health websites with zoonoses as
the significant scope focus for one health.
• The zoonoses that were represented in the Kenyan arid
and semi-arid areas were viral hemorrhagic fevers (e.g. Rift
valley fever), brucellosis, leishmaniosis, anthrax, rabies,
and a few emerging zoonoses e.g. Q-fever.
• The organizations over-represented as promoters and
players of one health issues in the Kenyan drylands were:
USAID, CDC, ZDU, ILRI, OIE and Universities (especially
University of Nairobi).

7. ZDU, in collaboration with CDC and staff from Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock &
Fisheries and Health, conducted a study on sero-prevalence of Brucellosis in humans and animals
in Kiambu and Kajiado counties in the months of November and December, 2012.
ZDU carried out a sensitisation meeting in Marsabit county in preparation for the brucellosis
sero-prevalence study that will be carried out in Marsabit county in the months of August and
September, 2013
http://zdukenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Brucellosis-Study_Kajiado1.pdf

8. http://www.slideshare.net/NanyingiMcNanyingi/perspectives-of-predictive-
epidemiology-and-early-warning-systems-for-rift-valley-fever-in-garissa-kenya

9. http://www.slideshare.net/ILRI/mapping-the-interface-of-poverty-emerging-
markets-and-zoonoses?qid=c6227a13-f5a8-48cf-be77-
da0d0ac84a4f&v=default&b=&from_search=1

10. http://www.slideshare.net/ILRI/participatory-epidemiology-in-animal-and-
human-health?qid=5f8c36b8-687f-4706-beea-
a54313b33853&v=default&b=&from_search=22

11. http://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/in-action/rvf-vaccine.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233145/

12. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-3341-5_5
This corroborates previous biochemical and isoenzyme data and suggests that at least
two strains of E.granulosus occur in the Turkana district of Kenya

13. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_58

14. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10393-014-0924-0

15. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal
.pone.0043342

16. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal
.pone.0066626

17. FUTURE TRENDS

18. http://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/domestic-activities/graphic-
novellas.html

19. http://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/domestic-activities/friends-magazine.html
“Fiends” Magazine
 Good hygiene
 Ways to prevent
zoonotic diseases
 The impact of zoonotic
diseases on individuals
and their communities
 How to apply their new
knowledge to real-life
situations

20. https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/library_of_one_health_references/one_health
_central_and_east_africa_ohcea/

21. Conclusion
• Our findings demonstrate the rapid growth in
embracing the concept of one health with special
interest to the animal-human-environment and animal-
human-wildlife interface in promoting ecosystem
health and sustainability over the past years. The
advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling
zoonoses and other public health issues takes a
systems approach that considers human, animal,
biological and ecological aspects of these challenges,
yet the fundamental principle behind One Health is the
holistic coordination between human and veterinary
medical specialists to protect and improve animal,
human and ecosystem health.

22. Recommendation
1.

23. Acknowledgements
1. University of Nairobi-CSDES [Prof. Njoka]
2. Colorado State University [Prof. Sue, Dr.
Stacy, Anna Fagre]